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This presentation was prepared by CPSC staff, has not been reviewed or approved by, and may not reflect the views of, the Commission.
2013 CPSC Safety AcademySeattle, WA
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The BasicsThe Basics
• ASTM F963 was adopted – and subsequently updated – as mandatory rule by CPSC, as required in the Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act of 2008 (CPSIA)– Copyright still owned by ASTM-International –
copies must be purchased at www.astm.org– Read-only copies available for viewing online
when ASTM proposes revisions to CPSC
• F963 is one of the key requirements for children’s toys but other requirements also apply. (E.g. lead content, lead in paint, banned phthalates, small parts, hazardous substances….)
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History of the StandardHistory of the Standard
• First version developed by toy industry and published by the National Bureau of Standards – 1976
• First version of ASTM F 963 developed by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) –1986
• ASTM F 963- 07e1 adopted as a mandatory standard by the CPSIA – 2008
• Most recent version (ASTM F 963-11) became effective June 12, 2012
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ASTM F 963 - OverviewASTM F 963 - Overview
• Subcommittee members from industry, consumer groups, government
• Requirements based on injury analysis• Covers toys for children under 14 years• Scope excludes products addressed by
other standards• More than 40 sections of requirements• Annexes contain information and
rationale
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Scope OverviewScope Overview
• Addresses thermal, electrical, and mechanical hazards of toys, packaging, and toy chests
• Sections for prevention of choking, lacerations, strangulation, impalement, suffocation, falls, burns, poisoning, eye injuries, etc.
• Age Grading: Advice for matching toys to children of certain ages
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The Standard ItselfThe Standard Itself
• List of other federal rules for toys• Definitions• Requirements• Test methods• Guidelines
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Where are we now? Where are we now? September 2013
• 2011 version added:– Lead requirements aligned with CPSIA– Heavy elements (8) in substrate
• Compositing Procedure for Total Heavy Metal Analysis
– Cadmium requirements– Bath toy projections– Seat overload testing– Acoustics testing aligned with international
standard– Elastic tether toys testing– New figures
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Mandatory Standard Revision Mandatory Standard Revision ProcessProcess
• ASTM F963 revisions sent to CPSC for review
• CPSC may reject revisions within 90 days• Unless rejected, changes become
mandatory 180 days after proposal• CPSC rejected removal of toy chest section
from ASTM F963-08, so ASTM F963-07e1 toy chest requirements remain in use with current mandatory version, ASTM F963-11
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Partial List of Requirements Partial List of Requirements ASTM F963
• Sound-Producing Toys • Battery-Operated Toys• Small Objects • Stuffed and Beanbag-type
Toys• Projections • Marbles and Balls• Folding Mechanisms and
Hinges• Hemispheric-Shaped Objects• Cords and Elastics in Toys• Yo-Yo Elastic Tether Toys• Bath Toy Projections
• Wheels, Tires, and Axles• Magnets• Pacifiers• Balloons• Projectile Toys• Certain Toys with Spherical
Ends• Rattles• Teethers and Teething Toys• Squeeze Toys • Toxicology: Heavy Elements
in Paint and Substrate
9
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Third Party Testing RequiredThird Party Testing Required
Except in the following circumstances:
• Sections that address requirements for labeling, instructional literature, or producer’s markings;
• Sections that involve assessments that are conducted by the unaided eye and without any sort of tool or device.
• Sections that pertain to the manufacturing process and thus, cannot be evaluated meaningfully by a test of the finished product (e.g., the purified water provision at section 4.3.6.1); and
• Sections that address food and cosmetics;
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How To Apply the Standard?How To Apply the Standard?
• Age grading:– matches the attributes of the toy to the capabilities of the
child; and– is used to determine the appropriate tests to which a
product must comply.
• The Commission considers:– the manufacturer’s labeling on the product, if it is
reasonable;– whether the product is advertised, promoted, and
marketed for that age child;– whether the product is recognized commonly by
consumers as being intended for that age child; and– Age Determination Guidelines – September 2002.
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ExamplesExamples
• Not All Sections of F963 Apply to Every Toy
• Some Sections of F963 Require Third Party Testing, Some Sections Do NOT require Third Party Testing
• Clear Examples– Robert von Goeben, Co-Founder, Green
Toys
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ExamplesExamples
• “Gray Area” Examples– Testing Laboratory: Pratik Ichhaporia,
PhD, Intertek Consumer Goods
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www.intertek.com14 © Intertek 2013,
All Rights Reserved
o Classification
General use vs. Children’s products
Children’s products vs. children’s toys
o Applicability of toy safety standard sections
Interpretations
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Children’s Product?
