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Post harvest handling and
for organic products in Africa
Bo van Elzakker
gro co ou s o ns u e, e e er an s
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Background
Twenty years of experience, somewhat in CentralAmerica, Asia, but mainly in Africa
More experience in raw materials and its quality
than processing because it is not an easy thing,
Products: cocoa, coffee, instant coffee, tea, cashew,cotton sesame chillies fresh and dried fruitscanned pineapple, honey, dried herbs, spices,vanilla, shea, essential oils, tilapia and Nile perch
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Post-harvest & Processing
Post harvest on the farm, or in the village byfarmers themselves
Processing in central, often more urban locations
Pulping, fermentation, washing, drying, bagging,
Cleaning in the case of oilseeds, cereals, beans
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, Fruit drying, juicing, fruit canning
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Primary product handling
African smallholder farmers can produce goodquantities of good quality raw materials for a
competitive price, meeting various certification
requirements. What is needed:
Assistance, in-house or external, NGO or commercial
r ce ncen ve Training, experimentation, learning
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Training topics
Good farming practices Pro er harvestin , ost-harvest ractices
International quality requirements, HACCP
Measures to avoid microor anisms Salmonella, E. coli
Aflatoxin, ochratoxin
Packaging The economic benefit of quality
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Value addition without processing
Better quality Harvestin ri e, cleanliness, radin
Certifications
Bi er uantities
Other services like storage, flexibility
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Problem areas
Due to adverse growing, ripening, harvesting, storage conditions
Zero tolerance in EU
Storage facilities
Accidents during transport um ga on n e por
Irregularities due to lack of awareness and quality
mana ement
Can be done, expert input required, local service providers,
do entrepreneurs want to use and pay for it
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Interestin from socio-economic oint of view
Industrialisation: minimum size of operation One comment
Preferably not in the countryside
Power, water, telephone, roads, repairmen, educated staff
Centralised urban settin
Still generation of employment but not for farmers
Second comment
ong, a story, many a ures Supply driven
NGOs are not entrepreneurs
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Requirements on the entrepreneurs
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Particular troubles in
Sourcing sufficient volumes of certified organic
Sourcing-importing organic processing ingredients
like organic sugar Importing modern packaging machines &
materials (changing consumer preferences)
T e nee or energy e c ent, mo ern equ pment Limited know how in food processing technology
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n ro uc ng a sys em men a y
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Some considerations
For starters it takes up to five years to develop andcommercialise export volumes of a finished
product, attaining the right quality, and
certifications necessary to enter the market. But markets are ever changing
Anticipating and planning for changes in market
an consumer pre erences requ res a ast responseand flexible producer conditions.
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e canne p neapp e Shorta e in the Euro ean market, lack of ood roduct, there was one
expensive Asian product with rusting cans.
A canning company in Africa showed an interest to do it. Had beenproducing for the local market
Invited to Biofach to make contacts. Saw competition, saw prices, waslot better than local market.
Got in deeper contact with one importer who gave a CIF price. Made cost price calculation. Was promising.
Started project, group of farmers in conversion. Because start on newland, one year conversion only.
upp er o cans stoppe supp y ng. ro em w t qua ty o t e cans,seam breaking. Quite some production thrown away.
Made first batch
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en ac o e nex o ac w rs cans, prov s ona a e
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Importer said taste was very good but prices were half because of new
supplier in the market.
Disillusioned. All cans produced sold off on local market.
Little market study; decided to go for 5 kg catering cans.
Other importer
Other can, find supplier, change equipment
Next year Biofach prices were back up (the one new promising supplierhad not emerged).
Skipped idea of catering cans.
First importer mad about TZ supplier going to other importer.
Wanted pineapple in glass jars. Modification of equipment. Glass made by one supplier, lids by another. Leaking lids
Visit by representative from importer. Could not believe his eyes.
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Need to introduce HACCP system.
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Contract made. Labels sent. Pre finance sent.
Change of factory manager Problems in getting pineapples to factory because of bad road.
Des ite EU funds available slow re air of road
Delay in making the order (past Christmas)
One container shipped, stuck in port.
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Importer mad, had to cancel contracts, slow sales, no repeat order
Farmers organized, sell their pineapples as a group locally, and makebetter mone .
Also, because of farmer organization, got borehole in the village.
Done a lot on farming practices, firewood planting
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Project a success?