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Insight into EPON & GPON
Sept. 1st, 2007
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Outline
EPON vs. GPON
CTC EPON IOP
Summary
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EPON Vs. GPON
Protocol & Framing
QoS & TDM Support
System Costs
Upgrade Path
Interoperability & service migration
Split ratios, maximum reach, & traffic management
Users Forecast
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PON Framing
ITU-TGPON
125 sec 125 sec 125 sec
ATM ATM ATM
GEM GEM GEM
IEEE EPON
OAM & MPCP
No Fixed Frame
GPON is evolving
to look like EPON!
ATM GEM ATM GEM GEMATM
GPONLite
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GPON Frame Details
PCBdn
Payload n
125 us
PCBdn+1
Payload n+1
125 usRate Frame Size
1.244G 194402.488G 38880
PSync4 Bytes
Ident4 Bytes
PLOAMd13 Bytes
BIP1 Byte
PLend4 Bytes
Plend4 Bytes
US BW MapN*8 Bytes
Coverage of this BIP(Includes Payload n-1)
Coverage of next BIP(Includes Payload n)
Frame n
125 us
Frame n+1
125 usRate Frame Size1.244G 194402.488G 38880
ONT 1 Gap ONT 2 Gap ONT n Gap
PLOu
Alloc #a
PLOAMu13 bytesAlloc #a
DBRu 1
Alloc #a
Payload 1
Alloc #a
PLOAMu13 bytesAlloc #b
DBRu 1
Alloc #b
Payload 1
Alloc #b
GuardTime
SStart
Downstream
Upstream
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Protocol QoS
Neither the EPON nor the GPON specification defines the QoS mechanism
(DBA algorithm); it is out-of-scope, meaning it is up to the system/chip vendor.
EPON and GPON have ident icalservice requirements.
High-performance, QoS-capable systems can be built with either protocol.
Evaluate PON systems on performance and price, not protocol.
OAM
(In-Scope)
Framing
(In-Scope)
Physical Layer(In-Scope)
DBA
(Out-of-Scope)
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End-To-End Service Architecture
Video / IP
STB
C IS C OSY S T E M S
VoD Server
Soft Switch
PSTN
PON System: A L2/L3/L4 Ethernet Switch
Connects the Core & Home Networks
Multi-service
Strict enforcement of service contracts
Designed to reduce end-to-end cost
Core
Network
Home
Network
Triple-Play
FTTH ONT
OLT
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TDMNetwork
Data
Network
PSTN
Video
Network
Network
Mgmt
Optical
Line
Terminal
Central Office
Triple-Play Residential Customers
Telco-grade QoS is required
Jitter, wander, delay, Stratum-traceability
Must be compatible with triple-play networks
EPON & GPON: identical service-layer
requirements for TDM.
Cell Site
TDM Services over xPON
ONT
Apartment Building
Channel Bank Ethernet Switch
E1 GbE
Copper
Business
E1
GbE
ONT
ONT
n x E1
ONT ONT
ONT
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EPON Uses Less Expensive Optics Proven
GPON 1G/2G/10G EPON
Downstream
data rate (Mbps) 1244 or 2488 1000, 2500, 10000
Upstream
data rate (Mbps)155, 622, 1244 1000
Payload encapsulation GPON Encapsulation Method (GEM) Ethernet framing
Laser on/off 13 ns * 512 nsAGC 44 ns * 400 nsCDR (Clock Data Recovery) 400 ns
* Short laser on/off times in GPON require high-speed laser drivers
* Short AGC intervals in GPON require optical power leveling Additional protocol to negotiate power level
Digital interface to transceiver to set the values
* Relaxed optical specification parameters in EPON less expensive devices
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Two Very Different Choices
1.25 Gb/s
EPON
ATM
BPON
2.5 Gb/s
EPON
2.5 Gb/s
GPON
10 Gb/sEPON
100% Ethernet
Seamless Migration
100% Ethernet
Seamless Migration
New Protocol -
Forklift Upgrade?
?No roadmap beyond
2.5G for GPON.
Continuity of Services
& Network
Management.
Disruption of Services &
Network Management.
