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5.1 Indus River Valley
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1. Geography of India
• Large peninsula
• Surrounded by water on 3 sides
• Arabian Sea
• Indian Ocean
• Bay of Bengal
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• Separated from rest of Asia by Himalaya Mts.
• Barriers to travel were Hindu Kush Mts. & Himalayas
–Allowed India’s civilization to develop on its own
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• Contains 3 great rivers
• Indus
• Ganges
• Brahmaputra
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2. Indus River Valley
• 2500 BC Harrappans settled near Indus River
• River dominated their lives• Rich soil
• Flooded often
-built dikes and dams
-built houses high
-used mud bricks dried by sun and kilns
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• Grew barley, wheat, dates, peas, melon and cotton
• 1st to grow cotton
• Weaved it into cloth and dyed the cloth
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3. Cities
• Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro• About 400 miles apart• Planned communities
• Street grid• Shops• Houses
– No windows– Opened to court yard
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-buildings contained wells, bathrooms,
& drains (sanitation system)
-citadel (fortress)
-granaries
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4. Religion
• Polytheistic
• Female gods
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5. Information
• Not much is known about civilization
• Can’t decipher written language
• Most information found on jewelry (made of gold and lapis lazuli), tools, & weapons (made from stone & copper)
• Seals made from soap stone
• Government probably headed by priest-king
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• May have traded as far as Sumer
• Changes in civilization begin to occur around 1700BC
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6. Natural Barriers
• Forced civilization to develop on its own
–Thar desert
–Hindu Kush Mts.
–Himalaya Mts.
–Arabian Sea
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7. Decline
• Reasons
– Exhausted natural resources
-not enough food
- used too many trees
- Lost protection from floods
-Invaders