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Toys?
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Toy Safety Standard: Applicability of Requirements
Section 4.36 Hemispheric Shaped objects
4.18.1 Accessible Clearances for Moveable Segments
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www.intertek.com18 © Intertek 2013,
All Rights Reserved
TIA Interpretation’s committee
Revision to standard to clarify gray areas
F15.22 Sub-committee on going work
Magnets
Projectiles
Certain other requirements including emerging hazards
Standard Revision
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Where are we going?Where are we going?
New Issues and Emerging Hazards• Nancy Cowles, KIDS in Danger• Working groups:– Batteries in toys (Lithium batteries, fire prevention)– Magnets in toys (Magnet strength, flux index, labeling)– Projectile toys (Kinetic energy, improvised projectiles)– Impaction hazards (Nail-shaped hazards)– Emerging hazards (Projection hazards)– Toy Chests
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Thank YouThank You
Panelists:
Robert von Goeben Co-Founder, Green [email protected]
Nancy CowlesKIDS in [email protected]
Pratik Ichhaporia, PhDIntertek Consumer [email protected]
m
Moderator:
Neal S. Cohen Small Business Ombudsman, [email protected]
Twitter @CPSCSmallBiz
www.slideshare.net/USCPSC
www.cpsc.gov/Toysafety
www.cpsc.gov/GettingStarted
www.cpsc.gov/SmallBiz
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Safety & Compliance in aHyper-Growth Eco Company
Robert von GoebenPresident & Co-Founder, Green Toys Inc.
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© 2010 Green Toys Inc. CONFIDENTIAL – DO NOT DISTRIBUTE
Green ToysGreen Toys
Market Leader in Socially Responsible and Environmentally Friendly
Children’s Products
Solid in over 5,000 retail locations in USAPottery Barn, Whole Foods, Amazon, CostPlus,
Nordstrom's, Barnes & Noble, etc.Export products to 97 countriesAverage annual revenue growth 70%
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© 2010 Green Toys Inc. CONFIDENTIAL – DO NOT DISTRIBUTE
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© 2010 Green Toys Inc. CONFIDENTIAL – DO NOT DISTRIBUTE
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© 2010 Green Toys Inc. CONFIDENTIAL – DO NOT DISTRIBUTE
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© 2010 Green Toys Inc. CONFIDENTIAL – DO NOT DISTRIBUTE
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© 2010 Green Toys Inc. CONFIDENTIAL – DO NOT DISTRIBUTE
Corporate Goals 2007Corporate Goals 2007
1. Find “quantifiably green” plastic material• Afterlife (biodegradable, recyclable)• Proven environmental stats (greenhouse gas
reductions, energy savings)
2. Made in SF Bay Area of USA• Find local manufacturers
3. Safe materials and processes• Find reliable trusted supplier• Work in absence of testing procedures• Find trusted labs
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© 2010 Green Toys Inc. CONFIDENTIAL – DO NOT DISTRIBUTE
High-Density PolyethyleneHigh-Density PolyethyleneSafety
#2 one of the safest plastics availableNo BPA, phthalates, PVC, etc.
Wide AvailabilityCurb-side collectedAvailable in California
Good MarketingFamilies understandClose the education loopGood connotation
CHALLENGE: Manufacturability
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© 2010 Green Toys Inc. CONFIDENTIAL – DO NOT DISTRIBUTE
Our key to compliance: simplicityOur key to compliance: simplicityLimited raw materials
ResinColorant
Limited suppliersGT knows all sub-suppliersAll in USA
Simple productsNo batteriesNo electronicsNo glues, screws, metal, paints, surface coatings, decals
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© 2010 Green Toys Inc. CONFIDENTIAL – DO NOT DISTRIBUTE
Challenge 1: Recycled Resin Challenge 1: Recycled Resin
1. Less material certifications
2. Inconsistent feedstock
3. “Cottage industry” suppliers
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© 2010 Green Toys Inc. CONFIDENTIAL – DO NOT DISTRIBUTE
Solution: Lot testingSolution: Lot testing
Lots manufactured and quarantined
Independent 3rd party
Chemical testing
Release upon compliance
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© 2010 Green Toys Inc. CONFIDENTIAL – DO NOT DISTRIBUTE
Challenge: ManufacturingChallenge: Manufacturing
No screws
No metal at all
No glue
No paint
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© 2010 Green Toys Inc. CONFIDENTIAL – DO NOT DISTRIBUTE
Challenge: Made in USA
Challenge: Made in USA
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© 2010 Green Toys Inc. CONFIDENTIAL – DO NOT DISTRIBUTE
Initial and annual testingInitial and annual testing
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© 2010 Green Toys Inc. CONFIDENTIAL – DO NOT DISTRIBUTE
Product SafetyProduct Safety
Rigorous US-based testing programRaw Materials
Lot testing of recycled resin
StandardASDTM F963EN71ISO8124
AdditionalFDA Food ContactBPAPVC
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© 2010 Green Toys Inc. CONFIDENTIAL – DO NOT DISTRIBUTE
Corporate GoalsCorporate Goals
1. Find green material
2. Made USA
3. Safe materials and processes
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04/12/23
Toy Safety: The Consumer Perspective
Presented by:
© 2013 Kids In Danger, Inc.
