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www.huawei.com
Copyright © 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
WCDMA UE Behaviorsin Idle Mode
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Page3Copyright © 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Contents
1. PLMN Selection
2. System Information Reception
3. Cell Selection and Reselection
4. Location Registration
5. Paging Procedure
6. Access Procedure
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Page4Copyright © 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Contents
1. PLMN Selection
2. System Information Reception
3. Cell Selection and Reselection
4. Location Registration
5. Paging Procedure
6. Access Procedure
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Cell Search
UE does not have UTRAN carrier information
In order to find a suitable cell to stay, UE will scan all the
frequencies in UTRAN. In each carrier, UE just need to find a cell
with best signal
UE has UTRAN carrier information
UE will try whether the original cell is suitable to stay. If not, UE
still need to scan all the frequencies about UTRAN in order to find
a suitable cell in PLMN
Typical scenario of first occasion is the first time a new UE is put into use.
The second occasion is very common.
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Page6Copyright © 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Cell Search
Slot synchronization
Frame synchronization and
code-group identification
Primary Scrambling code
identification
Step 1: Slot synchronization
During the first step of the cell search procedure the UE uses the primary synchronisation code (PSC)
to acquire slot synchronisation to a cell. Step 2: Frame synchronization and code-group identification
During the second step of the cell search procedure, the UE uses the secondary synchronisation
code (SSC) to find frame synchronisation and identify the code group of the cell found in the first
step.
Step 3: Primary Scrambling code identification:
During the last step of the cell search procedure, the UE determines the exact primary scrambling
code used by the found cell. The primary scrambling code is typically identified through symbol-by-
symbol correlation over the CPICH with all codes within the code group identified in the second
step.
If the UE has received information about which scrambling codes to search for, steps 2 and 3 abovecan be simplified.
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PLMN Selection
UE shall maintain a list of allowed PLMN types. In the PLMN list,
the UE arranges available PLMNs by priorities. When selecting a
PLMN, it searches the PLMNs from the high priority to the low.
The UE selects a PLMN from HPLMNs or VPLMNs.
UE can get the system information from PCCPCH, and the PLMN information is transmitted in MIB
of PCCPCH
After getting the MIB, UE can judge weather the current PLMN is the right one. If so, UE will getthe SIB scheduling information from the MIB; if not, UE will search another carrier, do this
procedure again
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Page8Copyright © 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
PLMN Selection (Cont.)
Automatic PLMN Selection Mode
The UE selects an available and suitable PLMN from the whole
band according to the priority order
If a UE is in a VPLMN, it scans the “user controlled PLMN selector”
field or the “operator controlled PLMN selector” field in the PLMN
list to find the HPLMN or the PLMN with higher priority according
to the requirement of the automatic PLMN selection mode.
Manual PLMN Selection Mode
UE shows all the PLMN, and subscriber can select PLMN manually.
The priority order for automatic PLMN selection mode
A value of T minutes may be stored in the SIM. T is either in the range from 6 minutes to 8 hours in
6-minute steps or it indicates that no periodic attempts shall be made. If no value is stored in the
SIM, a default value of 60 minutes is used.
If the UE is in a VPLMN, after the UE is switched on, a period of at least 2 minutes and at most Tminutes shall elapse before the first attempt is made. The UE shall make an attempt if the UE is on
the VPLMN at time T after the last attempt.
The PLMN selected by the
UE before automatic PLMN
selection
Previously selected PLMN6
The PLMNs are arranged in
descending order of signal
quality.
Other PLMN/access technology combinations
excluding the previously selected PLMN5
The PLMNs are arranged in
random order
Other PLMN/access technology combinations with
the high quality of received signals excluding the
previously selected PLMN
4
The PLMNs are arranged in
priority order
PLMNs contained in the "Operator Controlled
PLMN Selector with Access Technology" data field
in the SIM excluding the previously selected PLMN
3
The PLMNs are arranged in
priority order
PLMNs contained in the "User Controlled PLMN
Selector with Access Technology" data field in the
SIM excluding the previously selected PLMN
2
Home PLMNsHPLMNs1
RemarkPLMN typeOrder
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Page9Copyright © 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Contents
1. PLMN Selection
2. System Information Reception
3. Cell Selection and Reselection
4. Location Registration
5. Paging Procedure
6. Access Procedure
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Page10Copyright © 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Structure of System Information
System information is organized as a tree, including:
MIB (Master Information Block )
SB (Scheduling Block )
SIB (System Information Block )
System information is used for the network to broadcast network information to UEs camping on a
cell so as to control the behavior of UEs.
MIB When selecting a new cell, the UE reads the MIB. The UE may locate the MIB by predefined
scheduling information. The IEs in the MIB includes MIB value tag, PLMN type, PLMN
identity, reference and scheduling information for a number of SIBs in a cell or one or two
SBs in a cell.
SB
Scheduling Block (SB) gives reference and scheduling information to other SIBs. The
scheduling information of a SIB may be included in only one of MIB and SB.
SIB
System Information Block (SIB) contains actual system information. It consists of system
information elements (IEs) with the same purpose. Scheduling information for a system information block may only be included in either the master
information block or one of the scheduling blocks.
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Page11Copyright © 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
System Information
SIB1: Contains the system information for NAS and the timer/counterfor UE
SIB2: Contains the URA information
SIB3: Contains the parameters for cell selection and cell re-selection
SIB5: Contains parameters for the common physical channels of the
cell
SIB7: Contains the uplink interference level and the refreshing timer
for SIB7
SIB11: Contains measurement controlling information
SIB4: Contains parameters for cell selection and cell re-selection while UE is in connected mode
SIB6: Contains parameters for the common physical channels of the cell while UE is in connected
mode SIB8: Contains the CPCH static information
SIB9: Contains the CPCH dynamic information
SIB10: Contains information to be used by UEs having their DCH controlled by a DRAC procedure.
