Download - 5 g wireless systems
A HETEROGENEOUS WIRELESS BACKHAULNETWORKS
USING MASSIVE MIMO AND MOBILEFEMTOCELLS
Presented by
P.SAI KIRAN KUMAR(13751D6107)
M.Tech, Communication Systems
SITAMS.
Agenda
AIM HETEROGENEOUS NETWORKS ? ARCHITECTURE KEY 5G WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES BACKHAUL TRAFFIC MODELS
CENTRAL SOLUTIONS DISTRIBUTION SOLUTIONS
ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF BACKHAUL NETWORKS ADVANTAGES
AIM HETEROGENEOUS NETWORKS ? ARCHITECTURE KEY 5G WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES BACKHAUL TRAFFIC MODELS
CENTRAL SOLUTIONS DISTRIBUTION SOLUTIONS
ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF BACKHAUL NETWORKS ADVANTAGES
HET NET ?
Heterogeneous networks: small cellswithin macro cells Improve user data rate near the access point Offload data from the macro cell to the small cell Reduce transmit power (terminal and BS) Flexible deployment in dense areas
Heterogeneous networks: small cellswithin macro cells Improve user data rate near the access point Offload data from the macro cell to the small cell Reduce transmit power (terminal and BS) Flexible deployment in dense areas
4G Backhaul 60 GHz SmallCell
KEY 5G WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES
Based on the well-known Shannon theory
Bi is the bandwidth of the ith channel, Pi is the signal power of the ith channel, Np denotes the noise power.
Based on the well-known Shannon theory
Bi is the bandwidth of the ith channel, Pi is the signal power of the ith channel, Np denotes the noise power.
TO INCREASE CSUM (SYSTEMCAPACITY)
NETWORK COVERAGE HETEROGENEOUS
NETWORKS MACRO CELLS,
MICROCELLS SMALL CELLS RELAYS MFEMTOCELL
NUMBER OF SUB CHANNELS MASSIVE MIMO SPATIAL MODULATION
[SM] COOPERATIVE MIMO DAS
NETWORK COVERAGE HETEROGENEOUS
NETWORKS MACRO CELLS,
MICROCELLS SMALL CELLS RELAYS MFEMTOCELL
NUMBER OF SUB CHANNELS MASSIVE MIMO SPATIAL MODULATION
[SM] COOPERATIVE MIMO DAS
BANDWIDTH CR NETWORKS MM-WAVE
COMMUNICATIONS VLC
POWER (ENERGY-EFFICIENT OR GREEN COMMUNICATIONS).
MASSIVE MIMO
Massive MIMO (also known as “Large-ScaleAntenna Systems”, “Very Large MIMO”,“Hyper MIMO”, “Full-Dimension MIMO” and“ARGOS”)
In massive MIMO systems, the transmitterand/or receiver are equipped with a largenumber of antenna elements (typically tens oreven hundreds).
Massive MIMO (also known as “Large-ScaleAntenna Systems”, “Very Large MIMO”,“Hyper MIMO”, “Full-Dimension MIMO” and“ARGOS”)
In massive MIMO systems, the transmitterand/or receiver are equipped with a largenumber of antenna elements (typically tens oreven hundreds).
Massive MIMO can increase the capacity 10 times ormore
The capacity increase results from theaggressive spatial multiplexing used inmassive MIMO
Massive MIMO increases data rate the more antennas, the more independent
data streams can be send simultaneously.
Massive MIMO can increase the capacity 10 times ormore
The capacity increase results from theaggressive spatial multiplexing used inmassive MIMO
Massive MIMO increases data rate the more antennas, the more independent
data streams can be send simultaneously.
