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NEW WORLD BEGINNINGS
33,000 BCE to 1769 CE
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PEOPLING OF AMERICAS Isolation leads to
slower development
Incas, Aztecs (Mexica), and the MayanMaize CultivationAnimism/
SpiritualityMathematics,
astronomy, and trans-regional trade
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EARLIEST AMERICANS Maize and
Irrigation Technology
Hunting and Gathering
Cahokia Gender Relations Three-Sister
Farming Iroquois
Confederacy
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INDIRECT DISCOVERERS OF THE NEW WORLD Crusades and Western Europe
Spices, silks, drugs, perfume, and sugar Marco Polo Indian Ocean Maritime System and Silk
Road Muslim Middlemen
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EUROPEANS ENTER AFRICA
Renaissance in Europe
Early Plantation SystemMadeira, the
Canaries, Sao Tome, and Principe
PortugueseDias 1488DeGama 1498
Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain
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COLUMBUS: “MOST SUCCESSFUL FAILURE IN WORLD
HISTORY”
Columbus’s First Voyage
Circumnavigate the Globe – Magellan
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WORLDS COLLIDE Columbian Exchange Sugar Revolution
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SPANISH CONQUISTADORS Treaty of Tordesillas
(1494) Spain Dominated
ExplorationBalboaMagellan Juan Ponce DeLeonCoronadoPizarro
Encomienda System
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CONQUEST OF MEXICO Hernan Cortes
1519MalincheMonteczuma
Small Pox Mestizo Population
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“God, Gold, and Glory”
Juan de Onate 1599 Battle of Acoma
Pope’s Rebellion 1680
Black Legend
SPREAD OF SPANISH AMERICA
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ARRIVAL OF THE ENGLISH Incentives for Colonization
Land Scarcity MercantilismReligious MotivationEnglish ReformationPuritan Separatists Irish Model
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ARRIVAL OF THE ENGLISH French and Dutch in America
New Amsterdam – French Influence First English Settlements
Spanish ArmadaGilbert and RaleighRoanoke