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Presenting a live 90-minute webinar with interactive Q&A
3D Printing: Implications for Patents,
Trademarks, Trade Secrets and Copyrights Navigating the IP Challenges With Additive Manufacturing
Today’s faculty features:
1pm Eastern | 12pm Central | 11am Mountain | 10am Pacific
Wednesday, November 11, 2015
John Cheek, Senior Corporate Counsel, Caterpillar, Peoria, Ill.
John F. Hornick, Partner, Finnegan Farabow Garrett & Dunner, Washington, D.C.
Michael Weinberg, IP and General Counsel, Shapeways, Washington, D.C.
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Legal Services Division | Global Government & Corporate Affairs Division
Law and Public Policy
John Cheek
Deputy IP Counsel
Caterpillar Inc.
Pioneer Road: Shaping the 3-D Printing Landscape
November 2015
BUILT FOR IT
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Law and Public Policy Legal Services Division | Global Government & Corporate Affairs Division 6
Klondike Highway
Pioneer Road
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Law and Public Policy Legal Services Division | Global Government & Corporate Affairs Division 7
Why 3-D Printing at a “tractor company”?
• Not just a tractor company – Construction Industries
– Resource Industries
– Energy & Transportation
– Merchandise Licensing
• Business model relies on “right part, right place, right time”
GE Caterpillar
“We seed, Others Harvest!”
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Law and Public Policy Legal Services Division | Global Government & Corporate Affairs Division 8
Licensed Merchandise
• Footwear
• Apparel
• Bags & Accessories
• Eyewear
• Watches
• Work gloves, tool belts and safety
products
• Toys
• Scale Models
• Auto and Truck Accessories
• Cell phones
• Knives
• Battery Changers / Power Converters
• Lights
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Law and Public Policy Legal Services Division | Global Government & Corporate Affairs Division 9
A Possible Future: 3-D Printed Houses In Situ?
A Cat machine?
A Cat work tool?
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Law and Public Policy Legal Services Division | Global Government & Corporate Affairs Division 10
China Villa Construction – 2015
• Jan 2015 - WinSun (China) 3-D printed a 5-story apartment building and a 1,100 square meter villa complete with decorative elements inside and out
• April 2014 – the company printed 10 houses in less than 24 hours
• Large pieces fabricated in factory, assembled on-site with steel reinforcement and insulation
• Villa costs around $161,000 to build
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Law and Public Policy Legal Services Division | Global Government & Corporate Affairs Division 11
3D Printing – New IP Threat, Same IP Threat?
• Premise: 3D printing doesn’t really create entirely new threats with respect to IP – it accelerates and amplifies the threats and demands more proactive innovation and IP management
• Analogy: Compare to evolution of music recordings:
Technology Evolution Protection Challenges/Solutions
Live broadcast to phonographs (1870s) Copying hard and media expensive
Phonographs to Reel-to-Reel Magnetic Tape (1920s) Copying easier and media cheaper
Reel-to-Reel to Compact Tape Cassette(1960s) Copying simple and media cheap
Compact Tape Cassette to Compact Digital Disc (1980s) Copy protection & Regionalization*
Compact Digital Disc to Digital Files (1990s) File sharing & Legal Battles
Digital Files to Digital Media Outlets (2000s) Digital Rights Management
* Mainly implemented for video recordings
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Law and Public Policy Legal Services Division | Global Government & Corporate Affairs Division 12
Parts: More Proprietary = More IP Protection
• “Proprietary” = owned by or otherwise exclusive to a company and protected by an exclusive legal right such as secrecy, copyright, or patent
• A "Proprietary Part" is one whose design - or at least some aspect thereof - is proprietary
• Patenting inventive part designs typically provides the strongest protection – secrecy and copyright may not stop all copying through reverse
engineering
– patents prevent the sale of copies even if copying through reverse engineering is possible.
