Download - 4.4 & 4.5 Notes
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TundraFound in parts of Canada, Alaska, and Siberia
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Tundra – “The Cold Desert” Found at latitudes around
the North Pole Less than 25 cm
precipitation yearly Very cold year round (-
40ºC in winter) Cold, dry, treeless region
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Tundra –“The Land of the
Midnight Sun”
Winter lasts 6 to 9 months with no daylight
Summer is short and cold with 24 hours of sunlight a day
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Tundra-
Soil is poor
PermafrostLayer of
permanently frozen soil
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TAIGA (CONIFEROUS FOREST)Found in parts of Canada, Alaska, and Russia
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Taiga- Warmer and wetter
than the Tundra Winters are long and
cold 35 to 40 cm of
precipitation yearly (mostly snow)
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TEMPERATE DECIDUOUS FOREST
Found in Europe, the eastern part of the U.S.A., and China
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Temperate Deciduous Forest
Found below 50ºN latitude
75 to 150 cm precipitation yearly
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Temperate Deciduous Forest
Wide range of temperatures with 4 seasons
Below freezing in winter to 30ºC in summer
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Layers of Vegetation
Canopy
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Layers of Vegetation
Understory
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Layers of Vegetation
Forest floor
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Tropical Rain ForestFound near the equator in Africa, South America, Australia, and the Pacific Islands
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Tropical Rain Forest
Found near the equator
200 to 225 cm precipitation yearly
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Tropical Rain Forest
Hot and humid all year
Temperatures are fairly constant around 25ºC
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Grassland - Prairie“The Bread Basket of the World”
Found on every continent.
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Grassland
Wet seasons followed by a season of drought
25 to 75 cm precipitation yearly
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DesertFound on every continent.The driest biome on Earth
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Desert
Very little rainfall Extreme
temperatures- Very hot during the day and cool at night
Less than25 cm precipitation yearly
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Water Depth Water depth strongly influences
aquatic life because sunlight penetrates only a relatively short distance through water.
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Temperature and Currents
Temperature in aquatic habitats also often varies with depth. The deepest parts of lakes and oceans are often colder than surface waters.
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Freshwater Wetlands A wetland is an ecosystem in which
water either covers the soil or is present at or near the surface for at least part of the year.
Wetlands are often nutrient-rich, highly productive, and serve as breeding grounds for many organisms.
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An estuary is a special kind of wetland, formed where a river meets the sea.
Estuaries contain a mixture of fresh water and salt water