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CONTAMINATED SITES
Guidelines for Consultants
Reporting on
Contaminated Sites
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2011 State o NSW and Oce o Environment and Heritage
The State o NSW and Oce o Environment and Heritage are pleased
to be reproduced in whole or in part or educational and non-comme
meaning is unchanged and its source, publisher and authorship are a
The Oce o Environment and Heritage (OEH) has compiled these gu
aith, exercising all due care and attention. No representation is made
completeness or suitability o the inormation in this publication or a
OEH shall not be liable or any damage which may occur to any persotaking action or not on the basis o this publication. Readers should se
when applying the inormation to their specic needs. This documen
revision without notice and readers should ensure they are using the
Published by:
Oce o Environment and Heritage
59 Goulburn Street, Sydney NSW 2000
PO Box A290, Sydney South NSW 1232
Phone: (02) 9995 5000 (switchboard)
Phone: 131 555 (environment inormation and publications requests)Phone: 1300 361 967 (national parks, climate change and energy ec
publications requests)
Fax: (02) 9995 5999 TTY: (02) 9211 4723
Email: [email protected]
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PREFACE
The Oce o Environment and Heritage exercise
powers in the name o the NSW Environment Pr
These guidelines have been prepared by the Co
Section o the Oce o Environment and Heritag
purpose is to assist consultants, site auditors, co
interested parties in reporting on the investigati
o contaminated sites. They replace the Drat Gu
Consultants Reporting on Contaminated Sites (d
OEH intends to monitor the use o these guideli
and update them when necessary. Any commen
Inquiries or comments may be directed to:
The Manager
Contaminated Sites Section
Oce o Environment and Heritage
PO Box A290
Sydney South NSW 1232
Fax: (02) 9995 5999
Limitations
These guidelines apply only to consultants repo
investigation and remediation o contaminated
provide detailed guidance on contaminated sitemanagement. More detailed guidance may be
listed in the Reerences.
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The Oce o Environment and Heritage acknowthe Drat Guidelines provided by the ollowing o
Australian Maritime Saety Authority
CH2M-Hill Australia Pty Ltd
Dames & Moore
Dubbo City Council Faireld City Council
Gosord City Council
HLA Envirosciences Pty Limited
Leichhardt Municipal Council
Mosman Municipal Council
NSW Agriculture
Northern Territory Department o Lands, Plan
Environment
Shoalhaven City Council
South Australian Health Commission
South Sydney City Council
Stratheld Municipal Council
Sutherland Shire Council
The Shell Company
Victoria Environment Protection Authority
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CONTENTS
PREFACE
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
1 INTRODUCTION ...........................................................
2 INVESTIGATION STAGES...........................................
2.1 Stage 1 Preliminary site investigation ....
2.2 Stage 2 Detailed site investigation ..........
2.3 Stage 3 Site remedial action plan (RAP) .
2.4 Stage 4 Validation and site monitoring r
3 REPORTING REQUIREMENTS ...................................
3.1 How to use the checklist .................................
4 REFERENCES ..................................................................
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Guidelines or Consultants Reporting on Contaminated S
1 INTRODUCTION
The purpose o these guidelines is to ensure tha
consultants on the investigation and remediatio
land contain sucient and appropriate inormat
ecient review by regulators, the Site Auditor an
parties.
Other reporting requirements may apply in cert
sites subject to planning processes such as rezon
development application and/or building appro
o the Managing Contaminated Land: Planning G
DUAP/EPA 1998) and the appropriate planning a
consulted. For sites subject to regulatory notices
o Environment and Heritage (OEH), consult OEH
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Guidelines or Consultants Reporting on Contaminated S
2 INVESTIGATION STAGES
From a reporting perspective, contaminated sitebe broadly classied into the ollowing stages:
1 Preliminary site investigation
2 Detailed site investigation
3 Site remedial action plan
4 Site validation and ongoing monitoring.
Consultants reports normally address these stag
presented separately or combined in various wa
report must stand alone, containing sucient in
readily understood. Where relevant inormation
in a previous, still available report, a summary o
should suce in subsequent reports.