Used in FDD mode only. To be used in CELL_DCH state only. Changes so often, its decoding is
controlled by a timer
SIB12: Contains measurement controlling information in connecting mode
SIB13: Contains ANSI-41 system information
SIB14: Contains the information in TDD mode
SIB15: Contains the position service information
SIB16: Contains the needed pre-configuration information for handover from other RAT to UTRAN
SIB17: Contains the configuration information for TDD
SIB18: Contains the PLMN identities of the neighboring cells
To be used in shared networks to help with the cell reselection process
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Page12Copyright © 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Reception of System Information
The UE shall read system information broadcast on a BCH
transport channel when the UE is in idle mode or in connected
mode, that is, in CELL_FACH, CELL_PCH, or URA_PCH state.
The UE may use the scheduling information in MIB and SB to locate each SIB to be acquired. If the
UE receives a SIB in a position according to the scheduling information and consider the content
valid, it will read and store it.
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Page13Copyright © 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Contents
1. PLMN Selection
2. System Information Reception
3. Cell Selection and Reselection
4. Location Registration
5. Paging Procedure
6. Access Procedure
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Page14Copyright © 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Cell Selection
When the PLMN is selected and the UE is in idle mode, the UE
starts to select a cell to camp on and to obtain services.
There are four states involved in cell selection:
Camped normally
Any cell selection
Camped on any cell
Connected mode
Camped normally: The cell that UE camps on is called the suitable cell. In this state, the UE obtains
normal service.
Any cell selection: In this state, the UE shall attempt to find an acceptable cell of an any PLMN tocamp on, trying all RATs that are supported by the UE and searching first for a high quality cell
Camped on any cell: The cell that UE camps on is called the acceptable cell. In this state the UE
obtains limited service. The UE shall regularly attempt to find a suitable cell of the selected PLMN,
trying all RATs that are supported by the UE.
Connected mode: When returning to idle mode, the UE shall use the procedure Cell selection when
leaving connected mode in order to find a suitable cell to camp on and enter state Camped
normally. If no suitable cell is found in cell reselection evaluation process, the UE enters the state
Any cell selection.
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Page15Copyright © 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Cell Selection (Cont.)
Two types of cell selection:
Initial cell selection
If no cell information is stored for the PLMN, the UE starts this procedure.
Stored information cell selection
If cell information is stored for the PLMN, the UE starts this procedure.
Initial cell selection: If no cell information is stored for the PLMN, the UE starts the initial cell
selection. For this procedure, the UE need not know in advance which Radio Frequency (RF)
channels are UTRA bearers. The UE scans all RF channels in the UTRA band according to itscapabilities to find a suitable cell of the selected PLMN. On each carrier, the UE need only search for
the strongest cell. Once a suitable cell is found, this cell shall be selected.
Stored information cell selection: For this procedure, the UE need know the central frequency
information and other optional cell parameters that are obtained from the measurement control
information received before, such as scrambling codes. After this procedure is started, the UE
selects a suitable cell if it finds one. Otherwise, the "Initial cell selection" procedure is triggered.
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Page16Copyright © 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Cell Selection Criteria
minqualqualmeasqual QQS −=
oncompensatirxlevrxlevmeasrxlev PQQS −−= min
Criterion S is used by the UE to judge whether the cell is
suitable to camped on.
Criterion S : Srxlev > 0 & Squal > 0, where:
If the pilot strength and quality of one cell meet S criteria, UE will stay in this cell and get other
system information. Then, UE will initiate a location update registration process.
If the cell doesn’t satisfy S criteria, UE will get adjacent cells information from SIB11. Then, UE will judge weather these cells satisfy S criteria. If the adjacent cell is suitable, UE will stay in the adjacent
cell.
If no cell satisfies S criteria, UE will take the area as dead zone and continue the PLMN selection and
reselection procedure.
Max(UE_TXPWR_MAX_RACH-P_MAX,0), dBmPcompensation
Maximum TX power level an UE may use when accessing the cell on RACH
(read in system information) (dBm)
UE_TXPWR_M
AX_RACH
Maximum RF output power of the UE (dBm)P_MAX
Minimum required RX level in the cell (dBm)Qrxlevmin
Minimum required quality level in the cell (dB)Qqualmin
Measured cell RX level value. This is received signal, CPICH RSCP for current
cells (dBm)
Qrxlevmeas
Measured cell quality value. The quality of the received signal expressed in
CPICH Ec/N0 (dB) for current cell
Qqualmeas
Cell RX level value (dBm) Srxlev
Cell quality value (dB) Squal
ExplanationParameters
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Page17Copyright © 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Parameters of S Criterion
QQUALMIN
Parameter name: Min quality level
Recommended value: -18, namely -18dB
QRXLEVMIN
Parameter name: Min Rx level
Recommended value: -58, namely -115dBm
QQUALMIN
Parameter name: Min quality level
Value range: -24~0 Physical value range: -24~0; step: 1
Physical unit: dB
Content: The minimum required quality level corresponding to CPICH Ec/No. The UE can
camp on the cell only when the measured CPICH Ec/No is greater than the value of this
parameter.
Recommended value: -18
Set this parameter through ADD CELLSELRESEL, query it through LST CELLSELRESEL, and
modify it through MOD CELLSELRESEL.
QRXLEVMIN
Parameter name: Min Rx level
Value range: -58~-13.
Physical value range: -115~-25; step: 2 (-58:-115; -57:-113; ..., -13:-25 ).
Physical unit: dBm.
Content: The minimum required RX level corresponding to CPICH RSCP. The UE can camp
on the cell only when the measured CPICH RSCP is greater than the value of this parameter.
Recommended value: -58.
Set this parameter through ADD CELLSELRESEL, query it through LST CELLSELRESEL, and
modify it through MOD CELLSELRESEL.