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Law and Public Policy Legal Services Division | Global Government & Corporate Affairs Division 13
Limits of Existing IP Legal Protection Regimes
Copyright – rights arise upon creation of a “work of authorship” but copyright does not prevent will-fit copying of 3-dimensional useful articles ($)
Trademark – rights can arise by mere use of a mark but only protect against use of a confusingly similar mark and trademarks easily omitted from will-fit copies ($$$)
Patent – rights prevent will-fit copying of patented useful articles or ornamental articles but requires filing of patent application for an invention that is new and non-obvious ($$$$)
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Law and Public Policy Legal Services Division | Global Government & Corporate Affairs Division 14
Evolution of IP Laws under Consideration
• Copyright – Consider concept of “copyright-light” statutory protection with shorter term
to protect against copying of articles that are useful but not entirely dictated by function
• Trademark – Consider legislation to prevent “naked” use of OEM part numbers by will-
fitters
• Patent – Consider creative new ways to cover 3D printer models/files for inventive
parts and methods of offshore scanning/copying inventive parts for use in onshore 3D printers;
– Consider design patent reform…a la EU registration system
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Law and Public Policy Legal Services Division | Global Government & Corporate Affairs Division 15
IP and 3D Printing Threats
• A simple message – We need:
1. More inventive parts* created by our engineers and collaboration partners
(with strong/protective collaboration agreements)
(“Design For Proprietary”)
2. More patents for our inventive parts
(“Patented Parts Goals & Metrics”)
• Must commit resources for deliberate parts innovation and proactive invention harvesting and patenting
• 3D printing threat demands more vigilance and commitment
* But not just parts – see next slide
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Law and Public Policy Legal Services Division | Global Government & Corporate Affairs Division 16
IP and 3D Printing Opportunities
• New part designs – fewer DFMA “shackles” on designs
– Shapes (design patents)
– Functional configurations (utility patents)
• New materials
– Compounds
– Material-based design features
• New Validation Features
– Embedded Hidden features (voids, layer arrangements, etc.)
– Micro-Trademarks
• New Partners
– Patent Landscape Studies to identify and assess collaboration/acquisition targets
– Patent Landscape Studies to identify patent infringement risks
• New Business Practices
– “Localized” manufacturing/Print-to-Order (P-t-O)
– Digital Rights Management
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Law and Public Policy Legal Services Division | Global Government & Corporate Affairs Division 17
3-D Printing and Brand Validation
• Additive manufacturing allows internal customization not readily achievable with traditional technologies
• Consider innovative use of internal customization – Voids
– Discernable Shapes
– Trademarks?
• Trademark objectives leads to inventions and patenting
– “COMPONENT AND WATERMARK FORMED BY ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING”
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Law and Public Policy Legal Services Division | Global Government & Corporate Affairs Division 18
Print-to-Order (P-t-O)
• Controlled vs. Uncontrolled Locations & Partners
• Digital Rights Management vs. Relationship Control
• Business implications – Threat to Existing Business Models – Control of IP
– Accounting and Tax Impact
• When, Where, How much?
• Lower revenue but higher return?
– Compliance
– Safety/Liability
– Brand
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Law and Public Policy Legal Services Division | Global Government & Corporate Affairs Division 19
Legal Issues other than IP
• 3D Printing presents for risks and opportunities with respect to legal issues other than IP, for example:
– Product Warranty
– Product Safety
– Product and Environmental Regulations
– Accounting and Tax Treatment of P-t-O Revenue
– Import/Export/Local Content Requirements
– Dealer Relationships
– Supplier Relationships
– Packaging & Transportation
• Establish a “cross-functional” team of lawyers to identify and summarize key issues for leaders and project teams
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Law and Public Policy Legal Services Division | Global Government & Corporate Affairs Division 20
Claim Strategies – Pioneering The New Frontier
• Patent claims aimed at free-riding behavior of “bad guys” that copy or facilitate copying of innovative articles of manufacture – Creation or distribution of 3-D model files intended for use in 3-D printers
– Scanning of genuine articles to create 3-D model files
– Importation of offshore-origin 3-D model files
• Aimed at free-riders that hide offshore or that are effectively untouchable due to specific intent requirement for inducement
• Claims strategies to consider: – Digital 3-D Models Claims
– Beauregard Claims for 3-D Model Files
– Scan-to-Model File Method Claims
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Law and Public Policy Legal Services Division | Global Government & Corporate Affairs Division 21
Digital 3-D Model Claims
1. A computer-readable three-dimensional model suitable for use in manufacturing a mobile machine track
shoe, wherein the track shoe comprises (a) a ground engaging surface including a first grouser bar and a
second grouser bar substantially parallel to the first grouser bar; and (b) a base opposite the ground
engaging surface, the base including a first relief disposed opposite the first grouser bar and a second relief
disposed opposite the second grouser bar.
