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Elements & PrinciplesElements & Principles
of Floral Designof Floral Design
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ElementsElements
of Floral Designof Floral DesignThe directly observable components,The directly observable components,
ingredients, and physicalingredients, and physical
characteristics of a design.characteristics of a design.
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Elements of Floral DesignElements of Floral Design
LineLine
FormForm
SpaceSpace
TextreTextre
PatternPattern
FragranceFragrance
Si!eSi!e
"olor"olor
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LineLine
The visal path#ay that directs eye
movement throgh a composition
$Distance bet#een t#o points
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Line directions:Line directions:
Vertical lines%stress height and sggest po#er
and strength
Horizontal lines%stress #idth and are peacefl
and calm, provide a sense of stabilityDiagonal line%dynamically energetic, casing
more eye movement. se sparingly
Curved line%sggest motion, bt are softer,more comforting. Eye moves 'ic(ly throgh
design.
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+ori!ontal line+ori!ontal linePeacefl and calm
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Diagonal lineDiagonal lineDynamically energetic,
sggest motion
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"rved line"rved lineSofter sggestion of
motion
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FormForm
the shape or configration of an individal
component of the composition. The
overall, three*dimensional, geometric
shape or configration of a floral
composition.
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SpaceSpace
the area in, arond, and bet#een the
components of the design, defined by the
three*dimensional area occpied by the
composition.Positive spacePositive space
egative spaceegative space
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TextreTextre
The srface 'ality of a material, asThe srface 'ality of a material, as
perceived by sight or tochperceived by sight or tochSmooth, coarse, #axy, rogh, delicate, velvetySmooth, coarse, #axy, rogh, delicate, velvety
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Textre
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Textre
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Textre
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PatternPattern
- repeated combination of line, form,- repeated combination of line, form,
color, textre, andor space.color, textre, andor space.)ariegated mar(ings, spec(les)ariegated mar(ings, spec(les
-ny element sed more than once-ny element sed more than once
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Pattern
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Pattern%#hat is repeated
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FragranceFragrance
- s#eet or pleasing odor, perceived by- s#eet or pleasing odor, perceived by
the sense of smell.the sense of smell.heightens or a#arenessheightens or a#areness
increases sensory en/oymentincreases sensory en/oyment
triggers memorytriggers memory
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sing all 0 senses
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Si!eSi!e
The physical dimensions of line, form, orThe physical dimensions of line, form, or
spacespaceFirst considerationsFirst considerations
Emotional aspectEmotional aspect
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"olor"olor
The visal response of the eye toThe visal response of the eye to
reflected rays of lightreflected rays of lightmost important design elementmost important design element
1ptical sensation, originating in the brain2s1ptical sensation, originating in the brain2s
perception of light energy reflected to the eyeperception of light energy reflected to the eye
from a pigmented srface.from a pigmented srface.
Emotional responseEmotional response
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"olor
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Principles of FloralPrinciples of Floral
DesignDesignPrinciples of design*fndamental gidelines to
aesthetic design that govern the organi!ation of theelements and materials in accordance #ith the la#s of
natre. Some primary principalsof design areassociated #ith related secondary principles of design.
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PrinciplesPrinciples
of Floral Designof Floral DesignBalanceBalanceProportionProportion
ScaleScale
DominanceDominance EmphasisEmphasis
Focal -reaFocal -rea
-ccent-ccent
RytmRytmDepthDepth
3epetition3epetition
TransitionTransition
ContrastContrast
1pposition1pposition
TensionTension
)ariation)ariation
HarmonyHarmony
!nity!nity
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BalanceBalance
gives a sense of e'ilibrim and repose,gives a sense of e'ilibrim and repose, a
feeling of three*dimensional stability.
..
Physical also (no#n as mechanical
balance%sond
)isal balance%sense of e'ilibrim
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Easily falls over1r loo(s li(e it #ill easily tip over
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)isally balanced
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4alance4alance
symmetrical "alance%(no#n as formal
balance, flo#ers are repeated on opposite
sides of the floral arrangement. sing an
imaginary central axis, one side of thearrangement is the mirror image of the other.
#symmetrical "alance%(no#n as informal
balance. Formed by placing ne'al visal#eight on each side of a central vertical axis.
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4alance
Radial "alance%radiate from a central
point li(e the spo(es of a #heel or the rays
of the sn.
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Symmetrical*one side mirrors the other
-symmetrical*t#o sides are dissimilar bt have e'al visal #eight or e'al eye
attraction #hich creates visal balance
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Symmetrical vs. -symmetrical
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3adial 4alance3adial 4alance
3adial balance**ot separate from symmetrical or asymmetrical,
bt merely a fine distinction of one or the other
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3adial 4alance
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Symmetrical bt too perfect%rendering a contrived and fa(e appearance
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ear symmetrical
ot symmetrical in placement bt arranged in a near*symmetrical pattern to
form a balanced, formal shape
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ProportionProportion
The comparative relationship in si!e,The comparative relationship in si!e,
'antity, and degree of emphasis among'antity, and degree of emphasis among
components #ithin the composition5 thecomponents #ithin the composition5 the
relationship of one portion to another, or ofrelationship of one portion to another, or ofone portion to the #hole.one portion to the #hole.design shold be 6 7 to 8 times the height ordesign shold be 6 7 to 8 times the height or
#idth of the container#idth of the container
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9ree( golden section in #hich the ration of vase to flo#ers is
: to 0 or roghly 0 to ;
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9olden mean refers to the division of a line some#here
bet#een 7 and 6: its length
Flo#er design slightly off center
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1verall si!e of a floral arrangement or its parts
compared #ith other ob/ects or their parts.