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Page18Copyright © 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Parameters of S Criterion
MAXALLOWEDULTXPOWER
Parameter name: Max allowed UE UL TX power
Recommended value: 24, namely 24dBm
MAXALLOWEDULTXPOWER
Parameter name: Max allowed UE UL TX power
Value range: -50~33 Physical value range: -50~33; step: 1
Physical unit: dBm
Content: The maximum allowed uplink transmit power of a UE in the cell, which is related
to the network planning. Content: Allowed maximum power transmitted on RACH in the
cell. It is related to network planning.
Recommended value: 24
Set this parameter through ADD CELLSELRESEL, query it through LST CELLSELRESEL, and
modify it through MOD CELLSELRESEL.
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Page19Copyright © 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Cell Reselection
After selecting a cell and camping on it, the UE periodically
searches for a better cell according to the cell reselection
criteria. If finding such a cell, the UE selects this cell to camp on.
QUALMEAS
Parameter name: Cell Se-reselection quality measure
Recommended value: CPICH_ECNO
UE should monitor the quality of current cell and neighbor cells in order to camp on the better cell
to initiate service. The better cell is the most suitable one for the UE to camp on and obtain services.
The QoS of this cell is not necessarily more satisfying.
QUALMEAS
Parameter name: Cell Sel-reselection quality measure
Value range: CPICH_ECNO(CPICH Ec/N0),CPICH_RSCP(CPICH RSCP)
Physical unit: None.
Content: Cell selection and reselection quality measure, may be set to CPICH Ec/N0 or
CPICH RSCP.
Recommended value: CPICH_ECNO.
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Measurement Start Criteria (Cont.)
Intra-frequency measurement
Squal ≤ Sintrasearch
↓
Qqualmeas − Qqualmin ≤ Sintrasearch
↓
Qqualmeas ≤ Qqualmin + Sintrasearch
Parameters of the measurement start criteria
Minimum required quality level in the cell (dB) .Qqualmin
Measurement threshold for UE to trigger inter-RAT cell reselection, comparedwith S
qual
.SsearchRATm
Measurement threshold for UE to trigger inter-frequency cell reselection,compared with Squal.
Sintersearch
Measurement threshold for UE to trigger intra-frequency cell reselection,compared with Squal.
Sintrasearch
Cell quality value (dB)Squal
DescriptionName
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Page21Copyright © 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Measurement Start Criteria (Cont.)
Inter-frequency measurement
Squal ≤ Sintersearch
↓
Qqualmeas − Qqualmin ≤ Sintersearch
↓
Qqualmeas ≤ Qqualmin + Sintersearch
Parameters of the measurement start criteria
Minimum required quality level in the cell (dB) .Qqualmin
Measurement threshold for UE to trigger inter-RAT cell reselection, comparedwith S
qual
.SsearchRATm
Measurement threshold for UE to trigger inter-frequency cell reselection,compared with Squal.
Sintersearch
Measurement threshold for UE to trigger intra-frequency cell reselection,compared with Squal.
Sintrasearch
Cell quality value (dB)Squal
DescriptionName
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Page22Copyright © 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Measurement Start Criteria (Cont.)
Inter-RAT measurement
Squal ≤ SsearchRATm
↓
Qqualmeas − Qqualmin ≤ SsearchRATm
↓
Qqualmeas ≤ Qqualmin + SsearchRATm
Parameters of the measurement start criteria
Minimum required quality level in the cell (dB) .Qqualmin
Measurement threshold for UE to trigger inter-RAT cell reselection, comparedwith S
qual
.SsearchRATm
Measurement threshold for UE to trigger inter-frequency cell reselection,compared with Squal.
Sintersearch
Measurement threshold for UE to trigger intra-frequency cell reselection,compared with Squal.
Sintrasearch
Cell quality value (dB)Squal
DescriptionName
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Page23Copyright © 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Parameters of Measurement Start Criteria
IDLESINTRASEARCH
Parameter name: Intra-freq cell reselection threshold for idle mode
Recommended value: None
CONNSINTRASEARCH
Parameter name: Intra-freq cell reselection threshold for
connected mode
Recommended value: None
IDLESINTRASEARCH
Parameter name: Intra-freq cell reselection threshold for idle mode
Value range: {{-16~10},{127}} . Physical value range: -32~20; step: 2.
Physical unit: dB.
Content: A threshold for intra-frequency cell reselection in idle mode. When the quality
(CPICH Ec/No measured by UE) of the serving cell is lower than this threshold plus the
[Qqualmin] of the cell, the intra-frequency cell reselection procedure will be started.
Recommended value: None.
Set this parameter through ADD CELLSELRESEL, query it through LST CELLSELRESEL, and
modify it through MOD CELLSELRESEL.
CONNSINTRASEARCH
Parameter name: Intra-freq cell reselection threshold for connected mode
Value range: {{-16~10},{127}} .
Physical value range: -32~20; step: 2.
Physical unit: dB
Content: A threshold for intra-frequency cell reselection in connect mode. When the quality
(CPICH Ec/No measured by UE) of the serving cell is lower than this threshold plus the
[Qqualmin] of the cell, the intra-frequency cell reselection procedure will be started.
Recommended value: None.
Set this parameter through ADD CELLSELRESEL, query it through LST CELLSELRESEL, and
modify it through MOD CELLSELRESEL.
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Page24Copyright © 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Parameters of Measurement Start Criteria
IDLESINTERSEARCH
Parameter name: Inter-freq cell reselection threshold for idle mode
Recommended value: None
CONNSINTERSEARCH
Parameter name: Inter-freq cell reselection threshold for
connected mode
Recommended value: None
IDLESINTERSEARCH
Parameter name: Inter-freq cell reselection threshold for idle mode
Value range: {{-16~10},{127}} . Physical value range: -32~20; step: 2.
Physical unit: dB.
Content: A threshold for inter-frequency cell reselection in idle mode. When the quality
(CPICH Ec/No measured by UE) of the serving cell is lower than this threshold plus the
[Qqualmin] of the cell, the inter-frequency cell reselection procedure will be started.
