Download - 2005 Earth Science SOL Test - SolPass
VIRGINIA STANDARDS OF LEARNING
Spring 2005 Released Test
END OF COURSEEARTH SCIENCE
CORE 1
Property of the Virginia Department of Education� 2006 by the Commonwealth of Virginia, Department of Education, P.O. Box 2120, Richmond, Virginia 23218-2120.All rights reserved. Except as permitted by law, this material may not be reproduced or used in any form or by anymeans, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying or recording, or by any information storage retrieval system,without written permission from the copyright owner. Commonwealth of Virginia public school educators mayreproduce any portion of these released tests for noncommercial educational purposes without requesting permission.All others should direct their written requests to the Virginia Department of Education, Division of Assessment andReporting at the above address or by e-mail to [email protected].
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DIRECTIONSRead each question carefully and choose the bestanswer. Then mark the space on the answersheet for the answer you have chosen.
SAMPLE
Which of these can be used to measureatmospheric pressure?
A An anemometerB A barometer �
C A thermometerD A seismometer
2050304
1 A major problem with depending onfossil fuels as primary energy sourcesis that they are —
A overabundantB nonpollutingC nonrenewable �
D deep underground
2049790
2 1. Propose an outcome2. State the problem3. Make a Conclusion4. Gather Data
Which of the following puts the stepsof a scientific experiment in the correctorder?
F 2, 1, 3, 4G 4, 2, 3, 1H 2, 1, 4, 3 �
J 2, 3, 1, 4
2049939
3 Most modern geologists have arguedthat a global catastrophe may havecaused the extinction of the dinosaurs.According to these scientists, what wasthis catastrophe?
A An asteroid impact with the Earth �
B Melting of the polar ice capsC A shift in the tilt of the EarthD Earthquakes and volcanoes
2085065
4 What is the approximate percentage ofthe Earth that is illuminated by thesun at any given time?
F 10%G 25%H 50% �
J 90%
2050700
5 Compared to the Rocky Mountains, theAppalachian Mountains are much —
A older �
B less erodedC higherD thicker
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6
Seismic waves generated by anearthquake at point R are recorded atlocations W and X. Which pair ofseismographs is more accurate?
20509027 A volcanic eruption can affect the
atmosphere by —
A reducing the amount of water vapor inthe atmosphere
B adding large quantities of several gases,such as sulfur dioxide, to theatmosphere �
C clearing away nearby clouds, increasingthe amount of sunshine
D increasing the amount of oxygen due toescaping gases
20507088 Which of these will cause the greatesthigh tides?
R
W X
Location W
Location X
Time
Location W
Location X
Time
Location W
Location X
Time
Location W
Location X
Time
F
G
H
J
�
Sun EarthMoon
Sun Earth
Moon
SunEarth
Moon
Sun
Earth
Moon
F
G
H
J
�
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9
Which profile best represents thecontour map along the line AB?
2049836
10
Each dot on the above diagram marksthe origin of an earthquake. The areawith the highest concentration ofearthquake origins marks —
F a line of Earth’s magnetic fieldG a seam of soft rock, such as limestoneH the path of the subducting tectonic
plate �
J the location of a developing igneousintrusion
2050685
11 Which of these is the best indication ofthe relative age of a rock layer?
A The thickness of the layerB The chemical makeup of the layerC The position of the layer compared to
other layers �
D The distance the layer extends over theEarth
1
C
5
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A
B
C
D
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0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
Locations of Earthquake OriginsD
epth
(km)
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42006 Commonwealth of Virginia Department of Education
2050077
12 Which mineral is easily identified bysmell?
F GalenaG PyriteH QuartzJ Sulfur �
2050404
13 Which of these pieces of basalt rockhas probably been in a river thelongest?
3102623
14
In the first picture, the sphere is in abeaker with 100 mL of water. In thesecond picture, the dry sphere is beingmassed. Which of the values listed isclosest to the density of the blacksphere?
