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30.2 Respiration and Gas Exchange
KEY CONCEPT The respiratory system exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide.
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30.2 Respiration and Gas Exchange
NGSSS
•SC.912.L.14.36 Describe the factors affecting blood flow through the cardiovascular system. (MODERATE)
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30.2 Respiration and Gas Exchange
Gas exchange occurs in the alveoli of the lungs.
• Oxygen and carbon dioxide are carried by the blood to and from the alveoli.– oxygen diffuses from alveoli into capillary – oxygen binds to hemoglobin in red blood cells – carbon dioxide difuses from capillary into alveoli
ALVEOLI GAS EXCHANGES
capillaries
alveolus
capillary
co2
o2
Co2 diffusesinto alveolus.
O2 diffusesinto blood.
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30.2 Respiration and Gas Exchange
• Red blood cells carries carbon dioxide into the lungs• Hemoglobin is an iron-rich protein that allows more
oxygen to enter red blood cells.• Red Blood Cells carries oxygen away from lungs
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30.2 Respiration and Gas Exchange
Gas exchange occurs in the alveoli of the lungs.
• Breathing is regulated by the brain stem.
midbrainpons
medulla oblongata
spinal chord
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30.2 Respiration and Gas Exchange
Respiratory diseases interfere with gas exchange.
• Lung diseases reduce airflow and oxygen absorption.– Emphysema destroys alveoli.– Asthma constricts airways.– Cystic fibrosis produces sticky mucus.
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30.2 Respiration and Gas Exchange
• Smoking is the leading cause of lung diseases.