Recommended value: None.
Set this parameter through ADD CELLSELRESEL, query it through LST CELLSELRESEL, and
modify it through MOD CELLSELRESEL.
CONNSINTERSEARCH
Parameter name: Inter-freq cell reselection threshold for connected mode
Value range: {{-16~10},{127}} .
Physical value range: -32~20; step: 2.
Physical unit: dB
Content: A threshold for inter-frequency cell reselection in connect mode. When the quality
(CPICH Ec/No measured by UE) of the serving cell is lower than this threshold plus the
[Qqualmin] of the cell, the inter-frequency cell reselection procedure will be started.
Recommended value: None.
Set this parameter through ADD CELLSELRESEL, query it through LST CELLSELRESEL, and
modify it through MOD CELLSELRESEL.
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Page25Copyright © 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Parameters of Measurement Start Criteria
SSEARCHRAT
Parameter name: Inter-RAT cell reselection threshold
Recommended value: None
SSEARCHRAT
Parameter name: Inter-RAT cell reselection threshold
Value range: {{-16~10},{127}} . Physical value range: -32~20; step: 2.
Physical unit: dB.
Content: A threshold for inter-RAT cell reselection. When the quality (CPICH Ec/No
measured by UE) of the serving cell is lower than this threshold plus the [Qqualmin] of the
cell, the inter-RAT cell reselection procedure will be started.
Recommended value: None.
Set this parameter through ADD CELLSELRESEL, query it through LST CELLSELRESEL, and
modify it through MOD CELLSELRESEL.
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Measurement Start Criteria Description
The intra-frequency, inter-frequency, and inter-RAT measurement criteria are as shown in the figure.
Usually, Sintrasearch > Sintersearch > SsearchRATm
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Page27Copyright © 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Cell Reselection Criteria
Criterion R is used for intra-frequency, inter-frequency cells and
inter-RAT cell reselection.
The cell-ranking criterion R is defined by :
nsoffset nmeasn QQ R
,, −=
hystssmeass QQ R += ,
The cells are ranked according to R criteria specified above ,deriving QQmeas,nmeas,n and QQmeas,smeas,s and
calculating R value.
In Rs, s means serving cell. In Rn, n means neighbor cell. The offset Qoffset1s,n is used for Qoffsets,n to calculate Rn. The hysteresis Qhyst1s is used for
Qhysts to calculate Rs.
If a TDD or GSM cell is ranked as the best cell, the UE shall reselect that TDD or GSM cell.
If an FDD cell is ranked as the best cell and the quality measure for cell selection and reselection is
set to CPICH RSCP, the UE shall reselect that FDD cell.
If an FDD cell is ranked as the best cell and the quality measure for cell selection and reselection is
set to CPICH Ec/N0, the UE shall perform a second ranking of the FDD cells according to the R
criteria specified above.
In this case, however, the UE uses the measurement quantity CPICH Ec/N0 for deriving the Qmeas,n
and Qmeas,s and then calculating the R values of the FDD cells. The offset Qoffset2s,n is used forQoffsets,n to calculate Rn, the hysteresis Qhyst2s is used for Qhysts to calculate Rs.
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Hysteresis and Time Interval
TimeTreselection
Quality
Rn
Rs
Qmeas,n
Qmeas,s
Qhyst,s
Qoffsets,n
In all the previous cases, the UE can reselect a new cell only when the following conditions are met:
The new cell is better ranked than the serving cell during a time interval Treselection.
More than one second has elapsed since the UE camped on the current serving cell.
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Page30Copyright © 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Parameters of R Criteria (Cont.)
IDLEQHYST2S
Parameter name: Hysteresis 2 for idle mode
Recommended value: Qhyst1s for idle mode
CONNQHYST2S
Parameter name: Hysteresis 2 for connected mode
Recommended value: Qhyst1s for connected mode.
IDLEQHYST2S
Parameter name: Hysteresis 2 for idle mode
Value range: {{0~20},{255}} .
Physical value range: 0~40; step: 2.
Physical unit: dB.
Content: The hysteresis value in idle mode for serving FDD cells in case the quality measurement for
cell selection and reselection is set to CPICH Ec/No. It is related to the slow fading feature of the area
where the cell is located. The greater the slow fading variance is, the greater this parameter. It is
optional. If it is not configured, [Hysteresis 1] will be adopted as the value.
Recommended value: Qhyst1s for idle mode .
Set this parameter through ADD CELLSELRESEL, query it through LST CELLSELRESEL, and modify it
through MOD CELLSELRESEL.
CONNQHYST2S
Parameter name: Hysteresis 2 for connected mode
Value range: {{0~20},{255}} .
Physical value range: 0~40; step: 2.
Physical unit: dB.
Content: The hysteresis value in connect mode for serving FDD cells in case the quality measurement
for cell selection and reselection is set to CPICH RSCP. It is related to the slow fading feature of the
area where the cell is located. The greater the slow fading variance is, the greater this parameter.
Recommended value: Qhyst1s for connected mode. .
Set this parameter through ADD CELLSELRESEL, query it through LST CELLSELRESEL, and modify it
through MOD CELLSELRESEL.
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Parameters of R Criteria (Cont.)
TRESELECTIONS
Parameter name: Reselection delay time
Recommended value: 1, namely 1s.
TRESELECTIONS
Parameter name: Reselection delay time
Value range: 0~31 . Physical value range: 0~31; step: 1.
Physical unit: s.
Content: If the signal quality of a neighboring cell is better than the serving cell during the
specified time of this parameter, the UE will reselect the neighboring cell. It is used to avoid
ping-pong reselection between different cells. Note: The value 0 corresponds to the default
value defined in the protocol.
Recommended value: 1.
Set this parameter through ADD CELLSELRESEL, query it through LST CELLSELRESEL, and
modify it through MOD CELLSELRESEL.
