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4.11 Vocabulary - 10/8/07• Reaction rate: The speed at which reactants
form products. Reactions rates can be modified.
• Temperature: The average kinetic energy of particles.
• Concentration: The amount of a specified substance in a unit amount of another substance.
• Surface area: A measure of the exposed area • Catalyst: A substance added to the reactants
that increases the rate of a reaction without being consumed in the process.
• Particle collisions: an interaction between particles which causes an energy transfer.
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Catalysts & Reaction Rates
PS-4.11 Explain the effects of temperature, concentration, surface area, and the presence of a catalyst on reaction rates.
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Chemical Reactions• Occur when reactants collide!• Reactants must collide with sufficient
energy to react!• It is important to consider particle
collisions when looking at reactions!
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What factors affect the rate of a reaction?
Reaction rate factors include:• Temperature• Concentration• Surface area• Catalysts
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Temperature
When temperature increases, the rate of a chemical reaction increases.
• Higher temp More collisions!
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Concentration
When reactants are concentrated, the rate of a chemical reaction will increase.
• Better odds of collision if concentrated!
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Surface AreaWhen the surface area of reactants
increases, the reaction rate increases.• Better odds of collisions with smaller
particle size!
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Catalysts• The presence of a catalyst will speed
up a chemical reaction by lowering the amount of energy needed to start a reaction
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Catalysts• Catalysts remain unchanged in a
reaction and do not change amount of product, they only change the rate of production!
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Elephant toothpaste
• Write out this formula & balance it:• Dihydrogendioxide breaks down into water & oxygen gas
• 2H2O2 2H2O + O2(g)
• What kid of equation is this?
• Decomposition
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Elephant toothpaste• 2H2O2 2H2O + O2(g)
• Think about when you get a cut & use hydrogen peroxide…. It bubbles up. That bubbly gas is oxygen.
• Hydrogen Peroxide isn’t very stable, so it is constantly breaking down.
• It’s always decomposing to water and oxygen
• Under normal conditions, the decomposition goes very slowly.
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Elephant toothpaste• 2H2O2 2H2O + O2(g)
• Do you want to see it speed up????• Add yeast, it catalyzes the
decomposition, making the reaction go much more quickly.
• Add a dish soap, the oxygen gas gets stuck in the soap making it bubbly
• Add food coloring….you get colored elephant toothpaste!
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REVIEWWhat is the average kinetic energy of
particles called?TemperatureWhat is the amount of exposed area
called?Surface areaWhat is the amount of a specified
substance in a unit amount of another substance?
Concentration
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REVIEWWhat is speed at which reactants turn
into products called?Reaction RateWhat is an interaction between particles
which causes an energy transfer?Particle collisionsWhat do you call a substance that you
add to the reactants that increases the rate of a reaction?
Catalyst
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REVIEWTrue or False: Catalysts are consumed
by the chemical reaction.
False
What is the effect of increased temperature on a chemical reaction?
It speeds up!
What is the effect of concentration on a chemical reaction?
It speeds up!
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REVIEWWhat is the effect of increased
temperature on a chemical reaction?
It speeds up!
What is the effect of a smaller surface area on a chemical reaction?
It speeds up!
Chemical reactions only occur when there is enough ___________.
Energy!