The reporting requirements o each stage are di
ollowing sections and a checklist summary is in
2.1 Stage 1 Preliminary site investigation
The preliminary site investigation report should
identiy all past and present potentially conta
identiy potential contamination types
discuss the site condition
provide a preliminary assessment o site cont
assess the need or urther investigations.
An appraisal o the site history is undamental to
assessment and may be used to assess potential
It is important to review and assess all relevant in
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Guidelines or Consultants Reporting on Contaminated S
2.2 Stage 2 Detailed site investigation
The detailed site investigation report should giv
inormation on:
issues raised in the preliminary investigation
the type, extent and level o contamination
and assess:
contaminant dispersal in air, surace water, grdust
the potential eects o contaminants on pub
environment and building structures
(where applicable) o-site impacts on soil, se
the adequacy and completeness o all inormused in making decisions on remediation.
Where it is preerred that site-specic clean-up l
by applying risk assessment methods, the consu
OEH to discuss appropriate procedures.
I the results o the detailed site investigation ind
poses unacceptable risks to human health or the
on-site or o-site, and under either the present o
land use then a remedial action plan needs to
implemented.
2.3 Stage 3 Site remedial action plan (RAP)
The RAP should:
set remediation goals that ensure the remed
suitable or the proposed use and will pose n
to human health or to the environment
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Guidelines or Consultants Reporting on Contaminated S
2.4 Stage 4 Validation and site monitoring re
Reporting requirements are o two types: valida
appropriate, ongoing site monitoring.
Validation reporting
Where remedial action has been carried out, the
validated to ensure that the objectives stated in
been achieved. A report detailing the results o t
required.
The extent o validation required will depend on
the degree o contamination originally prese
the type o remediation processes that have
the proposed land use.
Validation must conrm statistically that the rem
complies with the clean-up criteria set or the sit
see Contaminated Sites Sampling Design Guidel
1995). Where applicable, the US EPAs Methods
Attainment o Cleanup Standards (1989) can also
The validation report must assess the results o t
testing against the clean-up criteria stated in the
have not been achieved, reasons must be stated
work proposed to achieve the original RAP obje
The validation report should also include inorm
that all OEH and other regulatory authorities liceand approvals have been met. In particular, doc
is needed to conrm that any disposal o soil o
accordance with the RAP.
O i i i i i
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Guidelines or Consultants Reporting on Contaminated S
3 REPORTING REQUIREMENTS
The ollowing checklist has been prepared to heapproach to reporting on contaminated sites an
environmental issues have been addressed to th
Where a consultant chooses to deviate rom
this checklist, clear reasons should be given a
deviationslisted.
3.1 How to use the checklist
Use the checklist on the ollowing pages in conj
objectives stated in the investigation stages (1-4
The rst column lists report headings to be inclu
to be covered under each heading. The other co
principal reporting stages o contaminated site s
preliminary site investigation report
detailed site investigation report
remedial action plan
validation and monitoring report.
A tick in these columns indicates that the corres
should be included in the report.
(S) denotes that a summary will be adequate i
has been included in a previous report.
(N) denotes that the section should be includedsite investigation is to be undertaken.
N/A denotes that the report heading is not app
omitted.
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Report sections and inormation to be included
Guidelines or Consultants Reporting on Contaminated S
Executive summary
Background
Objectives o the investigation
Scope o works
(Where appropriate) a summary o sampling results in tabulat
minimum, maximum, arithmetic average and 95% upper-con
arithmetic average or each analyte
Summary o conclusions and recommendations.
Scope o work
A clear statement o the scope o work.
Site identifcation
Street number, street name and suburb
Lot number and Deposited Plan number Geographic co-ordinates related to a nearby cadastral corner
Control Marker
Locality map
Current site plan with scale bar, showing north, local water dra
local environmentally signicant eatures.
