Copyright 2007
4D Checker: Analyzing Renovation Schedules for Requirements Compliance
1CIFE TAC 2007
4D Checker: Analyzing
Renovation Schedules for Requirements Compliance
Martin Fischer
Peggy Ho
4D
Copyright 2007
4D Checker: Analyzing Renovation Schedules for Requirements Compliance
2CIFE TAC 2007
The Big Idea: 4D Requirements Checking
3D Design:
4D Phasing Schedules: 4D
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4D Checker: Analyzing Renovation Schedules for Requirements Compliance
3CIFE TAC 2007
Definitions
• Phasing Schedule:– Developed during design– Show high-level construction activities
(e.g., “Build-out Level 9)
– Show how occupants move(e.g., “Move Tenant A to Level 9”)
• Swing space– Temporary space for occupants– Both inside and outside of building
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4D Checker: Analyzing Renovation Schedules for Requirements Compliance
4CIFE TAC 2007
Observed Problem: Three challenges in the renovation planning process
Develop Schedule
Check ScheduleChange
(Req, Scope, Design)
Challenge 1
Challenge 2
Challenge 3
Challenge 1. Difficult to keep track of:– Multiple Stakeholders– Multiple Requirements
Challenge 2. Difficult to evaluate a schedule– What are the metrics?
Challenge 3. Difficult to evaluate impact of changes– What parts of the schedule can be re-used?
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4D Checker: Analyzing Renovation Schedules for Requirements Compliance
5CIFE TAC 2007
Project A. Oops, NOT everyone fits in the building!B
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Pictures Removed. Please contact Peggy ([email protected]) directly
for more information.
Copyright 2007
4D Checker: Analyzing Renovation Schedules for Requirements Compliance
6CIFE TAC 2007
How to compare renovation schedules?Big
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Schedule using a flow chart
Schedule using Microsoft Excel
Schedule using Microsoft Word
Note: Schedules were removed to maintain anonymity of project
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4D Checker: Analyzing Renovation Schedules for Requirements Compliance
7CIFE TAC 2007
Project B. What parts of this schedule can the project manager reuse?
?
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How does a change in façade design affect the schedule?
Façade design 1
Façade design 2
Copyright 2007
4D Checker: Analyzing Renovation Schedules for Requirements Compliance
8CIFE TAC 2007
MetricsUser-Entered Information
Reasoning methodsto “check” schedule
Requirements(Occupant & Construction)
Building Configuration
Phasing Schedule
Big Idea: Our “4D Checker” will help to solve these problems
SatisfactionOf
Requirements
Cost
Duration
Efficiency
4D
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4D Checker: Analyzing Renovation Schedules for Requirements Compliance
9CIFE TAC 2007
Intuition: Building configuration, requirements, and schedule are fundamental to renovation planning
Court and Non-court occupants need building space
Project AUser-Entered Information
Requirements(Occupant & Construction)
Building Configuration
Phasing Schedule
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Pictures Removed. Please contact Peggy ([email protected]) directly
for more information.
Copyright 2007
4D Checker: Analyzing Renovation Schedules for Requirements Compliance
10CIFE TAC 2007
Intuition: Planners check by looking at the building configuration over time
Project A
Project B
Project C
Reasoning methodsto “check” schedule
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Pictures Removed. Please contact Peggy ([email protected]) directly
for more information.
Copyright 2007
4D Checker: Analyzing Renovation Schedules for Requirements Compliance
11CIFE TAC 2007
Intuition: Planners need to evaluate the schedule from many perspectives
FY'07 Swing Cost
FY'11 Swing Cost
FY'08 Cost for All Moves
FY'09 Cost for All Moves
FY'10 Cost for All Moves
FY'11 Cost for All Moves
FY'12 Cost for All Moves
Date Into Swing
Date Into Final
Mar-08 May-12
Mar-08 Jul-09
Mar-08 Jul-09
Mar-08 Jun-09
Mar-08 Jun-09
Project C
Project AMetrics
SatisfactionOf
Requirements
Cost
Duration
Efficiency
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4D Checker: Analyzing Renovation Schedules for Requirements Compliance
12CIFE TAC 2007
Limitations of current practice
Where are the occupants moving to?
Track number of courtrooms?
Requirements
Schedule
Schedule impact if a requirement changes?