802.3ah EPON
ITU-T GPON
X
X
622 Mb/s 1.25 Gb/s 2.5 Gb/s 10Gb/s
Speed
Sup
portforAdvan
ced
Services
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1.25 & 2.5 Gb/s EPON: Line Rates & Framing
1518 Byte Packet 1518 Byte PacketPRE PRE
64 bits ofPreamble
1518 Byte P
64 bits ofPreamble
1518 Byte P 1518 Byte P 1518 Byte P
Line Rate: 2.5 Gb/s (.4 ns per bit)
Data Rate: 2 Gb/s (.5 ns per bit)
Line Encoding: 8B/10B
MPCP Timing: Time Quanta (16ns units)
2.5 Gb/s Downstream
Line Rate: 1.25 Gb/s (.8 ns per bit)
Data Rate: 1 Gb/s (1 ns per bit)Line Encoding: 8B/10B
MPCP Timing: Time Quanta (16ns units)
1.25 Gb/s Downstream
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Backward & Forward Compatibility
1.25G1.25G
1.25G
1.25G
1.25G
1.25G
1.25G
1.25G
2.5G
1.25G
1.25G
2.5G
2.5G
1.25G
1.25G
1.25G
2.5G
1.25G
1.25G
1.25G
2.5G
2.5G
2.5G 2.5G
2.5G
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Progression from 1G to 10G EPON
802.3ah:1 Gbps downstream / 1 Gbps upstream The first commercial FTTH technology with Gigabit bandwidth deployed in the world Currently specified in IEEE Std. 802.3-2005
IPTV (200 Mbps), On-Demand (200 Mbps), Internet (600 Mbps)
HTTP, FTP, Gaming, Video Telephony (1 Gbps)
ONUPSOLT
Option 1:10 Gbps downstream / 1 Gbps upstream Providing more downstream bandwidth to support advanced digital TV services CATV replacement
IPTV (5 Gbps), On-Demand (2.5 Gbps),
Internet, Gaming, etc. (2.5 Gbps)
HTTP, FTP, Gaming, Video Telephony (1 Gbps)
ONUPSOLT
Option 2:10 Gbps downstream / 10 Gbps upstream Support for advanced, bandwidth-intensive upstream and downstream services Support for more subscribers / dense deployments / MDU markets
IPTV (5 Gbps), On-Demand (2.5 Gbps),
Internet, Gaming, etc. (2.5 Gbps)
Massively Multiplayer Gaming, Video
Surveillance, Video Telephony (10 Gbps)
ONUPSOLT
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Interoperability & Service Migration
DBA Algorithm, etc.
Management Layer
(Out-of-Scope)
Management Layer
(Out-of-Scope)
Services Layer
(Out-of-Scope)
System Layer
(Out-of-Scope)
Upper PON Layer(Out-of-Scope)
Lower PON Layer(In-Scope)
Open Specification(IEEE EPON)
Allows Telcos & OEMs to
differentiate products
Management Layer
(In-Scope)
Services Layer
(In-Scope)
System Layer
(Out-of-Scope)
Upper PON Layer(Out-of-Scope)
Lower PON Layer(In-Scope)
Full Specification(ITU-T GPON)
Why are these different?
Different Objectives Different Scopes
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Scope of the IEEE 802.3 Standard
MediumDependent
Interface (MDI)
Gigabit Media
IndependentInterface (GMII)
Logical Link Control
MAC Control
Media Access Control (MAC)
Reconciliation
Physical Coding Sublayer (PCS)
Physical Medium Attachment (PMA)
Physical Medium Dependent (PMD)
Medium
Data Link
Physical
Network
Session
Presentation
Application
Transport
Open Systems
Interconnection (OSI)
Reference Model
IEEE 802.3
Layering Diagram
IEEE 802.3 covers only the Physical Layer & part of the Data Link Layer
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Interoperability: Two World Views
World View 1: PON equipment that complies with a completespecification, such as ITU-T GPON, is mandatory.
Aspiration: A complete specification leads to interoperableequipment from multiple suppliers, leading in turn to lowercost.
World View 2: PON equipment that allows transparent re-use of existingIP-based services is mandatory.
Aspiration: Interoperability at the service and management layerswithother access systems (e.g., DSL).
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Split-Ratio Myths
Logical vs physical split-ratio limits
Logical
One BPON OLT can address 253 BPON ONUs;
One GPON OLT can address 4k GPON ONUs;
One EPON OLT can address 32k EPON ONUs.
Physical
In real deployments, all technologies are limited to 1x32 or 1x64, depending onreach, condition of the fiber plant, service mix, optical performance.
There is no practical split-ratio limit for any of the PON protocols; all have ample
ONU address space.
Myth: EPON is only a 1x16 solution, while GPON supports 1x128
Statements like this combine willful mis-reading of the EPON spec, which specifies amin imumsplit-ratio of 1x16, not a maximumsplit-ratio, with some very simplistic BWutilization calculations.
Myth: GPON has twice the split-ratio because its downstream is twice as fast as EPONs 2.5G EPON is here and 10G EPON is coming soon this issue will disappear. Latency requirements, bandwidth guarantees, and fairness requirements are more
important than raw bandwidth.
Stated another way, if solution A has more raw bandwidth than solution B, but cannotdistribute that bandwidth with enough precision and accuracy to meet the SLAs, thensolution A, and its higher bandwidth, are useless.