Massive MIMO can be built with inexpensive, low-power components
With massive MIMO, expensive, ultra-linear 50 Wattamplifiers used in conventional systems are replacedby hundreds of low-cost amplifiers with output powerin the milli-Watt range
Furthermore, in massive MIMO systems, the effects ofnoise and fast fading vanish, and intracell interferencecan be mitigated using simple linear precoding anddetection methods
Massive MIMO can be built with inexpensive, low-power components
With massive MIMO, expensive, ultra-linear 50 Wattamplifiers used in conventional systems are replacedby hundreds of low-cost amplifiers with output powerin the milli-Watt range
Furthermore, in massive MIMO systems, the effects ofnoise and fast fading vanish, and intracell interferencecan be mitigated using simple linear precoding anddetection methods
Improved energy efficiency Because the base station can focus its emitted
energy into the spatial directions where itknows that the terminals are located
Improved energy efficiency Because the base station can focus its emitted
energy into the spatial directions where itknows that the terminals are located
SPATIAL MODULATION Spatial modulation, as first proposed by haas etal ..,
SM encodes part of the data to be transmitted onto the spatialposition of each transmit antenna in the antenna array
signal constellation spatial constellationto increase the data rate
INFORMATION BITS
Log2(nb) log2(m) bits NB = number of transmit antennas M = size of the complex signal constellation diagram
Spatial modulation, as first proposed by haas etal ..,
SM encodes part of the data to be transmitted onto the spatialposition of each transmit antenna in the antenna array
signal constellation spatial constellationto increase the data rate
INFORMATION BITS
Log2(nb) log2(m) bits NB = number of transmit antennas M = size of the complex signal constellation diagram
SM is a combination of space shift keying (SSK) andamplitude/phase modulation
The receiver can then employ optimal maximum likelihood (ML)detection to decode the received signal
Spatial modulation can mitigate inter-channel interference, inter-antenna synchronization, and multiple RF chains
Multi-user SM can be considered as a new research direction tobe considered in 5G wireless communication systems
SM is a combination of space shift keying (SSK) andamplitude/phase modulation
The receiver can then employ optimal maximum likelihood (ML)detection to decode the received signal
Spatial modulation can mitigate inter-channel interference, inter-antenna synchronization, and multiple RF chains
Multi-user SM can be considered as a new research direction tobe considered in 5G wireless communication systems
CR NETWORKS
The CR network is an software definedradio technique
In CR networks, a secondary system canshare spectrum bands with the licensedprimary system
either on an interference free basis or onan interference-tolerant basis
The CR network is an software definedradio technique
In CR networks, a secondary system canshare spectrum bands with the licensedprimary system
either on an interference free basis or onan interference-tolerant basis
Interference-free CR networks
In interference-free CR networks, CRusers are allowed to borrow spectrumresources only when licensed users donot use them
CR receivers should first monitor andallocate the unused spectrums viaspectrum sensing and feed thisinformation back to the CR transmitter
In interference-free CR networks, CRusers are allowed to borrow spectrumresources only when licensed users donot use them
CR receivers should first monitor andallocate the unused spectrums viaspectrum sensing and feed thisinformation back to the CR transmitter
Interference-tolerant CR networks
In interference tolerant CR networks, CRusers can share the spectrum resourcewith a licensed system while keeping theinterference below a threshold
In interference-tolerant CR networks canachieve enhanced spectrum utilizationthe radio spectrum
Better spectral and energy efficiency.
In interference tolerant CR networks, CRusers can share the spectrum resourcewith a licensed system while keeping theinterference below a threshold
In interference-tolerant CR networks canachieve enhanced spectrum utilizationthe radio spectrum
Better spectral and energy efficiency.
MOBILE FEMTOCELL It combines the mobile relay concept (moving network)
with femtocell technology An MFemtocell is a small cell that can move around
and dynamically change its connection to anoperator’s core network.
public transport buses, trains, and even private cars. MFemtocells can improve the spectral efficiency of the
entire network. MFemtocells can contribute to signaling overhead
reduction of the network. the energy consumption of users inside an MFemtocell
can be reduced
It combines the mobile relay concept (moving network)with femtocell technology
An MFemtocell is a small cell that can move aroundand dynamically change its connection to anoperator’s core network.
public transport buses, trains, and even private cars. MFemtocells can improve the spectral efficiency of the
entire network. MFemtocells can contribute to signaling overhead
reduction of the network. the energy consumption of users inside an MFemtocell
can be reduced
VISIBLE LIGHTCOMMUNICATION
Office
Lounge
BedRoom
Indoor Free space Opticsand/or Radio
HomeGateway
PLC
cellularADSL
FTTH
RLL
B ridge
(Mesh)radio
Office
Lounge
BedRoom
Indoor Free space Opticsand/or Radio
HomeGateway
PLC
cellularADSL
FTTH
RLL
B ridge
(Mesh)radio
GREEN COMMUNICATIONS
The increase of energy consumption inwireless communication systems causes anincrease of CO2 emission indirectly
The indoor communication technologies arepromising deployment strategies to get betterenergy efficiency
VLC and mm-wave technologies can also beconsidered as energy efficient wirelesscommunication
The increase of energy consumption inwireless communication systems causes anincrease of CO2 emission indirectly
The indoor communication technologies arepromising deployment strategies to get betterenergy efficiency
VLC and mm-wave technologies can also beconsidered as energy efficient wirelesscommunication
BACKHAUL TRAFFIC MODELS
BACKHAUL TRAFFIC MODEL IN CENTRALSOLUTIONS
BACKHAUL TRAFFIC MODEL IN CENTRALSOLUTIONS
central solution
S1 serves as a feeder for user data from theadvance gateway to the MBS
X2 enables mutual information exchangeamong small cells
the aggregated backhaul traffic at the MBS isforwarded to the core network by fiber to thecell (FTTC) links
S1 serves as a feeder for user data from theadvance gateway to the MBS
X2 enables mutual information exchangeamong small cells
the aggregated backhaul traffic at the MBS isforwarded to the core network by fiber to thecell (FTTC) links
Uplink throughput of small cell
THcentra small-up= 0.04 .Bsc centra . Ssccentra
Down link throughput of small cell:
THcentra small-down = (1 + 0.1 + 0.04) . Bsc centra . Ssc centra
Bsc centra is the bandwidth of a small cellSsc centra is the average spectrum efficiency of a smallcell
Uplink throughput of small cell
THcentra small-up= 0.04 .Bsc centra . Ssccentra
Down link throughput of small cell:
THcentra small-down = (1 + 0.1 + 0.04) . Bsc centra . Ssc centra
Bsc centra is the bandwidth of a small cellSsc centra is the average spectrum efficiency of a smallcell
Uplink throughput of a macrocellTHcentra macro-up = 0.04 . Bmc centra . Smc centra,
Downlink throughput of a macrocellTHcentra macro-down = (1 + 0.1 + 0.04) . Bmc centra . Smc centra,
Bmc centra is the macrocell bandwidthSmc centra is the average spectrum efficiency of a
macrocellTotal backhaul throughput
THsum centra = THcentra sum-up + THcentra sum-down.