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Parameters of R Criteria (Cont.)
IDLEQOFFSET1SN
Parameter name: IdleQoffset1sn
Recommended value: 0, namely 0dB.
CONNQOFFSET1SN
Parameter name: ConnQoffset1sn
Recommended value: 0, namely 0dB.
IDLEQOFFSET1SN
Parameter name: IdleQoffset1sn
Offset of cell CPICH RSCP measurement value in cell selection or reselection when the UE is in idle
mode
Value range: -50 to +50 .
Physical value range: -50 to +50; step: 1.
Physical unit: dB.
Content: This parameter is used for moving the border of a cell. The larger the value of this
parameter, the lower the probability of neighboring cell selection.
Recommended value: 0.
Set this parameter through ADD INTRAFREQNCELL / ADD INTERFREQNCELL, query it through LST
INTRAFREQNCELL / LST INTERFREQNCELL, and modify it through MOD INTRAFREQNCELL / MOD
INTERFREQNCELL.
CONNQOFFSET1SN
Parameter name: ConnQoffset1sn
Offset of cell CPICH RSCP measurement value in cell selection or reselection when the UE is in
connected mode
Value range: -50 to +50 .
Physical value range: -50 to +50 ; step: 1.
Physical unit: dB.
Content: This parameter is used for moving the border of a cell. The larger the value of this
parameter, the lower the probability of neighboring cell selection.
Recommended value: 0.
Set this parameter through ADD INTRAFREQNCELL / ADD INTERFREQNCELL, query it through LST
INTRAFREQNCELL / LST INTERFREQNCELL, and modify it through MOD INTRAFREQNCELL / MOD
INTERFREQNCELL.
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Parameters of R Criteria (Cont.)
IDLEQOFFSET2SN
Parameter name: IdleQoffset2sn
Recommended value: 0, namely 0dB.
CONNQOFFSET2SN
Parameter name: ConnQoffset2sn
Recommended value: 0, namely 0dB.
IDLEQOFFSET2SN
Parameter name: IdleQoffset2sn
Offset of cell CPICH Ec/No measurement value in cell selection or reselection when the UE is in idle
mode
Value range: -50 to +50 .
Physical value range: -50 to +50; step: 1.
Physical unit: dB.
Content: This parameter is used for moving the border of a cell. The larger the value of this
parameter, the lower the probability of neighboring cell selection.
Recommended value: 0.
Set this parameter through ADD INTRAFREQNCELL / ADD INTERFREQNCELL, query it through LST
INTRAFREQNCELL / LST INTERFREQNCELL, and modify it through MOD INTRAFREQNCELL / MOD
INTERFREQNCELL.
CONNQOFFSET2SN
Parameter name: ConnQoffset2sn
Offset of cell CPICH RSCP measurement value in cell selection or reselection when the UE is in
connected mode
Value range: -50 to +50 .
Physical value range: -50 to +50 ; step: 1.
Physical unit: dB.
Content: This parameter is used for moving the border of a cell. The larger the value of this
parameter, the lower the probability of neighboring cell selection.
Recommended value: 0.
Set this parameter through ADD INTRAFREQNCELL / ADD INTERFREQNCELL, query it through LST
INTRAFREQNCELL / LST INTERFREQNCELL, and modify it through MOD INTRAFREQNCELL / MOD
INTERFREQNCELL.
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Page34Copyright © 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Contents
1. PLMN Selection
2. System Information Reception
3. Cell Selection and Reselection
4. Location Registration
5. Paging Procedure
6. Access Procedure
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Page35Copyright © 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Location Registration
The location registration includes:
Location update (for non-GPRS)
Route update (for GPRS)
The location registration is used for the PLMN to trace the current status of the UE and to ensure
that the UE is connected with the network when the UE does not perform any operation for a long
period.
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Page36Copyright © 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Periodic Location Registration
Periodic location registration is controlled by a Periodic
Location Update timer (T3212) or a Periodic Routing Area
Update timer (T3312)
Periodic location registration may be used to periodically notify the network of the availability of the
UE.
T3212 is for non-GPRS operation T3312 is for GPRS operation
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Parameters of Location Registration
T3212
Parameter name: Periodical location update timer [6min]
Recommended value: 10, namely 60min
ATT
Parameter name: Attach/detach indication
Recommended value: ALLOWED
T3212
Parameter name: Periodical location update timer [6min]
Value range: 0~255. Physical unit: 6 min.
Content: This parameter indicates the time length of the periodical location update.
Periodical location update is implemented by MS through the location update procedure. 0:
The periodical update procedure is not used. This parameter is valid only when [CN domain
ID] is set as CS_DOMAIN.
Recommended value: 10.
Set this parameter through ADD CNDOMAIN, query it through LST CNDOMAIN, modify it
through MOD CNDOMAIN.
ATT
Parameter name: Attach/detach indication Value range: NOT_ALLOWED, ALLOWED .
Content: NOT_ALLOWED indicates that MS cannot apply the IMSI attach/detach procedure.
ALLOWED indicates that MS can apply the IMSI attach/detach procedure. This parameter is
valid only when [CN domain ID] is set as CS_DOMAIN.
Recommended value: ALLOWED.
Set this parameter through ADD CNDOMAIN, query it through LST CNDOMAIN, modify it
through MOD CNDOMAIN.
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Page38Copyright © 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Contents
1. PLMN Selection
2. System Information Reception
3. Cell Selection and Reselection
4. Location Registration
5. Paging Procedure
6. Access Procedure
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Page39Copyright © 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Paging Initiation
CN initiated paging
Establish a signaling connection
UTRAN initiated paging
Trigger the cell update procedure
Trigger reading of updated system information
For CN originated paging:
In order to request UTRAN connect to UE, CN initiates the paging procedure, transmits
paging message to the UTRAN through Iu interface, and UTRAN transmits the pagingmessage from CN to UE through the paging procedure on Uu interface, which will make
the UE initiate a signaling connection setup process with the CN.