Site history
Zoning previous, present and proposed
Land use previous, present and proposed
Summary o council rezoning, relevant development and buil
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Preliminary site
investigation
Detailed site
investigation
Remedial
action plan
Guidelines or Consultants Reporting on Contaminated S
(S) (S)
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Report sections and inormation to be included
Guidelines or Consultants Reporting on Contaminated S
Site history (continued)
Description o manuacturing processes
Details and locations o current and ormer underground and
storage tanks
Product spill and loss history
Discharges to land, water and air
Disposal locations
Relevant complaint history
Local site knowledge o residents and sta both present and
Summary o local literature about the site, including newspap
Details o building and related permits, licences, approvals an
trade waste agreements
Historical use o adjacent land
Local usage o ground/surace waters, and location o bores/p
Integrity assessment (assessment o the accuracy o inormatio
Site condition and surrounding environment
Topography
Conditions at site boundary such as type and condition o en
and erosion
Visible signs o contamination such as discolouration or stainibare soil patches both on-site and o-site adjacent to site bo
Visible signs o plant stress
Presence o drums, wastes and ll material
Odours
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Preliminary site
investigation
Detailed site
investigation
Remedial
action plan
Guidelines or Consultants Reporting on Contaminated S
(S) (S)
(S) (S)
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Report sections and inormation to be included
Guidelines or Consultants Reporting on Contaminated S
Geology and hydrogeology
Soil stratigraphy using recognised classication methods,
e.g. Australian Standard 1726, Unied Soil Classication Table Location and extent o imported and locally derived ll
Site borehole logs or test pit logs showing stratigraphy
Detailed description o the location, design and construction o
Description and location o springs and wells in the vicinity
Depth to groundwater table
Direction and rate o groundwater fow Direction o surace water run-o
Background water quality
Preerential water courses
Summary o local meteorology
Sampling and analysis plan and sampling methodology
Sampling, analysis and data quality objectives (DQOs)
Rationale or the selection o:
Sampling pattern
Sampling density including an estimated size o the residu
may remain undetected Sampling locations including locations shown on a site ma
Sampling depths
Samples or analysis and samples not analysed
Analytical methods
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Preliminary site
investigation
Detailed site
investigation
Remedial
action plan
Guidelines or Consultants Reporting on Contaminated S
Include readily available
inormation (S)
Include readily availableinormation N/A
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Report sections and inormation to be included
Guidelines or Consultants Reporting on Contaminated S
Field quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC)
Details o sampling team
Decontamination procedures carried out between sampling e
Logs or each sample collected including time, location, initduplicate locations, duplicate type, chemical analyses to be p
observations and weather conditions
Chain o custody ully identiying or each sample the sam
sample, collection date, analyses to be perormed, sample pre
departure time rom the site and dispatch courier(s)
Sample splitting techniques
Statement o duplicate requency
Field blank results
Background sample results
Rinsate sample results
Laboratory-prepared trip spike results or volatile analytes
Trip blank results
Field instrument calibrations (when used).