Nancy Cowles, Executive Director
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Nonprofit organization dedicated to protecting children by improving children’s product safety.
© 2013 Kids In Danger, Inc. 39
Founded by parentsLinda Ginzel and BoazKeysar after the deathof their son, Danny.
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Toy Safety
40© 2013 Kids In Danger, Inc.
a. Shared toy boxb. Supervisionc. Age gradingd. Real world use
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Choking
© 2013 Kids In Danger, Inc. 41
Hazard Highlight:
Build-A-Bear recalls “Sully”Character stuffed animal.
Basic Beat BB201 standard eggShaker recalled.
Detachable metal conductor pin onlight-up toy frogs and ducks.
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© 2013 Kids In Danger, Inc.
Hazard Highlight:Lead
Recall of "Soldier Bear”Toy sets due to leadPoisoning hazard.
Various Thomas & FriendsWooden Railway Toys containlead-based paint.
“Dinosaur Epoch”toy dinosaursrecalled by XtremeToy Zone.
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Magnets
© 2013 Kids In Danger, Inc. 43
Hazard Highlight:
Kenny died after swallowing loose magnets that fell out of a magnetic toy. He was 21 months old.
Toys R Us recalls BuckyballsHigh-power magnet sets.
Magnetix Building Sets are atop recall item.
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Hazard Highlights:
44© 2013 Kids In Danger, Inc.
Toxins
Spin Master “Bindeez”or “Aquadots” contain apharmacologically activesedative pro drug.
Plush toys are found to be treated with Chlorinated Tris, a carcinogenic flame retardant. Not recalled.
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Emerging Hazards:
45© 2013 Kids In Danger, Inc.
Water Balz Water-absorbing polymer beadsSold As:Water Balz, Growing Skulls, Growing Spider, H2O Orbs “Despicable Me,” Cosmo Beads, and Fabulous Flowers toys
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Emerging Hazards:
46© 2013 Kids In Danger, Inc.
Water Balz Water-absorbing polymer beadsAlso non-toy marketing
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© 2013 Kids In Danger, Inc. 47
Lingering Hazards:Eyeball ToyThe plastic eyeball containskerosene, which if broken,presents a chemical hazardto children. Mike’s Story
A toy ball filled with adangerous liquid injured5-year-old Mike when itcracked and leaked fluidinto his eye.
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Solutions
• Testing• Standards• Learning from past
48© 2013 Kids In Danger, Inc.
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© 2013 Kids In Danger, Inc.
Kids In Danger116 W Illinois StreetSuite 4EChicago IL 60654Phone: 312-595-0649Fax: 312-595-0939Email: [email protected]
www.KidsInDanger.org
Facebook:
www.facebook.com/KidsInDanger
Facebook:
www.facebook.com/KidsInDanger
Twitter:
www.twitter.com/KidsInDanger
@KidsInDanger
Twitter:
www.twitter.com/KidsInDanger
@KidsInDanger
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Thank YouThank You
Panelists:
Robert von Goeben Co-Founder, Green [email protected]
Nancy CowlesKIDS in [email protected]
Pratik Ichhaporia, PhDIntertek Consumer [email protected]
m
Moderator:
Neal S. Cohen Small Business Ombudsman, [email protected]
Twitter @CPSCSmallBiz
www.slideshare.net/USCPSC
www.cpsc.gov/Toysafety
www.cpsc.gov/GettingStarted
www.cpsc.gov/SmallBiz