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2005-06 National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3)
Key Findings
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NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Contents1. About NFHS-3
2. Household and individual characteristics
3. Fertility, marriage and family planning
4. Maternal health
5. Immunization and child health care
6. Nutritional status
7. HIV knowledge, behaviour and prevalence
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NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Overview
NFHS-3 is the third in the NFHS series of NFHS-3 is the third in the NFHS series of
surveys, preceded by NFHS-1 in 1992-93 surveys, preceded by NFHS-1 in 1992-93
and NFHS-2 in 1998-99and NFHS-2 in 1998-99
NFHS surveys are conducted under the NFHS surveys are conducted under the
stewardship of MoHFWstewardship of MoHFW
IIPS is the nodal agency for the National IIPS is the nodal agency for the National
Family Health SurveysFamily Health Surveys
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NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Contd.…Contd.…
NFHS-3 is funded by USAID, DFID, the Bill and NFHS-3 is funded by USAID, DFID, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, UNICEF, and UNFPA Melinda Gates Foundation, UNICEF, and UNFPA
Macro International provided technical assistance to Macro International provided technical assistance to NFHS-3NFHS-3
NACO and NARI provided assistance for the HIV NACO and NARI provided assistance for the HIV componentcomponent
NFHS-3 fieldwork was carried out by 18 Research NFHS-3 fieldwork was carried out by 18 Research Organizations including some Population Research Organizations including some Population Research CentresCentres
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NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Scope of NFHS-3 All 29 states are covered Slum and non-slum areas of eight
cities, i.e. Chennai, Delhi, Hyderabad, Indore, Kolkata, Meerut, Mumbai, Nagpur
Interviews were conducted with
Women age 15-49
Men age 15-54
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NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Biomarkers Measured in NFHS-3
Height and weight Haemoglobin content in the blood
to measure anaemia Collection of blood samples for
HIV testing
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NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
NFHS-3 Sample from 29 states
Number Number InterviewedInterviewed
Response Response RateRate
HouseholdsHouseholds 109,041109,041 97.797.7
Women (age 15-49)Women (age 15-49) 124,385124,385 94.594.5
Men (age 15-54)Men (age 15-54) 74,36974,369 87.187.1
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NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Contents1. About NFHS-3
2. Household and Individual Characteristics
3. Fertility, Marriage and Family Planning
4. Maternal Health
5. Immunization and Child Health
6. Nutritional Status of Children and Adults
7. HIV Knowledge, Behaviour and Prevalence
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NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Selected Household Characteristics
93
51
83
56
12
26
25
68
45
Electricity
Piped water
Any toilet facility
Urban Rural Total
Percent of households
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NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Media Exposure
Percent with exposure to TV, radio, or newspaper at least once in a week
6555
87 9382
75
Urban Rural Total
Women age 15-49 Men age 15-49
73% of urban households and 30% of 73% of urban households and 30% of rural households possess a TVrural households possess a TV
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NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
EducationPercent distribution of men and women age 15-49 by
highest level of education
41
18
23
27
14
20 35
22Women
Men
No education
< 8 yearscomplete
8-9 yearscomplete
10 yearscomplete andabove
NFHS-3 shows that even among those NFHS-3 shows that even among those in the age group 15-19, only 89% of men in the age group 15-19, only 89% of men
and 74% of women are literateand 74% of women are literate
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NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Distribution of Households by Wealth Distribution of Households by Wealth Index and ResidenceIndex and Residence
28
3
26
6
23
14
16
19
7
48
Rural
Urban
Lowest Second Middle Fourth Highest
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NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Distribution of Households by Wealth Distribution of Households by Wealth Index and CasteIndex and Caste
50
2818
10
24
25
22
14
13
21
23
17
8
17
21
24
5 1016
36
ST SC OBC Other
Lowest Second Middle Fourth Highest
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NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Proportion of Households in the Proportion of Households in the Highest Two Wealth Quintiles by StateHighest Two Wealth Quintiles by State
8983
78 7772
66 6560 59 57 57 55
4944 43 43 41 40 40
3633 32 30
27 26 24 24 23 2319
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
DL KEGO PJ
MZ
HP SK GJHR
MH UT JK M
N TN KA AP NGM
GIn
dia RJAR
WB UP AS
MP BH JH OR TR CH