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Traffic Management & Maximum Reach
Too much emphasis is placed on the PON protocol (EPON vs GPON), and too little
attention is paid to the traffic-management and service-level issues.
The magic of EPON is not so much that it uses Ethernet framing (although that doeslead to the lowest costs), but rather that Fiberhome has built in the traffic managementfunctions that are really needed to make the services work properly.
High-performance (or low-performance) systems in principle could be built with eitherprotocol, hence manufacturers and carriers should place highest priority on feature setand performance, not details of the framing.
Comments on maximum reach Optics performance, split-ratio, and fiber-plant particulars determine the reach, not the
PON protocol. Again there is FUD that confuses min imumrequirements in the EPONstandard with what is actually achievable (and legal) in real systems.
Basically, you can dial up very long-reach PONs using any of the protocols, providedyou are willing to choose the right optics, reduce the split ratio, etc.
None of the framing definitions contain any long-distance magic; its all about optics
and physics.
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EPON in Asia, 2007
Japan: 300k+ lines/month. NTT, KDDI, Tepco, K-Opticom, Chubu Electric, Energia, Kintetsu, & many others.
Korea: Now in mass deployment, KT and others, 1M+ new subscribers in 2007. China: 50+ EPON deployments currently underway, 400k+ new subscribers in 2007. Taiwan, Malaysia, Singapore, Hong Kong, Thailand, Indonesia, Australia, etc.
6 EPON deployments currently underway (including 3 PTTs). Cost is k ey.
Since IEEE 802.3ah appr oval in 2004, EPON equ ipment costs have decr eased by
60+% and opt ics costs have decreased by 80+%.
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Source: I nfonetics Metro Ethernet Equipment, Apri l 2006
20042009 PON Subscribers
With permission: Copyright 2006 by Infonetics Research, Inc
21.6
6.8
2.5
0
5
10
15
20
25
Su
bscri
bers
(M)
CY04 CY05 CY06 CY07 CY08 CY09BPON
GPO
NEP
ON
Calendar Year
Wor ldw ide PON Subsc r ibe rs
~ 5M EPONend
CY2006
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Source:HEAVY READING | VOL. 4, NO. 9, JUNE 2006 | FTTH WORLDWIDE MARKET & TECHNOLOGY FORECAST
20052011 FTTH Subscribers
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Connecting two Ethernet networks
Ethernet-over-GEM-over-SDHorEthernet?
ITU-T GPONorIEEE EPON?
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Lessons from History
Ethernet has won every time it has competed with higher speed and
higher efficiency technologies
Ethernet vs. Token Ring
Ethernet vs. FDDI
Ethernet vs. ATM
Ethernet vs. SONET
Ethernet vs. ATM in the DSLAM Ethernet vs. Multi-service in the Metro
Ethernet is cheap, simple, easy to install & manage
Prediction
Ethernet all the way will win a large fraction of the market.
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Outline
EPON vs. GPON
CTC EPON IOP
Summary
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CTC EPON IOP Key Features
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CTC EPON System Evaluation Test
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CTC EPON System Evaluation Test Achievements
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CTC View of EPON
EPON is mature and suitable for mass deployment in CTC
Simple, easy to develop
Sufficient chip and system vendors
Large-scale, all-around, chip-level and system-level IOP
Mass deployment in east Asia
Stable operation in the field trial of CTC for one and a halfyears
Decreasing cost
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CTC View of EPON (Cont.)
After improved by CTC spec, EPON has no distinctive andessential difference in technical capability compared withGPON
-Transport capability
-DBA & QoS-Operation & Management
-Security
-Multicast
-Fiber protection-Multi-play support
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NTT View of EPON
Two types of giga-bit PON systems have been standardized: G-PONby ITU-T and GE-PON by IEEE. Now the question is which one ismore promising? ... In Japan, we have seen a drastic pricereduction of media converters which could be realized by sharingthe technology and products of the LAN market. For services, high
quality IP Telephone and IP video are becoming critical basic FTTHservices. And for the core network, in NTT we have a full IPbackbone network for the FLETs service. Switches and routers inthe network employ Ethernet interfaces. Given these factors, wedecided to develop GE-PON as the next-generation FTTH system.
----Hiromichi Shinohara, Director of NTT Access Labs
(IEEE Communications Magazine, September 2005)
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Outline
EPON vs. GPON
CTC EPON IOP
Summary
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Summary
1. EPON is more mature & cost-effective than
GPON.
2. Both GPON & EPON will coexist in a long time.
3. Fiberhome is a FTTH leader in China.
4. With our effort, Fiberhome FTTH system will be
deployed worldwide soon.
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Thank you for attention!