Laboratory QA/QC
A copy o signed chain-o-custody orms acknowledging rece
time, and identity o samples included in shipments
Record o holding times and a comparison with method spec
Analytical methods used Laboratory accreditation or analytical methods used
Laboratory perormance in inter-laboratory trials or the analy
where available
Description o surrogates and spikes used
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Preliminary site
investigation
Detailed site
investigation
Remedial
action plan
Guidelines or Consultants Reporting on Contaminated S
(N) N/A
(N) N/A
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Report sections and inormation to be included
Guidelines or Consultants Reporting on Contaminated S
QA/QC data evaluation
Evaluation o all QA/QC inormation listed above against the s
including a discussion o:
Documentation completeness
Data completeness
Data comparability (see next point)
Data representativeness
Precision and accuracy or both sampling and analysis or
each environmental matrix inorming data users o the rel
or qualitative value o the data Data comparability checks, which should include e.g. bias ass
arise rom various sources, including:
Collection and analysis o samples by dierent personnel
Use o dierent methodologies
Collection and analysis by the same personnel using the sa
but at dierent times Spatial and temporal changes (because o the environmen
Relative per cent dierences or intra- and inter-laboratory du
Basis or assessment criteria
Table listing all selected assessment criteria and reerences
Rationale or and appropriateness o the selection o criteria
Assumptions and limitations o criteria
Results
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Preliminary site
investigation
Detailed site
investigation
Remedial
action plan
Guidelines or Consultants Reporting on Contaminated S
(N) N/A
G id li C l R i C i d S
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Report sections and inormation to be included
Guidelines or Consultants Reporting on Contaminated S
Site characterisation
Assessment o type o all environmental contamination, parti
soil and groundwater
Assessment o extent o soil and groundwater contaminationo-site eects
Assessment o the chemical degradation products
Assessment o possible exposure routes and exposed popula
Remedial action plan
Remediation goal
Discussion o the extent o remediation required
Discussion o possible remedial options and how risk can be r
Rationale or the selection o recommended remedial option
Proposed testing to validate the site ater remediation
Contingency plan i the selected remedial strategy ails
Interim site management plan (beore remediation), including
e.g. encing, erection o warning signs, stormwater diversion
Site management plan (operation phase):
Site stormwater management plan
Soil management plan
Noise control plan
Dust control plan, including wheel wash (where applicable
Odour control plan
Occupational health and saety plan
Remediation schedule
G idelines or Cons ltants Reporting on Contaminated S
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Preliminary site
investigation
Detailed site
investigation
Remedial
action plan
Guidelines or Consultants Reporting on Contaminated S
N/A N/A
Guidelines or Consultants Reporting on Contaminated S
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Report sections and inormation to be included
Guidelines or Consultants Reporting on Contaminated S
Validation
Rationale and justication or the validation strategy includin
Clean-up criteria and statistically based decision-making m
Validation sampling and analysis plan
Details o a statistical analysis o validation results and evaluat
clean-up criteria
Verication o compliance with regulatory requirements set b
WorkCover and local government.
Ongoing site monitoring
Ongoing site monitoring requirements (i any), including mon
and requency
Results o monitoring analyses including all relevant QA/QC re
requirements stated above
Ongoing site/equipment maintenance, e.g. containment cap
Details o party(ies) responsible or maintenance and monitor
Conclusions and recommendations
Brie summary o all ndings
Assumptions used in reaching the conclusions
Extent o uncertainties in the results
Where remedial action has been taken, a list summarising the
and physical changes to the site
A clear statement that the consultant considers the subject sit
suitable or the proposed use (where applicable)
Guidelines or Consultants Reporting on Contaminated S
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Preliminary site
investigation
Detailed site
investigation
Remedial
action plan
Guidelines or Consultants Reporting on Contaminated S
N/A N/A N/A
N/A N/A N/A
Guidelines or Consultants Reporting on Contaminated S
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Guidelines or Consultants Reporting on Contaminated S
4 REFERENCES
For the most up-to-date inormation reer to thmade or approved under the CLM Act at:
www.environment.nsw.gov.au/clm/guidelines
NSW Environment Protection Authority docum
NSW EPA (1994). Contaminated Sites: Guidelines orStation Sites, Environment Protection Authority,
NSW EPA (1995). Contaminated Sites: Guidelines or
o Soil on Broad-Acre Agricultural Land, Environ
Authority, Sydney.
NSW EPA (1995). Assessment o Orchard and MarketContamination: Contaminated Sites Discussion P
Protection Authority, Sydney.
NSW EPA (1995). Contaminated Sites: Sampling Des
Environment Protection Authority, Sydney.
NSW DUAP/NSW EPA (1998). Managing Contaminat
Guidelines. Department o Urban Aairs and Pla
NSW EPA (1995). Provisional Water Quality Investiga
Preerred Methods or Sampling and Analysis. Te
Environment Protection Authority, Sydney.
NSW Agriculture and CMPS&F Environmental (Febr
Guidelines or the Assessment and Cleanup o Cor Residential Purposes.