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NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Contents1. About NFHS-3
2. Household and Individual Characteristics
3. Fertility, Marriage and Family Planning
4. Maternal Health
5. Immunization and Child Health
6. Nutritional Status of Children and Adults
7. HIV Knowledge, Behaviour and Prevalence
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NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Total Fertility RateTotal Fertility Rate
3.4
2.92.7
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
NFHS-1 NFHS-2 NFHS-3
2.1
3.0
2.7
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
NFHS-3
Urban Rural Total
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NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
4550
54
28
53
NFHS-1 NFHS-2 Total Urban Rural
Marital StatusPercent of women age 20-24 married by age 18
NFHS-3
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NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Current Contraceptive Use by Method
56 49
37
1 532
Any method
Any modern method
Female sterilization
Male sterilizatio
nIUD Pill
Condom
Percent of currently married women age 15-49
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NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Desire for No More Children among Women with 2 Children
908372
8876
66 61
4737
NFHS-1 NFHS-2 NFHS-3
2 sons 1 son and 1 daughter 2 daughters
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NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Contents1. About NFHS-3
2. Household and individual characteristics
3. Fertility, Marriage and Family Planning
4. Maternal health care
5. Immunization and child health care
6. Nutritional status of children and adults
7. HIV knowledge, behaviour and Prevalence
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NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Trends in Antenatal Care Percent of women who had any ANC*
84
6559
86
6660
77
91
72
Urban Rural Total
NFHS-1 NFHS-2 NFHS-3
* For last births in the past 3 years
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NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
35
61
75
29
19
44
23
37
52
3+ ANC IFA for 90+ days Postnatal carewithin 2 days
Urban Rural Total
Maternity Care(for most recent birth in the last 5 years)
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NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
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NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Contents1. About NFHS-3
2. Household and Individual characteristics
3. Fertility, Marriage and Family Planning
4. Maternal Health
5. Immunization and Child Health
6. Nutritional Status of Children and Adults
7. HIV Knowledge, Behaviour and Prevalence
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NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Infant Mortality Rate
7985
56
6873
47
5762
42
Urban Rural Total
NFHS-1 NFHS-2 NFHS-3
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NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Infant Mortality Rates
611
27
64
7965
5757
India
LDCM
DC
Bangla
desh
Pakis
tan
Nepal
Sri Lan
ka
China
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NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Child Immunization Trends
62
54
52
42
35
72
63
55
51
42
78
78
55
59
44
BCG
Polio3
DPT3
Measles
All Vaccines
NFHS-1 NFHS-2 NFHS-3
Percent of children age 12-23 months vaccinated
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NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
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NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Contents1. About NFHS-3
2. Household and individual characteristics
3. Fertility and its determinants
4. Maternal health care
5. Immunization and child health care
6. Nutritional status of children and adults
7. HIV knowledge, behaviour and Prevalence
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NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Trends in Child Nutritional Status
40
23
45 43
20
51
UnderweightWastedStunted
NFHS-3 NFHS-2
Percent of children age under 3 years
(Low height for age)
(Low weight for height)
(Low weight for age)
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NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
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NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Anaemia among Children
8174 72
79
NFHS-2 NFHS-3 Urban Rural
Percent of children 6-35 months with anaemia
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Prime Minister’s Letter to Chief Ministers of Every State
“A number of reports and surveys, including the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3) …seem to indicate a noticeable decline in the qualitative aspects of the [ICDS] programme. There is strong evidence that the programme has not led to any substantial improvement in the nutritional status of children under six. Our prevalent rate of under-nutrition in this age
group remains one of the highest in the world”
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NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
How Many Children Receive How Many Children Receive Services from an AWC?Services from an AWC?