F 0.5 g/mLG 0.7 g/mLH 1.4 g/mL �
J 2.1 g/mL
3081141
15 Scientists use the rock cycle todescribe the processes by which —
A all different types of fossils weretransformed into rock
B one type of rock can be changed intoanother type of rock �
C tectonic plates shift around the earth’ssurface
D mineral crystals and compositions areidentified
A
B
C
D
�
0 mL
50 mL
100 mL
150 mL
200 mL
0 mL
50 mL
100 mL
150 mL
200 mL
70.0 g
Sphere in 100 mLof water
Sphere on balance
Measuring Density
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52006 Commonwealth of Virginia Department of Education
2050115
16
According to Mohs Hardness Scale,which of these groups of minerals canscratch fluorite?
F Talc, gypsum, and calciteG Calcite, quartz, and topazH Apatite, orthoclase, and corundum �
J Diamond, gypsum, and quartz
2050057
17 The Earth’s mantle is made up of veryhot material that rises to the top of themantle, cools, then sinks, reheats, andrises again, constantly repeating thecycle. This action, which causes theEarth’s crust to move, is known as —
A convection currents �
B magnetic fieldsC hot spotsD advection forces
2051018
18
Which layer of the sun is seen during atotal solar eclipse?
F ChromosphereG PhotosphereH CoreJ Corona �
2050765
19 Barrier islands are low and narrowsandy islands that form a rim offshorefrom a coastline. These islands protectinland shores from the surf, especiallyduring storms. These islands arebecoming increasingly developedbecause people want to live by theopen ocean, yet the islands themselvesare not permanent. Why aren’t theislands permanent?
A People develop the islands and removesand during housing construction.
B Offshore earthquakes cause the islandsto sink below sea level.
C The wind and the waves are constantlyredistributing the sand. �
D Development companies mine the sandfor use in inland construction projects.
Mohs Hardness Scale
Mineral Scale NumbersTalc 1Gypsum 2Calcite 3Fluorite 4Apatite 5Orthoclase 6Quartz 7Topaz 8Corundum 9Diamond 10
Key :
FingernailPennyCommon nailGlass plateSteel file
= 2.5= 3.5= 4.5= 5.5= 6.5
Photosphere
Chromosphere
Corona
Core
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20
According to the above diagram, thewater supply will be most consistent inwell —
F 1G 2H 3 �
J 4
2184167
21
The diagram shown illustrates whichgeological process?
A Faulting �
B FoldingC WeatheringD Metamorphism
2050631
22 In which type of rock are fossils mostlikely to be found?
F Igneous intrusiveG Igneous extrusiveH Sedimentary �
J Metamorphic
2050534
23
The layer in the above soil profile thathas the most humus is —
A 1 �
B 2C 3D 4
. ..
.
12
3
4
= Zone of aeration
= Zone of saturation
= Impermeable layer
1
2
3
4
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72006 Commonwealth of Virginia Department of Education
2049692
24 Ocean Dimensions
OceanArea
(million sq km)Average
Depth (km)
Pacific 165 4.3
Atlantic 82 3.9
The table shows the area and averagedepth of the Pacific and AtlanticOceans. Approximately how manytimes greater is the volume of water inthe Pacific Ocean than in the AtlanticOcean?
F 2 times �
G 20 timesH 2,000 timesJ 2,000,000 times
2050369
25
Which region of Virginia is classifiedas the Piedmont?
A 1B 2C 3 �
D 4
2051042
26
Which planet has the shortest day?
F MercuryG VenusH Jupiter �
J Saturn
2049983
27
Why is the ice shelf floating?
A The ice is melting faster than it cansink.
B The ice is less dense than the oceanwater. �
C The ice is warmer than the ocean water.D The ocean water is filled with vegetation
that keeps the ice from sinking.
12
34
PlanetPeriod
ofRotation
Diameter(kilometers)
RelativeMass
(Earth = 1)
Periodof
Revolution
Mercury 59days 4,878 0.056 88
days
Venus 243days 12,104 0.820 224.70
days
Jupiter 9 hours48 minutes 143,884 317.869 11.86
years
Saturn 10 hours15 minutes 120,536 95.143 29.46
years
FloatingIce Shelf Grounded
Ice Sheet
BedrockOcean
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82006 Commonwealth of Virginia Department of Education
2084956
28 Which of the following naturalresources makes the largestcontribution to Virginia’s economy?
F PlutoniumG AluminumH Coal �
J Feldspar
2050171
29 While on vacation, a student visits thearea around a volcano that hasrecently erupted. The student canexpect to find samples of —
A clastic sedimentary rockB nonfoliated metamorphic rockC chemically formed sedimentary rockD extrusive igneous rock �
2049894
30
The picture shows an infraredcomposite of the Earth as seen by aweather satellite system. What does thedark shaded area on this maprepresent?
