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To the west of England, lies
a small, almost secret
country called Wales. It is a
land of green and grey:
green fields, valleys; grey
mountains and sky, and grey
stone castles.
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A. The story of the Welsh
people is one of the
determined resistance to
invaders the Romans, the
Saxons, the Vikings, the
Normans and finally theEnglish.
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After the fall of the Roman
Empire in 410 AD, BarbarianAngels and Saxons invaded
Britain.
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Legendary kings and princes, like
King Arthur, won important victories
against the Saxons, but graduallytheses original Britons were
pushed west into the hills and
mountains of Wales.
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Welsh princes fought hard against
the English, but Wales was finally
conquered. In 1301 Edward I gavehis son the title of Prince of Wales
and in 1536 Wales was invited with
England.
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1. Match the words in English with
their Ukrainian equivalents. west
castle
resistance ,
empire
fall
to invade
gradually
to conquer
to fight hard
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B. Despite the conquest, thissmall nation of three million
people has maintained itsunique culture and strong
national identity, particularlythrough its language.
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Welsh, a Celtic language verydifferent from English, is one of the
oldest languages in Europe.
However, in in the nineteenth
century and the first half of the
twentieth century, the Welshlanguage declined.
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The British government madeEnglish the official language
and English was the only
language allowed at schools.
The number of Welsh speakers
went down from 80% to under20% of the population.
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Since the 1960s, though, therehas been a revival. Welsh,
along with English, is an officiallanguage and is spoken in the
Welsh Assembly, Wales own
regional parliament and thereis a Welsh TVchannal.
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Unscramble these words.
Ulcetru---
Ntstgo---
Encytru--- Encahln---
Iroingea----
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Complete the definitions with the
appropriate words from the text
above.
It describes something that is the only of its
kind.
To be weaker, less important, smaller.
To give someone permission.
The situation or fact when something becomesbetter, more profitable.
To keep something at the same standard or
quality as before.
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C. A tradition of storytelling,
poetry and singing began in
the castles of the Welsh
princes in the Middle Ages
and continues today. Every
year, eisteddfods are held
around the country.
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An eisteddfod is a meeting of
poets and singers, who takepart in competitions. As well
as literature in Welshlanguage, Welsh has
produced poets in Englishsuch as Dylan Thomas and
R.S.Thomas.
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Famous actors include Richard
Burton, Anthony Hopkins andCatherine Zeta-Jones. Wales is a
musical nation and choirs are
important. Nowadays, when the
national rugby team plays in the
capital, Cardiff, 80,000 voices canbe heard singing the Welsh hymn,
Bread of Heaven.
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D. The Flag of Wales, wit its redragon, is one of the oldest in the
world. It was brought to Britain by
the Romans. The patron saint of
Wales is St David, who converted
Wales to Christianity andestablished the Welsh church.
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The leek, a vegetable, isanother national symbol. St
David ordered his soldiers towear them on their helmets
before the Welsh went intobattle against the Saxons.
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Make a project about your
countrys history and its culture.
Include the following areas:
early history
difficult times;
language;
traditions;
national symbols.