For UTRAN originated paging:
When the cell system message is updated: When system messages change, the UTRAN will
trigger paging process in order to inform UE in the idle, CELL_PCH or URA_PCH state to
carry out the system message update, so that the UE can read the updated system message.
UE state transition: In order to trigger UE in the CELL_PCH or URA_PCH state to carry out
state transition (for example, transition to the CELL_FACH state), the UTRAN will perform a
paging process. Meanwhile, the UE will initiate a cell update or URA update process, as a
reply to the paging.
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Paging Type 1
If UE is in CELL_PCH,URA_PCH or IDLE state,the paging
message will be transmitted on PCCH with paging type 1
CN RNC1 RNC2 NODEB1.1 NODEB2.1 UE
RANAPRANAP
RANAP RANAP
PCCH: PAGING TYPE 1
PAGING
PAGING
PCCH: PAGING TYPE 1
Paging type 1:
The message is transmitted in one LA or RA according to LAI or RAI.
After calculating the paging time, the paging message will be transmitted at that time If UE is in CELL_PCH or URA_PCH state, the UTRAN transmits the paging information in
PAGING TYPE 1 message to UE. After received paging message, UE performs a cell update
procedure to transit state to CELL_FACH.
As shown in the above figure, the CN initiates paging in a location area (LA), which is covered by
two RNCs. After receiving a paging message, the RNC searches all the cells corresponding to the LAI,
and then calculates the paging time, at which it will send the PAGING TYPE 1 message to these cells
through the PCCH.
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Page41Copyright © 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Paging Type 2
If UE is in CELL_DCH or CELL_FACH state,the paging message
will be transmitted on DCCH with paging type 2
CN SRNC UE
RANAPRANAP
PAGING
RRCRRC
DCCH: PAGING TYPE 2
Paging type 2:
If UE is in CELL_DCH or CELL_FACH state,the paging message will be transmitted on
DCCH with paging type 2 The message will be only transmitted in a cell
As shown in the above figure, if the UE is in the CELL_-DCH or CELL_FACH state, the UTRAN will
immediately transmit PAGING TYPE 2 message to the paged UE on DCCH channel.
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Page42Copyright © 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Typical Call Flow of UE UE NAS UE AS NS S MS C
paging
AU TH EN TIC AT IO N RE QU ES T
AU TH EN TIC AT IO N RE SP ON SE
RR_SECURITY_CONTROL_REQ
(IK CK)
Security mode control
SETUP
CALL CONFIRM
AL ER T
CONNECT
CONNECT ACKNOWLEDGE
RAB setup process
paging
RR_EST_REQ (PAGING RESPONSE)
RR_PAING_IND
INITIAL_DIRECT_TRANSFER
(PAGING RESPONSE)
RANAPRANAP
RRC setup process
Many problems will cause the target UE cannot receive the paging message properly
Power setting of paging channel is unreasonable.
Unreasonable paging strategies will result in paging channel congestion, which can causepaging message loss.
Paging parameter is unreasonable
Equipment fault
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Page43Copyright © 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
DRX Procedure
UE receives the paging indicator on PICH periodically, that is
the Discontinuous Reception (DRX)
The value for the DRX paging cycle length is determined as
follows: :
DRX Cycle Length= MAX (2k, PBP) frames
In idle mode, the UE can monitor the paging in two modes: one is to decode SCCPCH directly every
10ms, the other is to decode the PICH periodically. The second one is the DRX, which is
Discontinuous Reception Mechanism. The paging period formula:
DRX Cycle Length= MAX(2k, PBP) frames
K is the “CN domain specific DRX cycle length coefficient”, which is broadcasted in SIB1.
The typical value is 6.
PBP is Paging Block Periodicity , which is 1 for FDD mode
The paging period should be 640ms if K is 6
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Page44Copyright © 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
DRX Procedure (Cont.)
Through DRX, UE only listens to PICH at certain predefined time.
And UE will read the paging information on SCCPCH if the
paging indicator is 1.
The value of the Paging Occasion is determined as follows:
Paging Occasion (CELL SFN) =
{(IMSI div K) mod (DRX cycle length div PBP)} * PBP
+ n * DRX cycle length + Frame Offset
Paging SFN formula:
Paging Occasion (CELL SFN) = {(IMSI mod K) mod (DRX cycle length div PBP)} *PBP + n
*DRX cycle length + Frame Offset n =0, 1, 2……and the requirement is the calculated CELL SFN must be below its maximum
value 4096
Frame Offset is 0 for FDD mode
K is the number of SCCPCH which carries PCH, and the typical value is 1
The formula cloud be simplified as: SFN = IMSI mod (2^K) + n * (2^K)
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Page45Copyright © 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
DRX Procedure (Cont.)
In FDD the UE shall monitor its paging indicator in the PICH
frame with SFN given by the Paging Occasion
The Page Indicator to use is calculated by using the following
formula:
PI = (IMSI div 8192) mod NP
SFN is the paging occasion of the UE
As shown in the followed figure, the UE needs to monitor the frames (paging occasions) indicated
by the red dots, and then decodes the qth PI of this frame. (The qth PI is obtained based on theabove formula).
If the UE has no IMSI, for instance when making an emergency call without USIM, the UE shall use
as default numbers, IMSI = 0 and DRX cycle length = 256 (2.56 s), in the formulas above.
。。。
0
2^K-1
04095
。。。
P I P I P I P I。。。。。。
0 1 q NP-1
One DRX cycle
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Page46Copyright © 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
DRX Procedure (Cont.)
τPICH
Associated S-CCPCH frame
PICH frame containing paging indicator
Time offset between PICH and S-CCPCH
The timing relationship between PICH and S-CCPCH is defined by the above figure, and the
interval is 3 slots duration (2ms, 7680 chips).