NSW EPA (1997). Bananalands Contaminant Distribu
Environment Protection Authority, Sydney.
Guidelines or Consultants Reporting on Contaminated S
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p g
Australian and New Zealand Environment and
Council (ANZECC), National Health and Medica
Council and Natural Resource Management Mindocuments
ANZECC / National Health & Medical Research Coun
1992). Australian and New Zealand Guidelines o
and Management o Contaminated Sites.
ANZECC & ARMCANZ (2000), Australian and New Zeor Fresh and Marine Water Quality, Australian an
Environment and Conservation Council and Agr
Management Council o Australia and New Zeala
October 2000.
ANZECC (April 1994). Financial Liability or Contami
Remediation: A Position Paper.
NHMRC & NRMMC (2004), Guidelines or Drinking W
Australia, National Health and Medical Research
Resource Management Ministerial Council, Canb
National Environmental Health orum monogra
Imray, P. & Langley, A. (1996) Health-Based Soil Inve
National Environmental Health Forum Monogra
SA Health Commission, Adelaide.
Taylor, R. & Langley, A. (1996). Exposure Scenarios a
National Environmental Health Forum MonograSA Health Commission, Adelaide.
Lock, W. H. Composite Sampling. National Environm
Forum Monographs, Soil Series No. 3, 1996, SA H
Guidelines or Consultants Reporting on Contaminated S
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p g
South Australian Health Commission contamin
monograph series
El Saadi, O. & Langley, A., eds (1991). The Health Risk
Management o Contaminated Sites: Workshop
National Workshop on the Health Risk Assessme
o Contaminated Sites, SA Health Commission, A
Langley, A. & Van Alphen, M., eds (1993). The Health
and Management o Contaminated Sites: Procee
National Workshop on the Health Risk Assessme
o Contaminated Sites. Contaminated Sites Mon
SA Health Commission, Adelaide.
Edwards, J. W., Van Alphen, M. & Langley, A. (1994).
and Assessment o Contaminated Land Improv
Appraisal. Contaminated Sites Monograph SerieCommission, Adelaide.
Olszowy, H., Torr, P. & Imray, P. Trace Element Conce
rom Rural and Urban Areas o Australia, Contam
Monograph Series, No. 4, 1995, SA Health Comm
Langley, A., Markey, B. & Hill, H., eds (1996). The Hea
and Management o Contaminated Sites: ProceeNational Workshop on the Health Risk Assessme
o Contaminated Sites. Contaminated Sites Mon
SA Health Commission, Adelaide.
Other reerence documents
APHA/AWWA/WEF (1995). Standard Methods or th
Water and Wastewater. 19th edn. American Pub
American Water Works Association, Water Enviro
Guidelines or Consultants Reporting on Contaminated S
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USEPA (1987). Data Quality Objectives or Remedial
USEPA 540/G-87/003 Oce o Emergency Respo
Waste Programs Enorcement.USEPA (1998). Guidance or Conducting Remedial In
and Feasibility Studies under CERCLA, OSWER D
October 1988. Oce o Emergency and Remedia
Environmental Protection Agency.
USEPA (1992). Guidance or Data Useability in Risk A
and B). USEPA Publication 9285.7-09A&B, PB92-9
1992, Oce o Emergency and Remedial Respon
USEPA (1989). Methods or Evaluating the Attainme
Standards Volume 1: Soils and Solid Media. (EPA
United States Environmental Protection Agency
USEPA (1989). Risk Assessment Guidance or Super1: Human Health Evaluation Manual (Part A). US
Protection Agency, Washington DC.
USEPA (1991). Summary Report on Issues in Ecologi
United States Environmental Protection Agency,
USEPA (1992). Test Methods or Evaluating Solid Wa
Chemical Methods SW-846, 3rd Edition. Oce o
and Emergency Response, US Environmental Pro
Washington DC.
USEPA (1993). Reerence Guidance or Planning or
in Support o Environmental Decision-Making U
Quality Objectives Process USEPA EPA QA/G-4 Q
Management Sta.
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