2. The computer-readable three-dimensional model of claim 1, wherein the track shoe further comprises a
third grouser bar substantially parallel to the second grouser bar and disposed proximate a leading edge of
the track shoe.
3. A computer-readable three-dimensional model suitable for use in manufacturing a mobile machine
track shoe, wherein the track shoe has an ornamental appearance as shown and described in connection
with Figures 3 through 8.
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Law and Public Policy Legal Services Division | Global Government & Corporate Affairs Division 22
Digital 3-D Model Claims
• Digital file/model product claims are likely to face §101 rejections at the USPTO and § 101 challenges in courts
• Generally, software detached from physical medium is information in the abstract (see Microsoft v. AT&T discussing a “component” under 271 (f)), but model file is not software itself
• Device profile for describing property of a device in a digital image reproduction system not §101 subject matter – See Digitech Image Technologies, 758 F.3d 1344 (2014)
• But digital data sets for use in creating dental appliances were found to “articles” by ALJ in §337 proceeding – See ITC Investigation No. 337-TA-833 & Clear Correct vs ITC
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Law and Public Policy Legal Services Division | Global Government & Corporate Affairs Division 23
Beauregard Claims – 3-D Model Files
1. A computer-readable storage medium having data thereon representing a three-dimensional model
suitable for use in manufacturing a mobile machine track shoe, wherein the track shoe comprises (a) a
ground engaging surface including a first grouser bar and a second grouser bar substantially parallel to the
first grouser bar; and (b) a base opposite the ground engaging surface, the base including a first relief
disposed opposite the first grouser bar and a second relief disposed opposite the second grouser bar.
2. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 1, wherein the track shoe further comprises a third
grouser bar substantially parallel to the second grouser bar and disposed proximate a leading edge of the
track shoe.
3. . A computer-readable storage medium having data thereon representing a three-dimensional model
suitable for use in manufacturing a mobile machine track shoe, wherein the track shoe has an ornamental
appearance as shown and described in connection with Figures 3 through 8.
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Law and Public Policy Legal Services Division | Global Government & Corporate Affairs Division 24
Beauregard-style Claims
• Beauregard-style claims are a proven approach – Commissioner states "that computer programs embodied in a tangible
medium, such as floppy diskettes, are patentable subject matter under 35 U.S.C. Sec. 101…”
– See In re Beauregard et al., 53 F.3d 1583 (Fed. Cir. 1995)
• Also see Microsoft v. AT&T, 550 U.S. 437 (2007) – A copy of software but not software in the abstract qualifies as a
“component” under §271(f)
• Tangible medium claims meet §101 requirements, but will 3-D models be transferred via “old fashioned” tangible media in the “Cloud Storage” and digital download era? In re Beauregard was almost 20 years ago…
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Law and Public Policy Legal Services Division | Global Government & Corporate Affairs Division 25
Scan-to-Model File Method Claims
1. A method of creating a computer-readable three-dimensional model suitable for use in manufacturing a
mobile machine track shoe, wherein the track shoe comprises (a) a ground engaging surface including a
first grouser bar and a second grouser bar substantially parallel to the first grouser bar; and (b) a base
opposite the ground engaging surface, the base including a first relief disposed opposite the first grouser
bar and a second relief disposed opposite the second grouser bar, said method comprising:
a. projecting light onto a three-dimensional mobile machine track shoe master, wherein the master
comprises (i) a ground engaging surface including a first grouser bar and a second grouser bar
substantially parallel to the first grouser bar; and (ii) a base opposite the ground engaging
surface, the base including a first relief disposed opposite the first grouser bar and a second
relief disposed opposite the second grouser bar;
b. receiving light reflected from said master; and
c. computer-generating a computer-readable three-dimensional model suitable for use in
manufacturing a mobile machine track shoe.