Scale floral elements #ith each other
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ScaleScale
The relative ratio of si!e, or theThe relative ratio of si!e, or the
relationship of the si!e of a composition torelationship of the si!e of a composition to
the srronding area or environment.the srronding area or environment.
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-rrangements shold fit on the table physically and visally and be in
proportion to the srronding area
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Small table small room small arrangement
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Large to permit vie#ing from a distance
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DominanceDominance
The visal organi!ation #ithin a designThe visal organi!ation #ithin a design
that emphasi!es one or more aspects.that emphasi!es one or more aspects.
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EmphasisEmphasis
The special attention or importance givenThe special attention or importance given
to one or more areas #ithin a design.to one or more areas #ithin a design.DirectsDirectseye to more important areaseye to more important areas
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Focal -reaFocal -rea
The area of greatest visal impact orThe area of greatest visal impact or
#eight#eight5 the center of interest to #hich the
eye is most natrally dra#n.
"enter of gravity or balance"enter of gravity or balance
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Focal Point
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Focal Point
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Focal Point
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-ccent-ccent
Detail added to a design to provideDetail added to a design to provide
additional interest, affecting the totaladditional interest, affecting the total
character of the composition.character of the composition.
EnlivensEnlivens
Dash of somethingDash of something
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-ccessories-ccessories
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-ccent
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-ccent
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3hythm3hythm
Flo# or movement characteri!ed byFlo# or movement characteri!ed by
reglar recrrence of elements or featresreglar recrrence of elements or featres
se repeated patterns and gracefl
spacing.
The goal is to create a visal path#ay that
leads the vie#er2s eye arond and throgh
the design, then bac( to the focal point.
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DepthDepth
TThree*dimensional arrangementhree*dimensional arrangementoverlap or angle flo#ersoverlap or angle flo#ers
place bright, dar( flo#ers on the bottom of theplace bright, dar( flo#ers on the bottom of the
arrangement, lighter and smaller at the toparrangement, lighter and smaller at the top
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3epetition3epetition
The recrrence of li(e elements #ithin aThe recrrence of li(e elements #ithin a
compositioncomposition
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3epetition
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TransitionTransition
The ease of visal movement #hichThe ease of visal movement #hich
reslts from gradal degrees of changereslts from gradal degrees of change
among one or more of the elementsamong one or more of the elements
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"ontrast"ontrast
Emphasis by means of differenceEmphasis by means of difference.
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"ontrast**color
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1pposition1pposition
"ontrast bet#een elements #hich are"ontrast bet#een elements #hich are
conterpoint in relation to each other.conterpoint in relation to each other."all attention to each other by being opposite"all attention to each other by being opposite
#hereas contrast is simply different from each#hereas contrast is simply different from eachotherother
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1 i i bl ( & hi
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1pposition%blac( & #hite
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"ontrast in color simplest #ay to create strong focal point
T i
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TensionTension
=mplying or sggesting a sense of energy=mplying or sggesting a sense of energyPolarity%dra#n together or pshed apartPolarity%dra#n together or pshed apart
>not a leaf*energy has been exerted or applied>not a leaf*energy has been exerted or applied
e# blb forcing ot of soile# blb forcing ot of soil
3eady to spring or snap3eady to spring or snap
Tension%something is #aiting to
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Tension something is #aiting to
happen
http://www.chicagotribune.com/topic/services-shopping/candy-flowers-gifts/T50014000.topichttp://www.chicagotribune.com/topic/services-shopping/candy-flowers-gifts/T50014000.topic -
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) i ti) i ti
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)ariation)ariation
Dissimilarity among attribtes orDissimilarity among attribtes or
characteristics.characteristics.Diversity among elementsDiversity among elements
)ary stages of development)ary stages of development-ll one color of flo#er, bt different flo#ers-ll one color of flo#er, bt different flo#ers
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Proximity*combining flo#ers into one design
3epetition*repeating similar elements sch as color
Transition*providing a gradal change from one part of a design to another
HH
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HarmonyHarmony
"ompatibility5 a pleasing or congrent"ompatibility5 a pleasing or congrent
arrangement of parts.arrangement of parts.
-ll parts shold go together or-ll parts shold go together or
?harmoni!e@ #ith each other.?harmoni!e@ #ith each other.
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Lac( a sense of harmony
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+armony by added accessories #hich spport football or homecoming theme
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-ll component parts of a floral composition shold harmoni!e #ith one another. =t
is vital that the flo#ers in a design are compatible #ith one another in order to
spport an overall design style.
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Terra*cotta post and blsh tones flo#ers create a casal garden ambiance for
this celebration setting. +armony of the parts displays nity in design
!nit!nity
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!nity!nity
**the state of being one, nited, or complete**the state of being one, nited, or completein itself.in itself.
The arrangement is seen as a #holeThe arrangement is seen as a #hole
piece instead of only individal parts.piece instead of only individal parts.1neness of prpose, thoght, style, and1neness of prpose, thoght, style, and
spirit.spirit.
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-ccessories
"andles
Plms, (i#i enhance an overall harmonios theme
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Examples of Line and Stic(s
Design -ssignment
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