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First Annual State of the Union for Mobile Ecommerce PerformanceJoshua Bixby
www.strangeloopnetworks.comwww.webperformancetoday.com
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Source: http://shuterstock.com
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Agenda
Why speed matters
How cell networks work
Case study: What speeds up a site on mobile?
Mobile study test methodology
Results
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Why Speed Matters
This section left intentionally blank*
*Because for the first time in five years I’m going to omit the slides that preach about speed=revenue and save all of us the repetition. If you’ve lived under a rock for the last five years and need to hear more, look at:
http://www.strangeloopnetworks.com/web-performance-optimization-hub/
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Cell connectionsHow it works
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http://youtu.be/LK5eHr0qdh8
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http://youtu.be/ClhWIvZFS8I
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Powering up
Source: http://www.research.att.com/articles/featured_stories/2011_03/201102_Energy_efficient?fbid=W3A01Tb8MFf
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Concurrency
Device + Environment (Location, Interference etc..) + Availability + Scale
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http://youtu.be/c1FomWJ1ZP4
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Latency
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Geography
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How does data work on a mobile network?
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3G vs LTE
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Case StudyWhat speeds up a mobile site?
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Methodology
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Setup
All testing done on 3G from Vancouver.• Nexus S • Rogers Network
Traffic flows through Strangeloop service.• We apply optimizations in the path.
The phone does everything else.
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Setup
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Setup
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A few points of clarification...
We’re only choosing oreilly.com for fun.
We’re using it only to show what some performance problems are. This doesn’t mean the site has these problems.
The real site is somewhere in the middle of this blue bar.
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Summary of key metrics
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Performance problems
Too many connections
Too many bytes
No CDN
Too many round trips
3rd party calls (marketing tags, analytics, etc)
Similar to desktop, but impact is different on mobile devices
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What does it look like?
http://youtu.be/iPtbU1KvLjM
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Key metrics – original site
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Let’s Fix it!
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What are we going to do?
Stepwise acceleration• We’ll accelerate the page in multiple steps.• We’ll add techniques at each step and evaluate the
performance impact.
Start with the easy stuff and get more advanced with each step
Try to make the page as fast as possible
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Step 1: Low-Hanging Fruit
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Step 1: Optimizations
Add keep-alive connections• Address the problem with too many connections• Lessen the impact of TCP connection setup
Add HTTP compression• One way to reduce bytes, and an easy one• We’ll compress the text-based content (HTML, CSS,
JS, etc)
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Keep-alive connections
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HTTP compression
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Step 1: What should we expect?
Fewer total connections
Fewer bytes
Impact to performance metrics• Fewer bytes to onload• No change to roundtrips• Better document complete time• Better start render
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Before and after
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What we helped
Connection count• 83 connections 30 connections
Key metrics
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Step 1: Improvements
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Step 1: Improvements
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What does it look like?
http://youtu.be/qMGAOqQQqvw
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Step 2: CDN
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CDN
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What should we expect?
Faster average time to first byte for the objects on the page
Impact to performance metrics• No change to round trips• No change to byte count• Better start render time• Better document complete time
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Before and after
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What we helped
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Step 2: Improvements
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Step 2: Improvements
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What does it look like?
http://youtu.be/aiViEjuVb_g
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Why a CDN doesn’t help more: Latency
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How does data work on a mobile network?
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Step 3: Mobile Front End Optimization
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Mobile FEO
Consolidation of resources• Images• CSS• JavaScript
Image compression
Minification• JavaScript• CSS
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Mobile FEO
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What should we expect?
Fewer round trips will mean the TTFB problem should get a lot better
Fewer bytes will mean better performance• Images (from image compression)• CSS/JS (from minification)
Impact on performance metrics• Reduction in round trips• Reduction in byte count (on top of HTTP Compression)• Better start render time• Better document complete time
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Before and after
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What we helped
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Step 3: Improvements
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Step 3: Improvements
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What does it look like?
http://youtu.be/J_gU2Z_b-6I
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Step 4: More Mobile FEO
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More Mobile FEO
Deferral• Analytics• Marketing tags• Ads• Etc.
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3rd party calls
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3rd party calls
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What should we expect?
Deferral of round trips to after onload
Impact to performance metrics• Fewer round trips to onload• Fewer bytes to onload• Better start render time• Better document complete time
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Before and after
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Before and after
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Before and after
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What we helped
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Step 4: Improvements
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Step 4: Improvements
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What does it look like?
http://youtu.be/e0oFr0pSRn8
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Overall improvements
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2012 State of Mobile Ecommerce PerformanceHow fast do leading m-commerce sites load for real users over cellular networks?
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Why is our test different?
Testing cell connecting3G testsLTE tests
Real browsers
Real phones/tablets
Cool phones/tablets
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Report: Key areas of exploration
• Usability– Do companies have mobile-specific sites?– Who do they serve them to?– Do they let people view the full site from the mobile
site?
• Speed– How fast are web pages on a 3G connection?– How fast are web pages on an LTE connection?
• Devices– Which is faster: An Android or an iPhone?– Which is faster: An iPad or Android tablet?
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All done by hand: Interns
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Methodology
http://youtu.be/XapspPBxVJY
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Usability
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Tablets
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iPad 2 versus Galaxy Tablet
Platform iOS 5.1 Android 4.04
Browser Safari Android Browser
Processor 1 GHz Apple A5 1 GHz ARM
Display 9.5 inch 10.1-inch
Memory512 MB DDR2 (1066 Mbit/s
RAM) 1GB RAM
Cellular Radio 3G 3G
GPRS YESClass 12 (4+1/3+2/2+3/1+4
slots), 32 - 48 kbps
EDGE YES Class 12
SpeedHSDPA, 14.4 Mbps; HSUPA,
2 MbpsHSDPA, 21 Mbps; HSUPA,
5.76 Mbps
iPad 2 Galaxy Tablet
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iPhone 4 versus Galaxy S
Platform iOS 4.1 Android 2.3.6
Browser Safari Android Browser
Processor 1GHz Apple A4 1GHz ARM
Display 3.5- inch 4-inch
Memory 512 MB eDRAM 512 MB RAM
Cellular Radio 3G 3G
GPRSClass 10 (4+1/3+2 slots), 32 -
48 kbpsClass 12 (4+1/3+2/2+3/1+4
slots), 32 - 48 kbps
EDGE Class 10, 236.8 kbps Class 12
SpeedHSDPA, 7.2 Mbps; HSUPA, 5.76 Mbps
HSDPA, 7.2 Mbps; HSUPA, 5.76 Mbps
iPhone 4 Galaxy S
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iPhone 4 vs Galaxy S (3G)
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iPhone 4 vs Galaxy S (3G)
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3G compared to desktop
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iPhone 5 versus Galaxy S3
Platform iOS 6 Android 4.0.4
Browser Safari Android Browser
Processor 1.3GHz Apple A6 1.4 GHz quad-core ARM
Display 4-inch 4.8-inch
Memory 1G eDRAM 1GB RAM
Cellular Radio 3G/LTE 3G, 4G
GPRS YESClass 12 (4+1/3+2/2+3/1+4 slots),
32 - 48 kbps
EDGE YES Class 12
Speed
DC-HSDPA, 42 Mbps; HSDPA, 21 Mbps; HSUPA, 5.76 Mbps, LTE, 100 Mbps;
Rev. A, up to 3.1 MbpsHSDPA, 21 Mbps; HSUPA,
5.76 Mbps
iPhone 5 Galaxy S3
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iPhone 5 vs Galaxy S3 (LTE)
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LTE compared to desktop
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Source: http://fuzzyco.com/outliers/
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