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Law and Public Policy Legal Services Division | Global Government & Corporate Affairs Division 26
Scan-to-Model File Method Claims
1. A method of creating a computer-readable three-dimensional model suitable for use in manufacturing a
mobile machine track shoe, wherein the track shoe comprises (a) a ground engaging surface including a
first grouser bar and a second grouser bar substantially parallel to the first grouser bar; and (b) a base
opposite the ground engaging surface, the base including a first relief disposed opposite the first grouser
bar and a second relief disposed opposite the second grouser bar, said method comprising:
a. projecting light onto a three-dimensional mobile machine track shoe master, wherein the master
has an ornamental appearance as shown and described in connection with Figures 3 through 8;
b. receiving light reflected from said master; and
c. computer-generating a computer-readable three-dimensional model suitable for use in
manufacturing a mobile machine track shoe.
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Law and Public Policy Legal Services Division | Global Government & Corporate Affairs Division 27
Process Patent Amendment Act of 1988
• 35 U.S.C. 271 (g) Whoever without authority imports into the United States or offers to sell, sells, or uses within the United States a product which is made by a process patented in the United States shall be liable as an infringer, if the importation, offer to sell, sale, or use of the product occurs during the term of such process patent. In an action for infringement of a process patent, no remedy may be granted for infringement on account of the noncommercial use or retail sale of a product unless there is no adequate remedy under this title for infringement on account of the importation or other use, offer to sell, or sale of that product. A product which is made by a patented process will, for purposes of this title, not be considered to be so made after -
(1) it is materially changed by subsequent processes; or
(2) it becomes a trivial and nonessential component of another product.
• 271(g) defenses not available in ITC §337 Actions
– Legislative History: “the amendments made by this subtitle shall not deprive a patent owner of
any remedies available . . . under section 337 of the Tariff Act of 1930, or under any other
provision of the law.”
– Kinik Co. v. ITC, 362 F.3d 1359 (Fed. Cir. 2004),
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Law and Public Policy Legal Services Division | Global Government & Corporate Affairs Division 28
Bayer and the requirements of §271(g)
• In Bayer v. Housey Pharmaceuticals, 340 F.3d 1367 (Fed. Cir. 2003), the court held that the “product” under 271(g) must be a physical article that was manufactured.
– The holding was unnecessarily broad since the case dealt with the specific issue of whether “product” covered mere information that was determined using the patented process.
• Since Bayer, district courts have found that software embedded in a tangible medium is a “product” that is “manufactured.”
• At least one district court has denied summary judgment, finding that a 3-D model could be construed as a “product” under 271(g).
• If targeting foreign entities, 271(g) may still have limited usefulness if the foreign entity does not itself import the digital content and instead only uploads the digital content onto a non-US based server where it can be accessed by a US entity
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Law and Public Policy Legal Services Division | Global Government & Corporate Affairs Division 29
§271(g) District Court Decisions
• CNET Networks, Inc. v. Etilize, Inc., 528 F. Supp.2d 985 (N.D. Cal. 2007)
– Involved a process for creating an electronic catalog
– Court distinguished Bayer on basis that Bayer patented process was not used in the actual manufacture a drug – Bayer process did not lead to creation of a drug
– Microsoft decision is instructive, but catalog is not simply an intangible collection of information – has a physical, tangible embodiment once expressed and stored on computer readable media
– Electronic catalog is a physical article no different from a catalog manufactured and assembled on paper
– Catalog is a “product” within the meaning of §271(g)
– Also distinguished NTP, Inc. v. Research in Motion, Ltd. , 418 F.3d 1282 (Fed. Cir. 2005)
– A catalog is a product that is bought or sold, whether its physical form is etchings on a CD-ROM, magnetic fields in a server, or ink on paper
– When passing §271(g), Congress was concerned about patented processes whose commercial value is derived from the sale of the resulting product.
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Law and Public Policy Legal Services Division | Global Government & Corporate Affairs Division 30
271(g) District Court Decisions
• Ormco Corp. v. Align Technology, 609 F.Supp.2d 1057 (C.D. Cal. 2009)
– Involved a 3-D digital model of a dental patient’s teeth – not tangible and contained in a data file
– Court characterized Bayer holding to be limited and only that “research data or information obtained from using the patented methods” could not provide basis for a §271(g) claim
– Per the court, it does not necessarily follow that anything contained in electronic format will not be a “product made” by patented methods.