F The moon’s shadowG Thick cloud coverH Nighttime �
J Ocean currents
3338311
31
Based on the above symbols, which ofthe following represents a wind speedof 30 knots?
2184107
32 Gas and dust in interstellar nebulaecan form —
F stars �
G cometsH meteorsJ asteroids
Calm 1 - 2 3 - 7 8 - 12
Wind Speed(in knots)
13 - 17 18 - 22 23 - 27
A
B
C
D
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92006 Commonwealth of Virginia Department of Education
3103050
33 Which of the following best describesEarth’s orbital position in our solarsystem?
A Outside of three smaller planetsB Outside of the gas giantsC An outer planetD An inner planet �
2050695
34
The map shows the ages of the exposedbedrock in Virginia. Which city sits onexposed bedrock that is the same ageas the rock in Bristol?
F DeelG Harrisonburg �
H CharlottesvilleJ Norfolk
2184111
35
The mountain shown is composed ofdeformed sedimentary layers. They arelocated near a tectonic plate boundaryand are still increasing in elevationdue to —
A colliding tectonic plates �
B seafloor spreading of tectonic platesC subduction of a tectonic plateD transform faulting of a tectonic plate
3182603
36 Release of CFCs and similarcompounds are a possible cause of —
F destruction of ozone in the upperatmosphere �
G acid rain in the northeast U.S.H greenhouse gas build-up in the lower
atmosphereJ increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide
concentration
Deel Bristol Harrisonburg Charlottesville Norfolk
VIRGINIA
Kilometers
0 100 200 300 400 500
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102006 Commonwealth of Virginia Department of Education
2051129
37
In the late 1920s, Edwin Hubble andMilton Humason determined thedistance to a number of galaxies andthe velocity of those galaxies relativeto the Earth. The graph shows theearly results that were obtained. Whatapproximate ratio did the scientistscalculate between velocity anddistance based on these early findings?
A 150 kilometers per second per onemillion light years �
B 300 kilometers per second per onemillion light years
C 450 kilometers per second per onemillion light years
D 600 kilometers per second per onemillion light years
2050010
38
Based on the drawing above, what isthe main reason that Venus wouldappear brighter at point Q rather thanat point R as seen from the Earth?
F The planet is closer to the Earth atpoint Q than at point R.
G More of the visible side of the planet isilluminated at point Q than at point R. �
H The planet appears overhead against adark sky when it is at point Q but notat point R.
J Light from the planet at point Q is lessaffected by the sun’s gravity than atpoint R.
Distance(millions of light-years)
Vel
ocity
(km
/s)
0 3 6
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
Velocity ofGalaxies vs. Distance
Sun
Earth
Venus
QR
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3147830
39 Wind power is not typically used togenerate all of the electricity neededfor large cities because the —
A energy source is inconsistent �
B waste products are unsafeC fuel expenses are too greatD energy produced is not in a usable form
2184267
40
Which kind of rock is formed by theprocesses shown?
F BasalticG Sedimentary �
H IgneousJ Metamorphic
3103897
41 People have tried many methodsto artificially produce rain. Onemethod, called cloud seeding, involvesairplanes dropping particles of silveriodide onto clouds to help the cloudsproduce rain droplets. These silveriodide particles act as —
A hailstonesB dew pointsC electrical chargesD condensation nuclei �
2049730
42
The picture shows the path of a forestfire that started at 5:30 A.M. It travels at1 km/h. About how long will it bebefore the fire reaches the rangerstation?
F 30 minutes �
G 1 hourH 2 hoursJ 5 hours
ErosionErosion
Mountain rangeMountain range
Ocean
Deposition
WeatheringWeathering
1 Kilometer
Path of FirePath of Fire
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122006 Commonwealth of Virginia Department of Education
3138745
43 Which of the following most likelyresults in the formation of a fossil?
A A Mesozoic clam lies exposed on thesurface of the sea floor.
