Download - 3 2 major components of an ecosystem
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3-2 Major Components of an Ecosystem
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Concept To Understand
Some organisms produce the nutrients they need, others get the nutrients they need by consuming other organisms, and some recycle nutrients back to producers by decomposing the wastes and remains of organisms.
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Smallest unit of a chemical element that exhibits its chemical properties
Atom
Molecule Chemical combination of two or more atoms of the same or different elements
CellThe fundamental structural and functional unit of life
OrganismAn individual living being
Population A group of individuals of the same species living in a particular place
CommunityPopulations of different species living in a particular place, and potentially interacting with each other
Stepped Art
Ecosystem A community of different species interacting with one another and with their nonliving environment of matter and energy
Biosphere Parts of the earth's air,water, and soil where life is found
Fig. 3-4, p. 42
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Living and Nonliving Components
Abiotic › Water› Air› Nutrients› Solar energy› Rocks› Heat
Biotic› Plants› Animals› Microbes› Dead
organisms› Waste products
of dead organisms
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Soluble mineralnutrients
Producers
Decomposers
Secondaryconsumer(fox)
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Primaryconsumer(rabbit)
Producer
Oxygen (O2)Precipitation
Water
Fig. 3-5, p. 43
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Trophic Levels Producers – (autotrophs) - Make their own
food (photosynthesis) › Examples: plants, algae, phytoplankton
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Trophic Levels Consumers – (heterotrophs)- Get food by
eating other organisms Primary – eats producer or plants only
› Called a Herbivore› Examples: deer, cow, caterpillar
Secondary – eats primary consumer, or other animals.› Called a Carnivore› Examples: spiders, robins, tuna
Tertiary – eats a 2nd consumer› Examples: tigers, hawks, killer whales
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Types of Heterotrophs Already know Herbivore and
Carnivore. Omnivores – eat plants and animals
› Ex: people, pigs, bears
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Types of Heterotrophs Detrivores -Feed on the waste or dead
bodies of organisms› Examples: earthworms, some insects, vultures
Decomposers - Consumers that release nutrients from the dead bodies of plants and animals› Examples: bacteria and fungi (mushrooms)› Help release nutrients so that they can be
recycled› Without them the planet would be overwhelmed
by dead bodies, waste and plant litter
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Types of Heterotrophs Decomposers - Consumers that
release nutrients from the dead bodies of plants and animals› Examples: bacteria and fungi (mushrooms)
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Benefits of Decomposers Help release nutrients so that they can be
recycled Without them the planet would be
overwhelmed by dead bodies, waste and plant litter
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Time progression Powder broken down by
decomposers into plantnutrients in soil
MushroomWoodreducedto powder
Dry rotfungus
Termite andcarpenterant work
DecomposersDetritus feeders
Carpenterant galleriesBark beetle
engravingLong-hornedbeetle holes
Fig. 3-6, p. 44
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Production and Consumption of Energy
Photosynthesis (done by producers only)
Carbon dioxide + water + solar energy glucose + oxygen
Aerobic respiration (done by producers and consumers)
Glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water + energy
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Animation: Linked Processes
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Energy Flow and Nutrient Recycling
Ecosystems sustained through: 1. One-way energy flow from the
sun through producers to consumers 2. Nutrient recycling
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Abiotic chemicals(carbon dioxide,
oxygen, nitrogen,minerals)
Decomposers(bacteria, fungi)
Consumers(herbivores,carnivores)
Producers(plants)
Solarenergy
Heat
Heat Heat
Heat Heat
Fig. 3-7, p. 45