Occupant Move
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4D Checker: Analyzing Renovation Schedules for Requirements Compliance
13CIFE TAC 2007
Building on Previous CIFE Research
1. 4D Process Representation: Represent construction activities in 4D (Aalami 1998, Darwiche 1989)
2. 4D Analysis: Analyze construction activities for space conflicts (Akinci 2002)
3. Requirements Models: Manage requirements in design (Kivineimi 2005)
4. Track occupants over time
5. Track spaces over time
6. Dynamically understand schedule impacts of changing requirements
7. Check project-specific requirements
8. Understand what, how, and when requirements are not satisfied
9. Comprehensively evaluate the schedule
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4D Checker: Analyzing Renovation Schedules for Requirements Compliance
14CIFE TAC 2007
User Entered Requirements
The 4D Checking Process
Field ExampleOccupant E
Required Value Secure
Unique ID OR-7Initial Value
Calculation Value Satisfied
Analysis AlgorithmCheck to see if Occupant E
space is "Secure"
Co
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Yes, Satisfied / No, Not Satisfied
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Requirement Type Space Attribute
Requirement Status Hard
Effective Period Total Duration
SecureNotSecure
EC
SecureNotSecure
EC
Schedule
Building*Note: If requirement is in effect, then it is highlighted in orange
3/28/2007 4/4/2007 4/17/2007Space ID
Occupant E Construction E
Office Office Office
Secure Secure SecureSpace ID
Occupant Construction E VacantSpace
Attribute(s)Office Office Office
Dates
SP-2-4
SP-2-3
Space Attribute(s)
Database of building attributes over time
Requirements
3/28/2007 4/4/2007 4/17/2007Requirement OR-7 Satisfied Not Satisfied Satisfied
*Note: If requirement is in effect, then it is highlighted in orange
Office
Secure
Dates
Database of Effective Requirements over time
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4D Checker: Analyzing Renovation Schedules for Requirements Compliance
15CIFE TAC 2007
Impact: Planners can see how and when requirements are not satisfied
RenovationRequirementsInterface
>> Occupant Requirement>> Construction Requirement>> Space>> Activities/Schedule>> Global Values
Results
Conflicts:OR-7, 3/30-4/15 – Space does not have function “Secure” for Occupant E
Occupant Requirement ID OR-7
Occupant ERequirement Type Space AttributeRequirement Rank HardValue SecureEffective Period Total Duration
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4D Checker: Analyzing Renovation Schedules for Requirements Compliance
16CIFE TAC 2007
Impact: Planners can comprehensively evaluate and compare the schedule, automaticallyCost/sf move to temp off-site swing space $15 Previous Phasing Schedule Evaluations
Cost/sf move in building $10 Schedule v1
Schedule v3
Satisfaction of Requirements 0% 100%
Total SF-Days (not including Building Common) 532,800 sf-days Occupant RequirementsTotal Vacant SF-Days 37,800 sf-days % Hard Requirements Met 83%Swing space utilization: sf-vacant days/totalsf-days 93% % Soft Requirements Met N/AMax renovation crew required 1 crew % Tentative Requirements Met 100%Total Duration 74 daysConstruction Cost $324,000 Construction RequirementsMove Cost $87,750 % Hard Requirements Met 100%% Occupants with Primary Move 50% % Soft Requirements Met 50%% Occupants with Secondary Move 50% % Tentative Requirements Met N/A
Global MetricsGlobal Metrics
3/1/2007
Planners can quickly and comprehensively: Track requirements, occupants, and spaces Evaluate schedules with specific metrics Evaluate impacts of changes
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4D Checker: Analyzing Renovation Schedules for Requirements Compliance
17CIFE TAC 2007
Research Methodology & TasksTask 1. Conduct retrospective case studies (Prior to seed funding year)• Understand the current limitations of using 4D for
renovation planning• Gather specific metrics and requirements used by
plannersDeliverable: 3-5 case studies on renovation planning
Task 2. Develop representation and reasoning methods(Sept 2007 – Mar 2008)• Find best representation for requirements and metrics• Find reasoning methods that are able to be implementedDeliverable: A collection of representation and reasoning
methods
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= Opportunity for CIFE Member Involvement
Copyright 2007
4D Checker: Analyzing Renovation Schedules for Requirements Compliance
18CIFE TAC 2007
The 4D Checking Process involves several reasoning methods
Task 3. Develop prototype system (Primary Use of Funding)(Sept 2007 – June 2008)• Use Commonpoint 4D as development platform• Enlist CS student to help with actual programmingDeliverable: A prototype system developed in Commonpoint 4D
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Reasoning methods required to:• Create building attribute database over time• Create requirements database over time• Analyze each requirement• Analyze each evaluation metric• Implement user interface
The programmer will:• Consult on implementation strategies of reasoning methods better
methods• Enable researchers to focus on content, not programming more
powerful data• Implement code
Copyright 2007
4D Checker: Analyzing Renovation Schedules for Requirements Compliance
19CIFE TAC 2007
Research Methodology & TasksTask 4. Validate method and prototype system(Jan 2008 – Sept 2008)• Test system on actual renovation projects• Compare system with traditional renovation planning
methodsDeliverable: Case studies and comparison data to show
the power/generality of 4D-based analysis
Task 5. Integrate prototype with other CIFE research(Sept 2008)• Explore the potential of integrating VDC-based analysis
and management tools• Limitations highlight future research areasDeliverable: A report describing the benefits and current
limitations of integrating analysis and management tools
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Copyright 2007
4D Checker: Analyzing Renovation Schedules for Requirements Compliance
20CIFE TAC 2007
Leverage existing resources to achieve breakthrough schedule performance
Previous CIFE Work4D Process Representation (Aalami 1998, Darwiche 1989)
Requirements Modeling (Kiviniemi 2005)4D Analysis (Akinci 2002)
Vision: Value-based, Breakthrough Schedule Performance
2010 Measurable Goals Integrate construction and occupant processes Automate requirement checking
$$$ (GSA, NSF, SGF Funding)
4D
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4D Checker: Analyzing Renovation Schedules for Requirements Compliance
21CIFE TAC 2007
Vision: Value-based, Breakthrough Schedule Performance
2010 Measurable Goals Integrate construction and occupant processes Automate requirement checking
Leverage existing resources to achieve breakthrough schedule performance
Previous CIFE Work4D Process Representation (Aalami 1998, Darwiche 1989)
Requirements Modeling (Kiviniemi 2005)4D Analysis (Akinci 2002)
$$$ (GSA, NSF, SGF Funding)
4D
$ (CIFE SEED FUNDING) • More powerful data• More CIFE member
involvement• Better Reas. Methods
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Copyright 2007
4D Checker: Analyzing Renovation Schedules for Requirements Compliance
22CIFE TAC 2007
4D Checker addresses challenges to enable planners to better manage renovation projects
Challenges in Renovation Planning
Challenge 1. Difficult to keep track of requirements
Challenge 2. Difficult to evaluate a
schedule
Challenge 3. Difficult to evaluate impact of
changes
Anticipated Practical Contributions
More comprehensive way to track requirements
More comprehensive metrics to evaluate a
schedule
More comprehensive metrics to evaluate the
impact of changes
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