Download - (4) vowels (transcription & production)
Production & Perception
Transcription
VOWELS PART TWO
Eka Andriyani, S.Pd., M.Hum
In the previous subject, we have discussed about the three kinds of
phonetics.
They are:
Articulatory phonetics;
Acoustic phonetics;
Auditory phonetics.
Articulatory Phonetics → how individual speech
sound is produced or
articulated;
Acoustic Phonetics → how the process of the
physical properties of
sound transmission;
Auditory Phonetics → how a listener perceives
and understands a sound.
In the articulatory aspect of vowel
sounds, the air and human speech
organ (vocal tracks) play very important
roles in the production of each individual
speech sound.
In addition, the production and their
sound perception are also important and
are closely related.
1. PRODUCTION &
PERCEPTION OF VOWELS
Production & Perception Exercise:
Read the following sets of words with correct vowel sounds:
ki:pi:k bʌbɑ: læmæm
kɪpi:k bɑ:bɑ: læməm
ki:pɪk bɑ:bʌ ləmæm
kɪpɪk bæbɑ: lɜ:məm
kəpi:k bʌbʌ lɔ:mem
kæpɪk bɒbɑ: lu:mɜ:m
This kind of way of doing ear training work
will be helpful to look carefully at a person
pronouncing the unknown words.
In other words, by doing such an exercise,
you will be able to practice your ability of
producing some different speech sounds
while others perceiving the sounds.
2. THE TRANSCRIPTION
OF VOWELS
The transcription of the contrasting vowels in English is more difficult than the transcription of consonants because the dialects of English differ more in their use of vowels than in their use of consonants.
In addition, one of the principal problems in transcribing English phonetically is, that there are more vowel sounds than letters in the alphabet.
Symbols for Transcribing Vowels in
English:Vowels: Words:
Phonetic
Transcriptions:
[i:] see [si:]
[i] any [eni]
[ɪ] sit [sɪt]
[æ] hat [hæt]
[e] ten [ten]
[ɑ:] arm [ɑ:(r)m]
[ʌ] cup [kʌp]
[ɔ:] saw [sɔ:]
[ɒ] got [gɒt]
[ɜ:] fur [fɜ:(r)]
[ə] ago [ə’gəʊ]
[u:] too [tu:]
[ʊ] put [pʊt]
Transcribe the following contrasting
words into their Phonetic
Transcriptions:
EXERCISE-1:
1
Hood
Answer
/hʊd/
2
Hoot
Answer
/hu:t/
3
Hut
Answer
/hʌt/
4
Hot
Answer
/hɒt/
5
Heart
Answer
/hɑ:t/
6
Hat
Answer
/hæt/
7
Her
Answer
/hɜ:(r)/
8
Here
Answer
/hɪə(r)/
9
Hair
Answer
/heə(r)/
10
Hire
Answer
/haɪə(r)/
Find the errors of the phonetic
symbol for the following words:
EXERCISE-2:
1. wife [wɑ:ɪf] should be
2. stop [stɔ:p] should be
3. stomach [stʌmeɪk] should be
4. fish [fi:ʃ] should be
5. qualify [kwʌlɪfaɪ] should be
6. manage [mænədʒ] should be
7. traffic [trefɪk] should be
8. magnify [mægni:faɪ] should be
9. never [nevæ(r)] should be
10. not [nɔ:t] should be
[waɪf]
[stɒp]
[stʌmək]
[fɪʃ]
[kwɒlɪfaɪ]
[mænɪdʒ]
[træfɪk]
[mægnɪfaɪ]
[nevə(r)]
[nɒt]
11. hand [hend] should be
12. football [fʊtbol] should be
13. tea-set [tiset] should be
14. tomcat [tomkæt] should be
15. tiptoe [tIptoʊ] should be
16. avoid [ævɔId] should be
17. remain [remeIn] should be
18. roommate [rɔmmeIt] should be
19. umbrella [umbrelə] should be
20. go [goʊ] should be
[hænd]
[fʊtbɔ:l]
[ti:set]
[tɒmkæt]
[tIptəʊ]
[əvɔId]
[rImeIn]
[ru:mmeIt]
[ʌmbrelə]
[gəʊ]
Transcribe the following
words or phrases.
Then, say the words and phrases
aloud.
EXERCISE-3:
1. chocolate pudding
2. modern languages
3. impossibility
4. boisterous
5. youngster
6. another
7. diabolical
8. nearly
9. red riding hood
10. inexcusable
/ tʃɒklət pʊdɪŋ /
/ mɒdn læŋgwɪdʒ /
/ nɪə(r)li /
/ ɪmpɒsəbɪləti /
/ bɔɪstərəs /
/ jʌŋstə(r) /
/ ənʌðə(r) /
/ daɪəbɒlɪkl /
/ red raɪdɪŋ hʊd /
/ ɪnɪkskju:zəbl /
Change these Phonetic Transcriptions into
the Correct English Sentences!
ði ɜ:liəst fəʊnətɪʃns wə(r) ði ɪndɪən
grəmeərɪənz hu: wɒntɪd tə prɪzɜ:v wɒt ðeɪ
θɔ:t tə bi: ðə kərekt prənʌnsieɪʃn əv sænskrɪt
ðeə(r) məʊtɪvz wə(r) rɪlɪdʒəs ɪn ðæt ɪt wəz
veri ɪmpɔ:tnt tə ðəm ðæt ðeə(r) həʊli
skrɪptʃə(r)z ʃʊd bi: prənaʊnsd ɪn ðə trədɪʃənl
weɪ
ðeə(r) əkaʊnts əv ðə saʊnd pætn əv sænskrɪt
ɑ:(r) stɪl haɪli rɪgɑ:dɪd baɪ lɪŋgwɪsts
ANSWER:
The earliest phoneticians were the Indian
grammarians who wanted to preserve what they
thought to be the correct pronunciation of
Sanskrit.
Their motives were religious in that it was very
important to them that their holy scriptures
should be pronounced in the traditional way.
Their accounts of the sound pattern of Sanskrit
are still highly regarded by linguists.
ɪt ɪz pɒsəbl tə trænskraɪb fənetɪklɪ eni ʌtrəns
ɪn eni læŋgwɪdʒ ɪn sevrəl dɪfrənt weɪz ɔ:l əv
ðəm ju:zɪŋ ði ælfəbet ænd kənvenʃnz əv ði aɪ
pi: eɪ (ðə seɪm θɪŋ ɪz pɒsəbl wɪð məʊst ʌðə(r)
ɪntənæʃnl fənetɪk ælfəbets)
ə trænskrɪpʃn wɪtʃ ɪz meɪd baɪ ju:zɪŋ letə(r)z
əv ðə sɪmpləst pɒsəbl ʃeɪps, ənd ɪn ðə
sɪmpləst pɒsɪbl nʌmbə(r) ɪz kɔ:ld ə sɪmpl
fəʊnɪmɪk trænskrɪpʃn
Change these Phonetic Transcriptions
into the Correct English Sentences!
ANSWER:
It is possible to transcribe phonetically any utterance, in any language, in several different ways all of them using the alphabet and conventions of the IPA, (the same thing is possible with most other International Phonetic Alphabets).
A transcription which is made by using letters of the simplest possible shapes, and in the simplest possible number, is called a simple phonemic transcription.