– Court found CNET decision instructive and applied same logic to 3-D models
– 3-D digital model is not a mere package of information, but a “creation” produced by “practicing each step” of a patented process
– Court denied summary judgment on §271(g) claim because defendant failed to establish that the 3-D digital model is not a “product made” by a process patented in the United States.
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Law and Public Policy Legal Services Division | Global Government & Corporate Affairs Division 31
A Case for a Legislative Solution?
• Is there a need for Congress to adapt patent statute to today’s technology? – Cloud file sharing, digital transmission rather than “old fashioned” media
– Are four categories of “process, machine, manufacture, or composition of matter” in step with current technology?
– District courts are attempting to address technological evolution but more certainty will drive more investment in innovation
• Is there a need for a statutory form of protection other than a “patent” under Title 35? – Semiconductor Chip Protection Act, 17 USC 904 et seq. (1984)
• The owner of a mask work provided protection under this chapter has the exclusive rights to do and to authorize any of the following:
(1)to reproduce the mask work by optical, electronic, or any other means;
(2)to import or distribute a semiconductor chip product in which the ask work is embodied; and
(3)to induce or knowingly to cause another person to do any of the acts described in paragraphs (1) and (2).
– Vessel Hull Design Protection Act, 17 USC 1301 et seq. (1998)
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Law and Public Policy Legal Services Division | Global Government & Corporate Affairs Division 32
Now go be a pioneer!
John Cheek
Deputy IP Counsel
Caterpillar Inc.
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3D Printing Implications for IP John Hornick
November 2015
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34
First, a Disclaimer
“Are these the shadows of the things that Will be, or are they the shadows of things that May be?”
» Ebenezer Scrooge, to the Third Spirit
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What’s Different Here?
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36
What’s Different Here?
Principles
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37
What’s Different Here?
Principles
Magnitude
–All IP
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38
What’s Different Here?
Principles
Magnitude
–All IP
–Most products
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39
What’s Different Here?
Principles
Magnitude
–All IP
–Most products
–Scale/targets
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40
What’s Different Here?
Principles
Magnitude
–All IP
–Most products
–Scale/targets
Gartner: $100B by 2018
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Why?
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42
Three Reasons
Democratization of manufacturing
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43
Some People Don’t Like IP
“There is a persistent widespread belief that intellectual property law (and patents in particular) encourage innovation. This is intuitive, however, the evidence to the contrary is now overwhelming and the unavoidable conclusion is that intellectual property actually stifles innovation.”
Prof. Joshua Pearce, Materials Science, Mich Tech
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44
Three Reasons
Away from Control
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Democratization of Manufacturing
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46
Democratization of Manufacturing
Democratization of manufacturing
– No entry barriers
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47
Democratization of Manufacturing
Democratization of manufacturing
– No entry barriers
– Customers become manufacturers
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48
Democratization of Manufacturing
Democratization of manufacturing
– No entry barriers
– Customers become manufacturers
– Product demand drops
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49
Democratization of Manufacturing
Democratization of manufacturing
– No entry barriers
– Customers become manufacturers
– Product demand drops
– Blueprints replace products
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50
Democratization of Manufacturing
Democratization of manufacturing
– No entry barriers
– Customers become manufacturers
– Product demand drops
– Blueprints replace products
– Mass customization prevails
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51
Answer: Paradigm Shift
As democratization increases . . .
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52
Answer: Paradigm Shift
As democratization increases . . .
Away From Control
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53
Answer: Paradigm Shift
IP increasingly irrelevant
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54
Answer: Paradigm Shift
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55
Paradigm Shift
–Customization replaces IP
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56
Paradigm Shift
–Customization replaces IP
–IP for infrastructure
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57
Paradigm Shift
–Customization replaces IP
–IP for infrastructure
–Non-IP-based business models
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Away From Control
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59
What Would Happen if?
Anyone could make things
with virtually any functionality
away from control?
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60
Away From Control
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61
What Would Happen if?
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62
What Would Happen if?
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63
Away from Control
5 Is
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64
Away from Control
5 Is
Infringement/Illegal
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65
Away from Control
5 Is
Infringement/Illegal
Identification
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66
Away from Control
5 Is
Infringement/Illegal
Identification
Impractical or Impossible
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67
Away from Control
5 Is
Infringement/Illegal
Identification
Impractical or Impossible
Irrelevant
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Who?
