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4G Wireless
Networks
Anand engineering college
Prepared by
Suraj tripathi
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Outline
Introduction
What is 4G?
What's New in 4G?
3G vs. 4G
4G Network Features
How 4G works
Challenges
Summary
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What is 4G?
A wireless access technology and is the successor of 3G.
Called "3G and Beyond".
Enables seamless roaming between technologies.
Plans on releasing the first commercial network in 2010.
NTT DoCoMo Company is testing 4G communication at100 Mbps while moving, and 1 Gbps while stationary.
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What's New in 4G?
Entirely packet-switched networks.
All network elements are digital.
Higher bandwidths to provide multimediaservices at lower cost (up to 100Mbps).
Tight network security.
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Features of 4G Networks
4G networks are all-IP(Internet Protocol) basedheterogeneous networks
This will allow users to:
Select any system atany time and anywhere
Use Multiple systemsat the same time (e.g.GPS and WLANs andCDMA)
A wide range ofapplications using onlyone 4G integrated terminal
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Features of 4G Networks (cont.)
Support interactive multimedia services:teleconferencing, wireless Internet, etc.
Wider bandwidths, higher bit rates.
Global mobility and service portability.
Low cost.
Scalability of mobile networks (>10 times the capacity of 3G).
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3G (including 2.5G) 4G
Major Requirement DrivingArchitecture Predominantly voice driven -data was always add on Converged data and voice over IP
Network Architecture Wide area cell-based Hybrid - Integration of Wireless LAN(WiFi, Bluetooth) and wide area
Speeds 384 Kbps to 2 Mbps 20 to 100 Mbps in mobile mode
Frequency Band Dependent on country or
continent (1800-2400 MHz)
Higher frequency bands (2-8 GHz)
Bandwidth 5-20 MHz 100 MHz (or more)
Switching Design Basis Circuit and Packet All digital with packetized voice
Access Technologies W-CDMA, 1xRTT, Edge OFDM and MC-CDMA (Multi CarrierCDMA)
Forward Error Correction Convolution rate 1/2, 1/3 Concatenated coding schemeComponent Design Optimized antenna design,
multi-band adaptersmulti-band adapters SmarterAntennas, software multiband andwideband radios
IP A number of air link protocols,including IP 5.0
All IP (IP6.0)
3G vs. 4G
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How 4G works (working principle)
The IP address is based on IPv6.
IPv4: X . X . X . X (32 bits)
example: 216.37.129.9
IPv6: 4 × IPv4 (128 bits)
example:
216.37.129.9 , 79.23.178.229 , 65.198.2.10 , 192.168.5.120
home
address
care-of
address
mobile IP
address
local network
address
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IPv4 vs. IPv6
IPv4 IPv6
Structure 32 bits 128 bitsSecurity Poor security Enhance security
Function Addressing1. Multi-fun. and mobile fun. are built-in
2. Plug & Play (Auto-Configuration)
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HAPS
Services
Content
GSM
UMTS
WLANBluetooth
Satellite
Wireline or WirelessNetworks(Internet)
Very widearea
Wide area Metropolitan area Local areaPersonal
area
Direct SequenceFrequencyHopping
WCDMATD-CDMA
TDMAFDD
OFDMTDD
OFDM Unspecified
ADSL
The 4G mobile network(s)
Home Add.
Mobile IP Add.Care-of Add.
Care-of Add.
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4G Systems Challenges
To migrate current systems to 4G with the featuresmentioned previously, researchers are facing a numberof challenges
These challenges are grouped into the followingdifferent aspects:
Accessing Different Networks:
Multimode Devices
Overlay Network
Terminal Mobility
Location Management
Handoff Management
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One of the most challenging problems facingdeployment of 4G technology is how to access
several and different mobile and wirelessnetworks
There are two possible architectures
Multimode Devices
Overlay Network
4G Wireless Networks Challenges
First Challenge: Accessing Different Networks
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A single physical terminal withmultiple interfaces to access thedifferent wireless networks
Advantages:
Improve call completion
Expand coverage area Reliable coverage in case of
network, link or switch failure
Disadvantages:
Complexity in the hardware ofthe device
Handoff Mechanism:
Performed by the user, device or
network
First Challenge: Accessing Different Networks1. Multimode Devices Architecture
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A user accesses an overlay network
consisting of several UAPs UAPs Functions:
Select a wireless network basedon availability and user choices
Store IPs of user, network and
devices Advantages:
Simplify hardware of device
Supports single billing
Disadvantages:
More network devices Handoff Mechanism between UAPs:
Performed by overlay network ratherthan the user or device
First Challenge: Accessing Different Networks2. Overlay Network Architecture
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4G Wireless Networks Challenges
Second Challenge: Terminal Mobility
In order to provide wireless services at any timeand anywhere, terminal mobility is a must in 4Ginfrastructure
Terminal mobility allows mobile clients to roamacross geographical boundaries of the wirelessnetworks
There are two main issues in terminal mobility: location management
handoff management
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The system tracks and locates a mobileterminal for possible connection
Location management involves handing allthe information about Roaming terminals such as original and current
location cells
Authentication information QoS capabilities
Second Challenge: Terminal Mobility 1. Location Management
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Second Challenge: Terminal Mobility2. Handoff Management
Maintain ongoing communication when the terminal roams
IP changes during handoff :
216.37.129.9,
home address care-of address mobile IP address local network address
79.23.178.229,
IPv6 within the same cell:
65.198.2.10, 192.168.5.120
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Second Challenge: Terminal Mobility2. Handoff Management
216.37.129.9,
home address care-of address mobile IP address local network address
79.23.178.229,
IPv6 when the terminal roams to another cell:
65.198.2.10, 192.168.5.120
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• Horizontal handoff is
performed when the terminal
moves from one cell to anotherwithin the same wirelesssystem.
• Vertical handoff is performed
when the terminal movesbetween two different wirelesssystems (e.g., from WLAN toGSM) .
Handoff Management (cont.)
Handoff Management Challenges
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Vertical & Horizontal handoff will increase
System load (increasing control packets)
Packet lossesHandover latency
Hard correct handoff time: because measuring
handoffs is done among different wirelesssystems
Challenges in Handoff Management
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Summary & conclusion
The key concept behind 4G systems isintegrating their capacities with all of the existingmobile technologies through advanced
technologies
The IP address system used in 4G is based onthe new technology IPv6.
4G networks is still in the development stage,and in order to utilize their new features toomany challenges must be overcome
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Thank you