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Parameters of DRX
DRXCYCLELENCOEF
Parameter name: DRX cycle length coefficient
Recommended value: 6
PICHMODE
Parameter name: PICH mode
Recommended value: V36.
DRXCYCLELENCOEF
Parameter name: DRX cycle length coefficient
Value range: 6~9 . Content: This parameter is broadcasted on SIB1. This parameter is used when a UE is in idle
mode.
Recommended value: 6.
Set this parameter through ADD CNDOMAIN, query it through LST CNDOMAIN, and
modify it through MOD CNDOMAIN.
PICHMODE
Parameter name: PICH mode
Value range: V18, V36, V72, V144 .
Physical value range: 18, 36, 72, 144 .
Content: Indicating the number of PIs contained in each frame on the PICH.
Recommended value: V36 .
Set this parameter through ADD PICH, query it through LST PICH.
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Page48Copyright © 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Parameters of DRX
MACCPAGEREPEAT
Parameter name: Number of page re-TX
Recommended value: 1
MACCPAGEREPEAT
Parameter name: Number of page re-TX
Number of retransmissions of paging message Value range: 0~2 .
Content: If the number of retransmissions of paging message exceeds this parameter value,
retransmissions stop.
Recommended value: 1.
Set this parameter through SET DPUCFGDATA, query it through LST DPUCFGDATA.
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Page49Copyright © 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Contents
1. PLMN Selection
2. System Information Reception
3. Cell Selection and Reselection
4. Location Registration
5. Paging Procedure
6. Access Procedure
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Page50Copyright © 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Two Working Mode of UE
Idle mode
After turning on, UE will stay in idle mode
Connected mode
UE will switch to connected mode which could be CELL_FACH
state or CELL_DCH state from the idle mode
After releasing RRC connection, UE will switch to the idle mode
from the connected mode
The most important difference between idle mode and connected mode is whether UE has RRC
connection with UTRAN or not.
In idle mode, UE will be identified by IMSI, TMSI or PTMSI and so on. In connected mode, UE will be identified by URNTI (UTRAN Radio Network Temporary Identity),
which is the ID of one RRC connection.
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Page51Copyright © 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Random Access Procedure
Definition
Random access procedure is initiated by UE in order to get service
from the system. Meanwhile, the access channels are allocated to
the UE by system
This process may happen in the following scenarios:
Attach and detach
LA update and RA update Signaling connection for services
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Page52Copyright © 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Random Access Channel
AICH accessslots
10 ms
#0 #1 #2 #3 #14#13#12#11#10#9#8#7#6#5#4τp-a
#0 #1 #2 #3 #14#13#12#11#10#9#8#7#6#5#4
PRACHaccess slots
SFN mod 2 = 0 SFN mod 2 = 1
10 ms
Access slot set 1 Access slot set 2
Definition
UE will transmit the preamble at the access time slot
Each 20ms access frame is composed of two 10ms radio frames, which is divided into 15 access
time slot, and 5120 chips for each slot The PRACH access slots, AICH access slots and their time offset are showed in the above figure
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Page53Copyright © 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
RACH Sub-Channels
1413121110987
210765436
1413121110985
543210764
8141312111093
765432102
1110981413121
765432100
11109876543210
Random access sub-channels numberSFN mod8
The access slots of different RACH sub-channels are illustrated by thefollowing table
A RACH sub-channel defines a sub-set of the total set of uplink access slots. There are a total of 12
RACH sub-channels.
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Page54Copyright © 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Access Service Class
The PRACH resources can be classified into several ASCs, so as
to provide RACH applications with different priorities.
For Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) mode, the PRACH resources include access timeslots and
preamble signatures, which can be classified into several ASCs, so as to provide RACH applications
with different priorities. The ASCs range from 0 to 7, and the quantity of ASCs is 8. "0" indicates the highest priority and "7"
indicates the lowest priority.
The system will assign random access sub-channels and signatures according to the ASC (Access
Service Class ) of UE.
Set ASC of PRACH through ADD PRACHASC, modify it through MOD PRACHASC, and remove it
through RMV PRACHASC.
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Page55Copyright © 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Access Control
“Access Control” is used by network operators to prevent
overload of radio access channels under critical conditions.
Access class 0~Access Class 9
Access class 11~Access Class 15
Access class 10
The access class number is stored in the SIM/USIM.
Access class 0~9 are allocated to all the users. And the 10 classes show the same priority.
Access class 11~15 are allocated to specific high priority users as follows. (The enumeration is notmeant as a priority sequence):
Access class 15: PLMN staff
Access class 14: users subscribing to emergency services
Access class 13: public organizations
Access class 12: users subscribing to security services
Access class 11: users responsible for PLMN management
Access Class 10 indicates whether or not network access for Emergency Calls is allowed for UEs
with access classes 0 to 9 or without an IMSI. For UEs with access classes 11 to 15, Emergency Calls
are not allowed if both "Access class 10" and the relevant Access Class (11 to 15) are barred.
Otherwise, Emergency Calls are allowed.
