Download - 2016 ENV Ministerial - Carlos Manuel Rodriguez - Costa Rica - Biodiversity breakout session
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Carlos Manuel Rodríguez
Mainstreaming biodiversity, The Costa Rican case.
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Nitr
ogen
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w
Agriculturalland use
Ocean
acidity
Fres
hwat
er
cons
umpti
on
Phos
phor
us
flow
Climate
Change
Atmospheric
aerosol load
Chemical
pollution
Ozone depletion
Biodiversity
loss
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?
50-60
70-80
Latest data
90-00
Pre-Ind.
?
??
?
F.T.Chapin, U AK Fairbanks
Rockström et al. Nature, Oct. ‘09
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1957
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1974
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2013
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Unfortunately,
Conservation has NOT been seen as contributing to economic and social development.
Lack of integrated knowledge and awareness
Hard to assign monetary value to nature’s services/public good
Short-term benefits outweigh long-term value
Difficult to scale up successes
OBSTACLES
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NATURAL CAPITAL AND DEVELOPMENT
2012
GDP /pc : $3,574
21% Forest coverPopulation: 2.7 million
Energy: 70% Hydro, 30% Fossil fuel
GDP /pc : $9,219
52% Forest coverPopulation: 5 million
Energy: 98% Hydro, Wind & Geothermal, 5% fossil fuel
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DEFORESTATION RATE IN COSTA RICA, 1960-2005
First forest incentives
Elimination of perverse incentives
EnvironmentalGovernance “improved”
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National Parks
5.5 %
Agriculture 7.7 %
National Parks Contribution to the GDP 2012
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National Tourism (70.2%). [Hospitality, food, transport]
Electricity generation (26.4%). [Estimate based on plants near ASP.]
Direct/indirect employment (1.7%)
Income from entrance fees (0.9%)
Funding for conservation of ASP (0.6%)
Others (0.15%). [Funding for research, visits, employment, PSA, land purchase.]
Total: $1.4 Billion USD*
*Exchange Rate: 573 colons per dollar
Economic Benefit of National Parks to the Local Economy 2009
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Rationale of the Carbon PES
$
$
¢ c
cFONAFIFO
COSTA RICA CARBON
FUND
TRANSFERABLE & NEGOTIABLE CERTIFICATE
FUEL TAX PAYMENTS
HYDROLECTRIC COMPANIES’ PAYMENTS
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1. Support policies that recognize and reward ecosystem services and cover opportunity costs.
2. Support policies that ensure that private sector decisions account for non-market impacts and benefits in operations and site choices.
3. Support policies that identify and reduce perverse incentives.
4. Include green economy concepts/assessments at the highest possible level of development planning and policy.
5. Improve measurement: GDP does not account for key development issues – need to account for the green economy via credible, existing metrics.
Support Appropriate Policy
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¡¡¡ MUCHAS GRACIAS !!!
“Damn! They are spending my
grandchildren’s inheritance !!