3326 23
20 18 16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Any se
rvice
Supp
lem
entary
food
Pre-sc
hool
Imm
unizations
Gro
wth m
onito
ring
Health
chec
k-up
s
Percent of age-eligible children in areas with an AWC
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NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Body Mass Index (BMI)Body Mass Index (BMI)
● The BMI is defined as weight in kilograms divided by The BMI is defined as weight in kilograms divided by height in metres squared (kg/m2). height in metres squared (kg/m2).
● A cut-off point of 18.5 is used to define thinness or acute A cut-off point of 18.5 is used to define thinness or acute undernutrition and a BMI of 25 or above indicates undernutrition and a BMI of 25 or above indicates overweight or obesity. A BMI of 17.0-18.4 refers to mildly overweight or obesity. A BMI of 17.0-18.4 refers to mildly thin and <17.0, refers to moderately/severely thin. A BMI thin and <17.0, refers to moderately/severely thin. A BMI of over 30.0 refers to obesity.of over 30.0 refers to obesity.
● The BMI data discussed excludes women who were The BMI data discussed excludes women who were pregnant at the time of the survey and women who gave pregnant at the time of the survey and women who gave birth during the two months preceding the survey.birth during the two months preceding the survey.
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NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Nutritional Status of Adults
34
9
24
13
55
36
BMI below normal Overweight/ Obese Anaemic
Women Men
Percent of women and men age 15-49
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NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Malnutrition of Women by Malnutrition of Women by Residence and EducationResidence and Education
36
13
25
24
41
7
42
7
35
13
35
14
25
21
36
11
05
101520253035404550
Total
Urban
Rural
No educa
tion
<8 yea
rs
8-9
year
s
10+ y
ears
NFHS-2 to
tal
Underweight Overweight
Percent of women age 15-49
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NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Malnutrition of Men by Malnutrition of Men by Residence and EducationResidence and Education
34
8
27
14
38
5
40
3
38
5
40
6
25
14
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Total
Urban
Rural
No educa
tion
<8 ye
ars
8-9
year
s
10+ y
ears
Overweight
Underweight
Percent of men age 15-49
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NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
334309
554526
445418
Women Men Total
Any Medically treated
NFHS-3, 2005-06
Per 100,000 persons
Since NFHS-2, reported TB has declined by 18%, but the level of medically treated TB has not changed
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NFHS-3, India, 2005-06NFHS-3, 2005-06
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NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
7
50
13
61
11
57
Urban Rural Total
Women Men
NFHS-3, 2005-06
(Percentage)
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NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
1
31
3
33
2
32
Urban Rural Total
Women Men
NFHS-3, 2005-06
(Percentage)
Alcohol use by women is rare.
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NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Spousal Violence: The most common Spousal Violence: The most common form of violence against married womenform of violence against married women
37 35
1016
2724
21
711
40
Physical,sexual, oremotionalviolence
Physical orsexual violence
Physicalviolence
Sexualviolence
Emotionalviolence
Ever In the past 12 months
Percent of ever-married women age 15-49
Only 1% of married womenOnly 1% of married women have ever have ever initiatedinitiated violence violence
against their husband. against their husband.
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NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Spousal Violence by StateSpousal Violence by State
6
1315 15 16 16 16 17
2022
2527 28 28
30 31
3537 37 38 39 40 40
42 4244 44
46 46
59
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
HP
JK MG
NG
SK
DL
KE
GO KA
MZ
PJ
HR
GJ
UT
CH
MH AP
JH
Ind
ia
OR
AR
AS
WB
TN
UP
MN
TR
MP
RJ
BH
Percent of ever-married women
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NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
What other factors are strongly associated What other factors are strongly associated
with the likelihood of spousal violence?with the likelihood of spousal violence?
