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OSHA Office of Training & Education 1
Stairways and Ladders
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OSHA Office of Training & Education 2
Stairways and ladders causemany injuries and fatalitiesamong construction workers
About half the injuries causedby slips, trips and falls fromladders and stairways requiretime off the job
Hazards
Improper use of the top
rung of a step ladder
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OSHA Office of Training & Education 3
At the end of this training, you should be able tolist or describe:
Safety guidelines and requirements for stairways
used at a construction site
Safe practices and requirements for laddersused at a construction site
Slips, Trips and Falls
On Stairways and Ladders
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OSHA Office of Training & Education 4
There must be a stairway or ladder at points of accesswhere there is an elevation break of19 inches or more.
At least one point of access must be kept clear.
19 inches
Break in elevation
Stairway or Ladder
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Handrail vs. Stairrail
Stairrail HandrailSystem
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Rails must be able
to withstand aforce of 200
pounds
Handrail and
Top Rail Strength
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OSHA Office of Training & Education 7
Handrails
Stairways with four or
more risers, or higher
than 30 inches, must
be equipped with at
least one handrail.
The stairway to this platform has more than 4 risers
and is not guarded. The platform requires guarding.
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OSHA Office of Training & Education 8
Stairways with four or
more risers or more
than 30 inches high
must have a stairrailalong each unprotected
side or edge.
Stairrails
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OSHA Office of Training & Education 9
Install between 30
and 50 degrees.
Must have uniformriser height and
tread depth, with
less than a 1/4-inch
variation.
Unifo
rm-30&
50de
g.angle
No more than 1/4 inchNo more than 1/4 inch
variation in any stairway systemvariation in any stairway system
Stairs
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OSHA Office of Training & Education 10
Only use pan
stairs if filled with
filler material atleast to the top
edge of each pan.
Pan
Temporary Stairways
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OSHA Office of Training & Education 11
Stairways landings must
be at least 30 inches deep
and 22 inches wide at
every 12 feet or less ofvertical rise
Unprotected sides of
landings must havestandard 42 inch guardrail
systems
Stairway Landings
Landing
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Where doors or gates
open directly on a
stairway, provide a
platform that extends at
least 20 inches beyond the
swing of the door.
Platforms and Swing Doors
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Dangerous Conditions
Fix slippery conditions
before using.
Stairway parts must be
free of projections which
may cause injuries or
snag clothing.
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OSHA Office of Training & Education 14
Ladders
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Ladders must be kept in a safe condition
-- DO Keep the area around the top and bottomof a ladder clear
Ensure rungs, cleats, and steps are leveland uniformly spaced
Ensure rungs are spaced 10 to 14 inchesapart
Keep ladders free from slipping hazards
General Ladder Requirements
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Use ladders only for their designedpurpose
-- DONT
Tie ladders together to make longersections, unless designed for suchuse
Use single rail ladders
Load ladders beyond the maximumload for which they were built, norbeyond the manufacturers ratedcapacity
General Ladder Requirements
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Securing Ladders
Secure ladders to preventaccidental movement due toworkplace activity
Only use ladders on stableand level surfaces, unlesssecured
Do not use ladders on
slippery surfaces unlesssecured or provided withslip-resistant feet
This ladder is not on a
stable surface
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Inspect before use for cracks,dents, and missing rungs
Design or treat rungs to
minimize slipping
Side rails -- at least 11 1/2
inches apart
Must support 4 times themaximum load
Portable Ladders
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OSHA Office of Training & Education 19
when ladders are the
only way to enter or exita working area with 25
or more employees when a ladder will
serve simultaneoustwo-way traffic
Double - Cleated Ladder
Use a double-cleated
ladder ( with center rail)
or 2 or more ladders:
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Dont paint ladders
Dont use anopaque covering
(like varnish) on a
wood ladder
Painting Wood Ladders
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OSHA Office of Training & Education 21
Ladder Angle
Non-self-supporting ladders:
(which lean against a wall or
other support)
Position at an angle wherethe horizontal distance
from the top support to the
foot of the ladder is 1/4 the
working length of the
ladder
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When using a portable
ladder for access to an
upper landing surface,
the side rails mustextend at least 3 feet
above the upper
landing surface
Ladder Rail Extension
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OSHA Office of Training & Education 23
Tall Fixed Ladder Requirements
Equip a fixed ladder 24 feet orlonger with either a:
Ladder safety device
Self-retracting lifelines with
rest platforms every 150 feet or
less
Cage or well, and multiple
ladder sections, each sectionnot exceeding 50 feet
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OSHA Office of Training & Education 24
Near Energized Electrical Equipment
If using ladders where the
employee or the ladder
could contact exposed
energized electricalequipment, they must
have nonconductive
siderails such as wood or
fiberglass.
This is an unsafe condition
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Do not use the top or
top step of a
stepladder as a step
Top Step
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Dont use
crossbracing on therear of a stepladder
for climbing - unless
the ladder is
designed for that
On this ladder the back rungsare designed for use
Crossbracing
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A competent person mustinspect ladders for visibledefects, like broken ormissing rungs
If a defective ladder isfound, immediately mark itdefective or tag it "Do NotUse
Withdraw defectiveladders from service untilrepaired
Damaged or Defective Ladders
Missing rung
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Face the ladder whengoing up or down
Use at least one hand tograb the ladder whengoing up or down
Do not carry any objector load that could causeyou to lose balance
Climbing the Ladder
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A competent person must train each employeein the following areas, as applicable:
The nature of fall hazards in the work area
The correct procedures for erecting,maintaining, and disassembling the fallprotection systems to be used
The proper construction, use, placement, and
care in handling of all stairways and ladders
The maximum intended load-carryingcapacities of ladders
Training
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SummaryKey Components for Stairway Safety
Treads
Rails
handrails
stairrails
guardrails
Landings and Platforms
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SummaryKey Components for Ladder Safety
A competent person must inspect
Use the correct ladder for the job
Use the correct angle, supports, treads,cross braces and rails
Dont overload
Your employer must train you in proper useof a ladder