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69
Who?
Designs/3D Prints
– OEMs
– Fabs
Authorized
Independent
Rogue
– Designers
– Scanners
– Customers
Designs/3D Prints
– Distributors
ISPs
peer-to-peer networks
design marketplaces/ repositories
retail
– Consumers
– Friends Networks
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When?
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71
When?
“We always overestimate the change
that will occur in the next two years and
underestimate the change that will occur
in the next ten”
Bill Gates
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Industries at Risk
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73
Industries at Risk
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Reactions
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75
Reactions
Beef up IP portfolios
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76
Reactions
Beef up IP portfolios
Lawsuits
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77
Reactions
Beef up IP portfolios
Lawsuits
Licensing
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78
Reactions
Beef up IP portfolios
Lawsuits
Licensing
Legislation
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79
Reactions
Beef up IP portfolios
Lawsuits
Licensing
Legislation
DRM
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Beefing Up Patent Portfolios
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81
Beefing Up Patent Portfolios: Methods
US Pub 2014/0020191
A method of direct three-dimensional printing onto an article of apparel, comprising:
designing a three-dimensional pattern for printing onto the article;
positioning at least a portion of the article on a tray in a three-dimensional printing system, . . .;
printing a three-dimensional material directly onto the article using the designed pattern;
. . . removing the article from the three-dimensional printing system
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82
Beefing Up Patent Portfolios: Methods
US Pub 2014/0020192
A method of three-dimensional printing and assembly of an article of apparel, comprising:
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83
Beefing Up Patent Portfolios: Methods
US Pub 2013/0306198
A method comprising:
producing a molten alloy . . .;
depositing the molten alloy to selected positions on a platen or a workpiece; and
forming a solid layer-by-layer construction of the . . .
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84
Beefing Up Patent Portfolios: Methods
US Pub 2013/0309121
A method comprising:
fusing a layer of bulk metallic glass (BMG) powder to a layer below by heating the layer of BMG powder . . .; and
forming a solid layer-by-layer construction of the BMG, wherein . . ..
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85
Beefing Up Patent Portfolios: Product by Process
US Pub 2014/0033538
A razor cartridge comprising:
a) a housing . . .;
b) a metal insert located within the housing; and
c) one or more blade assemblies . . .,
wherein said razor cartridge is formed by rapid prototyping such that said razor cartridge can be used for repeated shaving.
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86
Beefing Up Patent Portfolios: Product by Process
Valid only if product itself is patentable, regardless of process
Unpatented product does not become patentable by 3D printing it
Thorpe, 777 F.2d 695 (Fed. Cir. 1985) Amgen, 580 F.3d 1340 (Fed. Cir. 2009)
Can’t make old product patentable by filing for the process of 3D printing it
If an old product is covered by a P-by-P patent for traditional process,
patent is not infringed if product is 3D printed
Abbot Labs, 566 F.3d 1282 (Fed. Cir. 2009)
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87
Beefing Up Patent Portfolios: Digital
Blueprints
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Utility Patents
Who Infringes?
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Who Infringes?
Direct Contributory Induced
3D Printer Makers No No (substantial noninfringing
uses)
Unlikely
Blueprint Creators
(scratch, scan,
derivative)
No No (not components of patented
product)
Possibly, if
knowledge/willful
blindness
3D Printed Product
Fabricators
Yes Yes Yes
Commissioning
Party
No No Possibly, . . .
Distributors:
Designs
No No (not components of patented
product)
Possibly, . . .
Distributors:
Products
Yes Yes Yes
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Repair v. Reconstruction
If you own a patented product:
do this:
not this:
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Repair v. Reconstruction
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Repair v. Reconstruction
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Repair v. Reconstruction
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Repair v. Reconstruction
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Repair v. Reconstruction
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Design Patents
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Design Patents
To buttress utility patents
Less expensive and quicker to obtain than utility patents
Easily avoided?
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Design Patents
More Effective
Less Effective
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Design Patents
More Effective
Less Effective
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Design Patents
More Effective
Less Effective
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Design Patents
More Effective
Less Effective
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Design Patents
More Effective
Less Effective
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Copyrights
Big Issues
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Copyrights: Big Issues
What’s copyrightable?
Who infringes?
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What’s Copyrightable?