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START
Choose a RACH sub channel from
available ones
Get available signatures
Set Preamble Retrans Max
Set Preamble_Initial_Power
Send a preamble
Check the corresponding AI
Increase message part power by
p-m based on preamble power
Set phys ical status to be RACH
message transmitted Set phys ical status to be Nackon AICH received
Choose a access slot again
Counter> 0 & Preamble
power-maximum allowed power
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Physical random access procedure
1. Derive the available uplink access slots, in the next full access slot set, for the set of
available RACH sub-channels within the given ASC. Randomly select one access slot among
the ones previously determined. If there is no access slot available in the selected set,
randomly select one uplink access slot corresponding to the set of available RACH sub-channels within the given ASC from the next access slot set. The random function shall be
such that each of the allowed selections is chosen with equal probability
2. Randomly select a signature from the set of available signatures within the given ASC
3. Set the Preamble Retransmission Counter to Preamble_ Retrans_ Max
4. Set the parameter Commanded Preamble Power to Preamble_Initial_Power
5. Transmit a preamble using the selected uplink access slot, signature, and preamble
transmission power
6. If no positive or negative acquisition indicator (AI ≠ +1 nor –1) corresponding to the
selected signature is detected in the downlink access slot corresponding to the selected
uplink access slot: A: Select the next available access slot in the set of available RACH sub-channels
within the given ASC
B: select a signature
C: Increase the Commanded Preamble Power
D: Decrease the Preamble Retransmission Counter by one. If the Preamble
Retransmission Counter > 0 then repeat from step 6. Otherwise exit the physical
random access procedure
7. If a negative acquisition indicator corresponding to the selected signature is detected in
the downlink access slot corresponding to the selected uplink access slot, exit the physical
random access procedure Signature 8. If a positive acquisition indicator corresponding to the selected signature is detected ,
Transmit the random access message three or four uplink access slots after the uplink
access slot of the last transmitted preamble
9. Exit the physical random access procedure
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N-60
Page60Copyright © 2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
UE Timers and Constants in Idle Mode
T300
Parameter name: Timer 300 [ms]
Recommended value: D2000, namely 2000ms
N300
Parameter name: Constant 300
Recommended value: 3
T300
Parameter name: Timer 300[ms]
Value range: D100, D200, D400, D600, D800, D1000, D1200, D1400, D1600, D1800,D2000, D3000, D4000, D6000, D8000 .
Physical value range: 100, 200, 400, 600, 800, 1000, 1200, 1400, 1600, 1800, 2000, 3000,
4000, 6000, 8000
Physical unit: ms
Content: T300 is started after the UE transmits the RRC CONNECTION REQUEST message
and stopped after the UE receives the RRC CONNECTION SETUP message. RRC
CONNECTION REQUEST resents upon the expiry of the timer if V300 less than or equal to
N300. Otherwise, the UE enters idle mode.
Recommended value: D2000.
Set this parameter through SET IDLEMODETIMER, query it through LST IDLEMODETIMER. N300
Parameter name: Constant 300
Value range: 0~7 .
Content: Maximum number of retransmission of RRC CONNECTION REQUEST .
Recommended value: 3.
Set this parameter through SET IDLEMODETIMER, query it through LST IDLEMODETIMER.
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UE Timers and Constants in Idle Mode
T312
Parameter name: Timer 312 [s]
Recommended value: 6, namely 6s
N312
Parameter name: Constant 312
Recommended value: D1, namely 1
T312
Parameter name: Timer 312[s]
Value range: 1~15 . Physical value range: 1~15s
Physical unit: s
Content: T312 is started after the UE starts to establish a DCH and stopped when the UE
detects N312 consecutive "in sync" indications from L1. It indicates physical channel setup
failure upon the expiry of the timer.
Recommended value: 6.
Set this parameter through SET IDLEMODETIMER, query it through LST IDLEMODETIMER.
N312
Parameter name: Constant 312
Value range: D1, D2, D4, D10, D20, D50, D100, D200, D400, D600, D800, D1000 .
Physical value range: 1, 2, 4, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, 400, 600, 800, 1000
Content: Maximum number of consecutive "in sync" indications received from L1. .
Recommended value: D1.
Set this parameter through SET IDLEMODETIMER, query it through LST IDLEMODETIMER.
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RRC Connection Establish Channel Typeand Bit Rate
RRCCAUSE
Parameter name: Cause of RRC connection establishment
Recommended value: none
SIGCHTYPE
Parameter name: Channel type for RRC establishment
Recommended value: none
RRCCAUSE
Parameter name: Cause of RRC connection establishment
Value range: ORIGCONVCALLEST, ORIGSTREAMCALLEST, ORIGINTERCALLEST,ORIGBKGCALLEST, ORIGSUBSTRAFFCALLEST, TERMCONVCALLEST, TERMSTREAMCALLEST,
TERMINTERCALLEST, TERMBKGCALLEST, EMERGCALLEST, INTERRATCELLRESELEST,
INTERRATCELLCHGORDEREST, REGISTEST, DETACHEST, ORIGHIGHPRIORSIGEST,
ORIGLOWPRIORSIGEST, CALLREEST, TERMHIGHPRIORSIGEST, TERMLOWPRIORSIGEST,
TERMCAUSEUNKNOWN, DEFAULTEST.
Content: The cause of Rrc connection establishment. .
Recommended value: none.
Set this parameter through SET RRCESTCAUSE, query it through LST RRCESTCAUSE.
SIGCHTYPE
Parameter name: Channel type for RRC establishment Value range: FACH, DCH_3.4K_SIGNALLING, DCH_13.6K_SIGNALLING.
Content: FACH indicates that the RRC is established on the common channel.
DCH_3.4K_SIGNALLING indicates that the RRC is established on the dedicated channel of
3.4 kbit/s. DCH_13.6K_SIGNALLING indicates that the RRC is established on the dedicated
channel of 13.6 kbit/s. .
Recommended value: none.
Set this parameter through SET RRCESTCAUSE, query it through LST RRCESTCAUSE.
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RRC Connection Establish Channel Typeand Bit Rate
INTRAMEASCTRL
Parameter name: IntraMeas Ctrl Ind for RRC establishment
Recommended value: SUPPORT
INTRAMEASCTRL
Parameter name: IntraMeas Ctrl Ind for RRC establishment
Value range: NOT_SUPPORT, SUPPORT. Content: NOT_SUPPORT indicates that the Intrafreq measurement control message will be
send in RRC Connection Establishment. SUPPORT indicates that the Intrafreq measurement
control will not be send in RRC Connection Establishment.
Recommended value: SUPPORT .
Set this parameter through SET RRCESTCAUSE, query it through LST RRCESTCAUSE.
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