Uplink throughput of a macrocellTHcentra macro-up = 0.04 . Bmc centra . Smc centra,
Downlink throughput of a macrocellTHcentra macro-down = (1 + 0.1 + 0.04) . Bmc centra . Smc centra,
Bmc centra is the macrocell bandwidthSmc centra is the average spectrum efficiency of a
macrocellTotal backhaul throughput
THsum centra = THcentra sum-up + THcentra sum-down.
DISTRIBUTION SOLUTIONS
the number of adjacent small cells in acluster is assumed to be K.
Spectrum efficiencySsc
Comp = (K – 1)Sscdist
Ssc dist is the spectrum efficiency of thesmall cell in the cooperative cluster
the number of adjacent small cells in acluster is assumed to be K.
Spectrum efficiencySsc
Comp = (K – 1)Sscdist
Ssc dist is the spectrum efficiency of thesmall cell in the cooperative cluster
uplink throughput of a cooperativesmall cell
THdistsmall-up = 1.14 . Bsc
dist . Sscdist
downlink throughput of a cooperative small cellTHdist
small-down = 1.14 . Bscdist . (Ssc
dist + Ssccomp).
Bscdist is the bandwidth of the small cell
Total backhaul throughputTHsum dist = K . (THdist
small-up + THdistsmall-down).
uplink throughput of a cooperativesmall cell
THdistsmall-up = 1.14 . Bsc
dist . Sscdist
downlink throughput of a cooperative small cellTHdist
small-down = 1.14 . Bscdist . (Ssc
dist + Ssccomp).
Bscdist is the bandwidth of the small cell
Total backhaul throughputTHsum dist = K . (THdist
small-up + THdistsmall-down).
ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF 5G WIRELESSBACKHAUL NETWORKS
The energy consumption of cellular networks shouldinclude the operating energy and the embodied energy
EOP = POP . Tlifetime
POP is the BS operating powerTlifetime is the BS lifetime.
BS transmission power PTX
POP = a . PTX + b, a > 0 and b > 0.
The energy consumption of cellular networks shouldinclude the operating energy and the embodied energy
EOP = POP . Tlifetime
POP is the BS operating powerTlifetime is the BS lifetime.
BS transmission power PTX
POP = a . PTX + b, a > 0 and b > 0.
Simple model derivation
The MBS transmission power is normalized as
P0 = 40 W radius r0 = 1 km. The MBS transmission power with coverage radius r is
denoted by
PTX = P0 . (r/r0)α
α is the path loss coefficient. BS operating power with coverage radius r is expressed as
POP = a . P0 . (r/r0)α + b.BS embodied energy = the initial energy + maintenance Energy,
EEM = EEMinit + EEMmaint.
The MBS transmission power is normalized as
P0 = 40 W radius r0 = 1 km. The MBS transmission power with coverage radius r is
denoted by
PTX = P0 . (r/r0)α
α is the path loss coefficient. BS operating power with coverage radius r is expressed as
POP = a . P0 . (r/r0)α + b.BS embodied energy = the initial energy + maintenance Energy,
EEM = EEMinit + EEMmaint.
In Central Solution The System EnergyConsumption Is
the energy efficiency of the central solution isdefined as
ηcentra = THsum centra /Ecentra system.
the energy efficiency of the central solution isdefined as
ηcentra = THsum centra /Ecentra system.
In the distribution solution, the systemenergy consumption
the energy efficiency of the distribution solution isdefined as
ηdist = THsum centra /Ecentra system.
the energy efficiency of the distribution solution isdefined as
ηdist = THsum centra /Ecentra system.
CONCLUSIONS
5G networks are expected to satisfyrapid wireless traffic growth.
Massive MIMO, millimeter wavecommunications, and small celltechnologies are presented to achievegigabit transmission rates in 5Gnetworks.
5G networks are expected to satisfyrapid wireless traffic growth.
Massive MIMO, millimeter wavecommunications, and small celltechnologies are presented to achievegigabit transmission rates in 5Gnetworks.