Digital
Blueprints
Unmodified
Scans
Nontrivial
Modified
Scans
3D Printable
Objects
Public Domain
Objects
Maybe (Feist) No (Feist) Maybe (Feist) No
Functional
Objects
Maybe (Feist) No
(Meshworks)
Maybe No
Nonfunctional
Objects
Yes Maybe/Maybe
Not
Probably Yes
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Trademarks
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Trademarks
Why buy brands?
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Trademarks
“Do I envision a future where we might still own the file, from an IP perspective, . . . and you can manufacture that in your home . . .? Oh yeah, that’s not that far away.” Eric Sprunk, COO
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Trademarks
“Do I envision a future where we might still own the file, from an IP perspective, . . . and you can manufacture that in your home . . .? Oh yeah, that’s not that far away.” Eric Sprunk, COO
“will people still pay for that Nike file . . . or will . . . people . . . rather brag that they . . . designed and printed their own shoes instead of simply printing a file from a company?” Michelle Matisons, 3Dprint.com
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Licensing
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Licensing
Spreads technology
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Licensing
Spreads technology
Revenue
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Licensing
Spreads technology
Revenue
Eliminates disputes
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Licensing
Spreads technology
Revenue
Eliminates disputes
Works within control if…
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Licensing
Spreads technology
Revenue
Eliminates disputes
Works within control if…
Can stifle innovation
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Licensing
Spreads technology
Revenue
Eliminates disputes
Works within control if…
Can stifle innovation
Royalty-free cross licenses
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Licensing
Spreads technology
Revenue
Eliminates disputes
Works within control if…
Can stifle innovation
Royalty-free cross licenses
3DP may disrupt WIC
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Licensing
Spreads technology
Revenue
Eliminates disputes
Works within control if…
Can stifle innovation
Royalty-free cross licenses
3DP may disrupt WIC
Does not work AFC
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Legislation
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Legislation
Personal exemption
Increased jurisdictional amount to shield personal 3D printing
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Legislation
Personal exemption
Increased jurisdictional amount to shield personal 3D printing
DMCA for patents
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Legislation
Personal exemption
Increased jurisdictional amount to shield personal 3D printing
DMCA for patents
Copyright for scans
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Legislation
Personal exemption
Increased jurisdictional amount to shield personal 3D printing
DMCA for patents
Copyright for scans
Patent protection for digital blueprints
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DRM
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DRM
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10 Years from Now
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10 Years from Now
Adapt or fail
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10 Years from Now
Adapt or fail
Different business models
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10 Years from Now
Adapt or fail
Different business models
Small is beautiful
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10 Years from Now
Adapt or fail
Different business models
Small is beautiful
IP rights/laws
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10 Years from Now
Adapt or fail
Different business models
Small is beautiful
IP rights/laws
Value-added
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Takeaways
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Takeaways
Everything will change . . .
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Takeaways
Everything will change . . .
When you can make anything AFC
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Takeaways
Everything will change
When you can make anything AFC
IP, it’s not dead yet!
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Disclaimer
These materials are public information and have been prepared solely for educational and entertainment purposes to contribute to the understanding of U.S. intellectual property law. These materials reflect only the personal views of the authors and are not a source of legal advice. It is understood that each case is fact specific, and that the appropriate solution in any case will vary. Therefore, these materials may or may not be relevant to any particular situation. Thus, the authors and Finnegan, Henderson, Farabow, Garrett & Dunner, LLP cannot be bound either philosophically or as representatives of their various present and future clients to the comments expressed in these materials. The presentation of these materials does not establish any form of attorney-client relationship with the authors or Finnegan, Henderson, Farabow, Garrett & Dunner, LLP. While every attempt was made to ensure that these materials are accurate, errors or omissions may be contained therein, for which any liability is disclaimed.
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Flickr user j_ridley2000
140
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v.
v. ( ) 141
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142
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Flickr user David Domingo 143
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Protectable by Copyright Protectable by Patent
Worth Patenting
Successfully Patented
Patented Within Last 20 Years
Produced Since 1923
144
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Flickr use James Bowe
Flickr use Mike Grauer Jr
146
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Image courtesy petful 147
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F.A.T. Lab and Sy-Lab http://fffff.at/free-universal-construction-kit/ 149
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