Download - 3 8 Main Pp
![Page 1: 3 8 Main Pp](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052321/555cb936d8b42a5f718b4620/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Launch
•What are some differences between autosomal and sex-linked traits?
•The offspring of two individuals produce 775 children with a dominant phenotype and 236 children with a recessive phenotype. What are the genotypes of the parents?
![Page 2: 3 8 Main Pp](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052321/555cb936d8b42a5f718b4620/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Molecular Genetics, Review7 March 2010
![Page 3: 3 8 Main Pp](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052321/555cb936d8b42a5f718b4620/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Our Goals
•80% Class Averages Class Celebrations for every block that makes
it•Each individual will score at least one
grade higher on the unit exam than their mock quiz▫High fliers list for everyone who scores
80% or higher
![Page 4: 3 8 Main Pp](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052321/555cb936d8b42a5f718b4620/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Molecular Genetics
•Molecular Genetics is the study of how DNA is changed into workable substances that control our bodies
![Page 5: 3 8 Main Pp](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052321/555cb936d8b42a5f718b4620/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Molecular Structures
•The three structures that we work with the most are DNA, RNA and Protein
![Page 6: 3 8 Main Pp](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052321/555cb936d8b42a5f718b4620/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
DNA Structure
•The structure of DNA is a double helix▫The strands of the helix are made of sugar
and phosphates▫Nitrogenous Bases (Adenine, Guanine,
Cytosine and Thymine) connect the strands of the helix
![Page 7: 3 8 Main Pp](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052321/555cb936d8b42a5f718b4620/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Central Dogma
•The central dogma states that DNA is changed into RNA and then into protein
DNA RNA Protein
Transcription Translation
![Page 8: 3 8 Main Pp](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052321/555cb936d8b42a5f718b4620/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Complimentary Base Pairing
•When converting DNA to DNA we use the following base pairing rules:▫A pairs with T▫T pairs with A▫G pairs with C▫C pairs with G
![Page 9: 3 8 Main Pp](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052321/555cb936d8b42a5f718b4620/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Complimentary Base Pairing
•When converting DNA to RNA, we use the following base pairing rules:▫A pairs with U▫T pairs with A▫G pairs with C▫C pairs with G
![Page 10: 3 8 Main Pp](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052321/555cb936d8b42a5f718b4620/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
CFU
![Page 11: 3 8 Main Pp](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052321/555cb936d8b42a5f718b4620/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Translation
•Translation is the process of converting RNA into proteins
![Page 12: 3 8 Main Pp](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052321/555cb936d8b42a5f718b4620/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Codons
•Three nucleotides (bases) on an mRNA sequence form a codon
•One codon codes for one amino acid
•Ex: mRNA: AUG-CUU-CUC
![Page 13: 3 8 Main Pp](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052321/555cb936d8b42a5f718b4620/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Codons
•Because codons come from RNA and RNA is determined by DNA, the order of nitrogenous bases determines what proteins are produced
![Page 14: 3 8 Main Pp](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052321/555cb936d8b42a5f718b4620/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
CFU
![Page 15: 3 8 Main Pp](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052321/555cb936d8b42a5f718b4620/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Codons
•Using a codon chart, find the amino acid sequence using the following DNA sequence
DNA: TAC-GTC-CCC-AAA-ATT-TTTmRNA: AUGProteine MET
![Page 16: 3 8 Main Pp](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052321/555cb936d8b42a5f718b4620/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Codons
Why is it important that different codons can produce the same amino acid?
UCCUCA Ser Ser
The reason for this is so that proteins wont be changed in the case of mutation!
![Page 17: 3 8 Main Pp](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052321/555cb936d8b42a5f718b4620/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
CFU
![Page 18: 3 8 Main Pp](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052321/555cb936d8b42a5f718b4620/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Mutations
•Mutations are the result of one or more nucleotide (base) changes in DNA
![Page 19: 3 8 Main Pp](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052321/555cb936d8b42a5f718b4620/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Mutations
•All mutations happen in DNA but they also effect the amino acid sequence
Types of DNA Mutations Amino acid effects
FrameshiftPoint
SilentMissenseNonsense
![Page 20: 3 8 Main Pp](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052321/555cb936d8b42a5f718b4620/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Mutations
•A frameshift mutation results in either the addition or deletion of bases
•A pointmutation results in the change of one amino acid to another
![Page 21: 3 8 Main Pp](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052321/555cb936d8b42a5f718b4620/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Mutations
•A silent mutation does not change the protein being made
•A nonsense mutation results in an early stop for the protein
•A missense mutation results in a different protein being made
![Page 22: 3 8 Main Pp](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052321/555cb936d8b42a5f718b4620/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
CFU