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4D Printing: Integrated Properties and
Mechatronic Elements in Products
Prof. Jo Geraedts
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Alina Gafu Océ Software Romania
Atoms & Bits
bits
actuator
atoms
sensor
The future of printing 7 October 2015 2
Turning information into things, and things into information
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Alina Gafu Océ Software Romania
Atoms & Bits
bits
actuator
atom
sensor
Moore’s law: exponential growth in information processing
The future of printing 7 October 2015 3
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Supercomputer inside
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Personal processing power ● Same Processing Power: 1975 Mainframe and 2010 Smartphone ● 4.5 billion people (60%) own mobile phone (2015) ● 2.0 billion people (25%) own smartphone (3G/4G in 2015)
http://mobithinking.com/mobile-marketing-tools/latest-mobile-stats/a
1975 2015
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Alina Gafu Océ Software Romania
Internet of Things 2015
The world is becoming interconnected. Access to the internet (2015): • Millions of businesses, • 3.2 billion people (43%) and • 4.0 billion devices
(M-2-M, Internet of Things)
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bits
actuator
atoms
sensor
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Alina Gafu Océ Software Romania
Atoms & Bits
bits
actuator
atoms
sensor
3D printer
The future of printing 7 October 2015 7
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Cyber Physical Systems
Computer Embedded ICT Internet Cloud
Materials Physics
Chemistry Mechanics
Bits & Atoms
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2D Printing
Pixel: Picture Element
Material or Ink
bits
atoms
actuator
sensor
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Alina Gafu Océ Software Romania
Inkjet: Digital alternative to offset On-demand printing 10.000.000.000 droplets of 4-10 pL per sec Result is identical to the human eye
2D
The future of printing 7 October 2015 10
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Alina Gafu Océ Software Romania
2D 3D
Opportunities for 4D printing Multi-material 3D printing with raster control for each voxel: Printed results is more than a digital reproduction of injection molding
The future of printing 7 October 2015 11
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3D printing in the past
Mono material
3D Printing – Egyptian Pyramids
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Voxel: Volumetric Building Element
Multi material
3D Printing
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Case Fine Art
Multi material 3D Printing
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‘What is a painting?’
Fine Art
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Fine Art
Is this a painting?
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Fine Art
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A painting is a 3D landscape of paint. The texture/relief adds just as much to the uniqueness of a painting as the composition. We visually perceive these indirectly; by the way light is reflected from objects. Painters understand this process
[Image source: http://www.learn2paint.info]
Fine Art
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Van Gogh: “… sometimes the material, the nature of the subjects themselves, demands impasto”
Fine Art
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Fine Art reproduction research project
● No model for material appearance description
● Various aspects to appearance
● Physical - Light-material interaction
● Psychophysical – Characteristics eye
● Psychological – Image processing
● Attributes:
● Colour ● Texture
● Gloss
● Translucency
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Goal Fine Art reproduction research
Perception
Materials Painting
Materials Print
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Different imaging techniques interacting with different layers
• Developing the access, comparison and data fusion of analytical imagery
• Reconstruction original painting
sensor
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Texture reproduction Printing - Océ high resolution 3D printing technology
● 6 UV-curable inks (T W CMYK) ● Raster (voxels) printer ● Resolution 450 dpi (Apple iPhone 6: 326 dpi)
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Materials ● Color ● Transparent ● Conductive ● Soft/Hard
● What is the minimal set of materials to (re)produce visual properties on micro scale?
(Re)Production of Fine Arts
atoms
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Case Soft Robotics
Multi material 4D Printing
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Alina Gafu Océ Software Romania
Courtesy of http://www.robotshop.com/en/robotic-arms.html & http://spectrum.ieee.org/automaton/robotics/humanoids/dlr-super-robust-robot-hand
The hand of a robot arm
A sophisticated one
Standard robotic hand
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Alina Gafu Océ Software Romania
Big Hero 6: Robot Baymax
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Alina Gafu Océ Software Romania
Air pressure actuators
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Alina Gafu Océ Software Romania
Mechatronics
bits
actuator
atoms
sensor
Control
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Alina Gafu Océ Software Romania
Air
Bending actuator
actuator
The future of printing 7 October 2015 30
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Alina Gafu Océ Software Romania
Bending actuator
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Alina Gafu Océ Software Romania
Torsion Actuator
actuator
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Alina Gafu Océ Software Romania
- Mono material
- Bending bellows - Double bellow
- Torsion bellow
Air pressure robot arm
actuator sensor +
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Alina Gafu Océ Software Romania
Sensors
The future of printing 7 October 2015 34
sensor
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Alina Gafu Océ Software Romania
Torsion
The future of printing 7 October 2015 35
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Alina Gafu Océ Software Romania
- Create gestures
- Interactive handshake
Functionalities
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Alina Gafu Océ Software Romania
Integrated sensor
Shaking hands
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Materials ● Color ● Transparent ● Conductive ● Soft/Hard
● What is the minimal set of materials to design gesture, tactile and haptic properties on macro & micro scale?
Design of soft robotics
atoms
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Alina Gafu Océ Software Romania
Multi-material: Voxels Material 1
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Alina Gafu Océ Software Romania
Multi-material: Voxels Material 2
The future of printing 7 October 2015 40
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Alina Gafu Océ Software Romania
Multi-material composition
bits
atoms
The future of printing 7 October 2015 41
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Alina Gafu Océ Software Romania
Voxels in Gripper
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Alina Gafu Océ Software Romania
Voxels in Gripper
The future of printing 7 October 2015 43
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Alina Gafu Océ Software Romania
Thank you
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