60
69
49
47
30
30
Yes
No
RESPONDENT'S FATHER BEATHER MOTHER
Gets drunk very often
Gets drunk sometimes
Drinks, does not get drunk
Never drinks
HUSBAND'S ALCOHOLCONSUMPTION
Percent of ever-married women
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NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Injuries Due to Spousal ViolenceInjuries Due to Spousal Violence
38
36
2
9
7
Any of these injuries
Cuts, bruises, or aches
Severe burns
Eye injuries, sprains,dislocations, or burns
Wounds, broken bones/teeth,other serious injury
Percent of women who have experienced spousal violence who had:
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NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Contents1. About NFHS-3
2. Household and individual characteristics
3. Fertility, Marriage and Family Planning
4. Maternal health care
5. Immunization and child health care
6. Nutritional status of children and adults
7. HIV knowledge, behaviour and prevalence
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NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
AIDS Awareness
9473
81
46
57
80
Urban Rural Total
Percent of women and men age 15-49 who have heard of AIDS
Women
Men
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NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Most Adults Support Family Life Education Most Adults Support Family Life Education in Schoolsin Schools
63% women and 81% men think that information about 63% women and 81% men think that information about HIV/AIDS should be taught in schools to both boys and HIV/AIDS should be taught in schools to both boys and girlsgirls
More than 40% of women and 60% of men are in favour More than 40% of women and 60% of men are in favour of teaching both boys and girls about sexual behaviour of teaching both boys and girls about sexual behaviour and condom use to avoid sexually transmitted diseasesand condom use to avoid sexually transmitted diseases
Adults are less likely to favour teaching about Adults are less likely to favour teaching about contraception than about HIV/AIDS contraception than about HIV/AIDS
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NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Coverage of HIV Testing
• Percent of eligible women age 15-49 Percent of eligible women age 15-49 and men age 15-54 whose blood was and men age 15-54 whose blood was tested for HIVtested for HIV• Women: 85 percentWomen: 85 percent• Men: 78 percentMen: 78 percent
• Response rates are comparable to Response rates are comparable to HIV test response rates on national HIV test response rates on national household surveys worldwidehousehold surveys worldwide
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NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
HIV Prevalence
HIV prevalence estimates are based on HIV prevalence estimates are based on HIV tests of 102,946 blood samples HIV tests of 102,946 blood samples (52,853 from de facto women age 15-49 (52,853 from de facto women age 15-49 and 50,093 from de facto men age 15-54)and 50,093 from de facto men age 15-54)
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NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
SexSex
Women Women (%)(%)
Men Men (%)(%)
Total Total (%)(%)
UrbanUrban
RuralRural
0.290.29
0.180.18
0.410.41
0.320.32
0.350.35
0.250.25
IndiaIndia 0.220.22 0.360.36 0.280.28
HIV Prevalence by Residence and Sex, India
HIV prevalence rate is 60% higher among males than females and 40%
higher in urban areas than rural areas
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NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Summary and HighlightsSummary and Highlights
Substantial improvements have been seen in Substantial improvements have been seen in child survivalchild survival
Fertility continues to declineFertility continues to decline– Urban women have already reached the Urban women have already reached the
replacement level of fertility, but rural women replacement level of fertility, but rural women even now have an average of three childreneven now have an average of three children
For the first time more than half of the For the first time more than half of the currently married women are using some currently married women are using some contraceptive method contraceptive method
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NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Summary and Highlights (contd.)Summary and Highlights (contd.)
There is steady decline in the proportion of women There is steady decline in the proportion of women age 20-24 marrying before the legal minimum age of age 20-24 marrying before the legal minimum age of marriagemarriage
There have been improvements in antenatal care, There have been improvements in antenatal care, institutional deliveries, and assistance at delivery by institutional deliveries, and assistance at delivery by a health professional, but the changes over time a health professional, but the changes over time have been slowhave been slow
Immunization coverage for children has improved Immunization coverage for children has improved for all vaccines except DPTfor all vaccines except DPT
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NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Summary and Highlights (contd.)Summary and Highlights (contd.)
Full immunization coverage has not Full immunization coverage has not changed much in the last 7 yearschanged much in the last 7 years
Undernutrition and anaemia among Undernutrition and anaemia among children remain major challengeschildren remain major challenges
Adults suffer a dual burden of Adults suffer a dual burden of undernutrition and overnutrition undernutrition and overnutrition
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NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Summary and Highlights (contd.)Summary and Highlights (contd.)
HIV prevalence in India is much HIV prevalence in India is much lower than previously thought, lower than previously thought, but strong programmes are but strong programmes are required to prevent the further required to prevent the further spread of the epidemicspread of the epidemic