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2.1 ELEMENTS
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• The smallest building blocks of matter are atoms.
• What is the difference between an atom and an element?
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• An element is a pure substance that cannot be broken down or separated into simpler substances.
• An element is a type of atom.
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Example:Copper is an element,
An atom of copper is the smallest possible piece of copper you can have, that still has all the properties of copper.
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CHEMICAL SYMBOLS
• Each element has a name, but the names are different depending on the language you speak.
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• Symbols provide an international language so all chemists around the world can share their discoveries.– If symbol is only one letter capitalized– If symbol is 2 letters 1st capitalized, 2nd lower
case• Eg: Oxygen = O Mercury = Hg
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INVESTIGATING THE STRUCTURE OF THE ATOM
• Every atom is composed of 3 types of particles:– Protons: positively charged– Neutrons: no charge– Electrons: negatively charged
• Protons and neutrons are found in the nucleus• Electrons circle the nucleus in particular
energy levels
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Rules for atomic particles:
1. # protons = # electrons2. Atomic number = # protons3. Atomic mass = the mass of an average atom
of an element4. Ion charge = an electric charge that forms on
an ion when it gains or loses electrons.
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Assignment:
• “Learning chemical symbols” worksheet• Reading check page 47• CYU page 51 #1-18• “Adopt-an-element” project
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Who created the periodic table?
• Dmitri Mendeleev• He arranged it by grouping elements with
similar properties together• The periodic table contains an amazing
amount of information
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Info on a square in the Periodic Table:
• Some elements have multiple ion charges as they form ions in more than one way.
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Trends in the periodic table:
• Elements are arranged in order of atomic number
• THEY ARE NOT ARRANGED BY ATOMIC MASS!!
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Trends in the periodic table:
• Elements on the LEFT side of the table mostly form POSITIVE ions– This means they LOSE ELECTRONS
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Trends in the periodic table:
• Elements on the RIGHT side of the table mostly form NEGATIVE ions– This means they GAIN ELECTRONS
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Trends in the periodic table:• Elements
in the same column usually have similar ion charges.
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Trends in the periodic table:
Metals, Non-metals and Metalloids…
• Elements are clumped in groups that have similar properties
• Table 2.2 (pg.55) shows the properties that each of these groups have in common.
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Trends in the periodic table:• Within each of these groupings are columns of
elements with very similar properties. – These are called families
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Assignment:
• Reading Check page 57• 2.2 Worksheet• Complete “Adopt an Element” research