B A Mesozoic clam is washed up onto thebeach.
C A Mesozoic clam is eaten by a largepredatory fish.
D A Mesozoic clam is buried by amudslide. �
2050282
44
The chart above shows differentsources of energy. Which conclusioncan be made based on this chart?
F Coal is the main source of energy.G Use of nuclear power is increasing.H Fossil fuels make up over three-quarters
of our energy consumption. �
J Renewable energy sources arepredominantly used.
2050336
45 What is the greatest environmentalcost of hydroelectric power?
A Increased flooding downstreamB Fish kills due to the turbinesC Decreased species diversity in the new
lakeD Destruction of free-running rivers and
their ecosystems �
2050111
46 Which of these mineral propertiescannot be used to identify a mineral?
F LusterG HardnessH Mass �
J Streak
Oil 35%
Coal 27%
Solar, wind,hydroelectric 18%
Gas 17%
Nuclear power 3%
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132006 Commonwealth of Virginia Department of Education
2050395
47 The pictures show different stages inthe development of a river valley.Which picture shows the first stage ofdevelopment?
2049876
48
According to the above map, thelargest river basin in Virginia isdrained by the —
F Potomac-Shenandoah RiversG York RiverH James River �
J Roanoke River
A
B
C
D
�
Simplified Map of Virginia River Basins
James RiverBasin
TennesseeRiverBasin
NewRiverBasin
RoanokeRiverBasin
ChowanRiverBasin
Big Sandy RiverBasin
Potomac-Shenandoah
RiverBasin
RappahannockRiver Basin
YorkRiverBasin
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142006 Commonwealth of Virginia Department of Education
2184161
49 Ozone molecules protect Earth fromthe harmful effects of the sun by —
A insulating the temperature at the polesB condensing water particles in cloudsC regulating the heat from the sunD absorbing ultraviolet radiation �
2051139
50 Which image below best represents ourgalaxy?
F
G
H
J
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152006 Commonwealth of Virginia Department of Education
Answer KeyTest
SequenceCorrectAnswer
ReportingCategory Reporting Category Description
1 C 002 Geology
2 H 001 Scientific Investigation
3 A 002 Geology
4 H 004 Astronomy and Space Science
5 A 002 Geology
6 H 001 Scientific Investigation
7 B 003 Meteorology, Oceanography, and Groundwater
8 F 003 Meteorology, Oceanography, and Groundwater
9 B 001 Scientific Investigation
10 H 002 Geology
11 C 002 Geology
12 J 002 Geology
13 C 002 Geology
14 H 001 Scientific Investigation
15 B 002 Geology
16 H 002 Geology
17 A 003 Meteorology, Oceanography, and Groundwater
18 J 004 Astronomy and Space Science
19 C 003 Meteorology, Oceanography, and Groundwater
20 H 003 Meteorology, Oceanography, and Groundwater
21 A 002 Geology
22 H 002 Geology
23 A 002 Geology
24 F 001 Scientific Investigation
25 C 002 Geology
26 H 004 Astronomy and Space Science
27 B 003 Meteorology, Oceanography, and Groundwater
28 H 002 Geology
29 D 002 Geology
30 H 001 Scientific Investigation
31 A 003 Meteorology, Oceanography, and Groundwater
32 F 004 Astronomy and Space Science
33 D 004 Astronomy and Space Science
34 G 002 Geology
35 A 002 Geology
36 F 003 Meteorology, Oceanography, and Groundwater
37 A 004 Astronomy and Space Science
38 G 004 Astronomy and Space Science
39 A 002 Geology
40 G 002 Geology
41 D 003 Meteorology, Oceanography, and Groundwater
42 F 001 Scientific Investigation
43 D 002 Geology
44 H 002 Geology
45 D 002 Geology
46 H 002 Geology
47 A 002 Geology
48 H 001 Scientific Investigation
49 D 003 Meteorology, Oceanography, and Groundwater
50 F 004 Astronomy and Space Science
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