Today’s ObjectivesToday’s Objectives
Objective #1: Relate latitude and Objective #1: Relate latitude and the three major climate zonesthe three major climate zones
Objective #2: Describe the major Objective #2: Describe the major abiotic factors that determine the abiotic factors that determine the location of a terrestrial biomelocation of a terrestrial biome
Objective #3: Distinguish among Objective #3: Distinguish among terrestrial biomes based on climate terrestrial biomes based on climate and biotic factorsand biotic factors
Effects of Latitude and Effects of Latitude and ClimateClimate
Regardless of where you live, you are Regardless of where you live, you are affected by weather and climateaffected by weather and climate Give examplesGive examples
WeatherWeather The condition of the atmosphere at a specific The condition of the atmosphere at a specific
place and timeplace and time Latitude and climate are importantLatitude and climate are important
LatitudeLatitude
LatitudeLatitude The distance of any point on the surface The distance of any point on the surface
of Earth north or south from the equatorof Earth north or south from the equator Spans from 0 degrees at equator to 90 Spans from 0 degrees at equator to 90
degrees at the poles: Bellbrook is degrees at the poles: Bellbrook is 39.635N 39.635N
LatitudeLatitude
What is the Earth’s primary source of What is the Earth’s primary source of heat?heat? radiation from the sun-solar radiationradiation from the sun-solar radiation
Because Earth is a sphere, different Because Earth is a sphere, different levels of solar radiation reach levels of solar radiation reach different parts of its curved surface different parts of its curved surface
LatitudeLatitude
What determines the climate What determines the climate (different seasons)(different seasons) Earth’s tiltEarth’s tilt
ClimateClimate
ClimateClimate The average weather conditions in an The average weather conditions in an
area, including temperature and area, including temperature and precipitationprecipitation
Latitude has a large effect on climateLatitude has a large effect on climate Also greatly effected by elevation, Also greatly effected by elevation,
continental landmasses, ocean currents, continental landmasses, ocean currents, and windand wind
BiomeBiome A large group of similar ecosystems A large group of similar ecosystems
containing distinctive types of plants containing distinctive types of plants and other organisms; determined by and other organisms; determined by climateclimate
Many regions of the world do have Many regions of the world do have similar climate conditionssimilar climate conditions
For the Test…For the Test…
Make sure you know the tan boxes Make sure you know the tan boxes containing information about each containing information about each biomebiome
Know the following defining Know the following defining characteristicscharacteristics
TundraTundra
Exhibits a layer of permanently Exhibits a layer of permanently frozen soil below the surface called frozen soil below the surface called permafrostpermafrost May thaw up to a couple of centimeters May thaw up to a couple of centimeters
during the summerduring the summer
Boreal ForestBoreal Forest
Dense evergreen forestDense evergreen forest
Still cold, but summers are longer Still cold, but summers are longer and somewhat warmer than the and somewhat warmer than the Tundra’sTundra’s
Temperate ForestTemperate Forest
Composed mostly of broad-leaved, Composed mostly of broad-leaved, deciduous trees- trees that shed their deciduous trees- trees that shed their leaves in autumnleaves in autumn
Winters are cold, while spring is Winters are cold, while spring is warm with plenty of rain to restart warm with plenty of rain to restart the growth cycles of plants and treesthe growth cycles of plants and trees
Temperate Woodland and Temperate Woodland and ShrublandShrubland
Found in areas with less annual Found in areas with less annual rainfall than in temperate forestrainfall than in temperate forest
Areas dominated by shrubs are Areas dominated by shrubs are called Chaparralcalled Chaparral
Temperate GrasslandTemperate Grassland
Contain fertile soil that are able to Contain fertile soil that are able to support a thick cover of grassessupport a thick cover of grasses Underground stems and buds are Underground stems and buds are
protected from firesprotected from fires Drought, grazing animals, and fires Drought, grazing animals, and fires
prevent the creation of forestsprevent the creation of forests
DesertDesert
Rate of evaporation exceeds the rate Rate of evaporation exceeds the rate of precipitationof precipitation
Tropical SavannaTropical Savanna
Contains grasses and scattered trees Contains grasses and scattered trees in climates that receive less in climates that receive less precipitation that some other tropical precipitation that some other tropical areasareas
Tropical Seasonal ForestTropical Seasonal Forest
Like temperate deciduous forests, Like temperate deciduous forests, during the dry season almost all the during the dry season almost all the trees drop their leaves to conserve trees drop their leaves to conserve waterwater Much warmer thoughMuch warmer though
Tropical Rain ForestTropical Rain Forest
Warm temperatures and large Warm temperatures and large amounts of rainfallamounts of rainfall
Most diverse speciesMost diverse species
Tropical Rain ForestTropical Rain Forest
Tall, broad-leaved trees with Tall, broad-leaved trees with branches heavy with mosses, ferns, branches heavy with mosses, ferns, and orchids make up the canopyand orchids make up the canopy
Tropical Rain ForestTropical Rain Forest
Shorter trees, shrubs, and plants Shorter trees, shrubs, and plants make up another layer called the make up another layer called the understoryunderstory
Other Terrestrial AreasOther Terrestrial Areas
Polar regions are not considered true Polar regions are not considered true biomes they are ice masses and are not biomes they are ice masses and are not true land areas with soiltrue land areas with soil
Mountains do not fit the Mountains do not fit the definition of a biomedefinition of a biome
Animals/Plants depend on Animals/Plants depend on elevationelevation
MountainsMountains
Biotic communities change with Biotic communities change with increasing elevationincreasing elevation Due to different temperatures and Due to different temperatures and
amounts of precipitationamounts of precipitation