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6.3 Structure of Lipids
Chapter 6 ~ The Chemistry of Life
Section 6.3 p. 157 - 163
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The Structure of Lipids
• Lipids are made of two subunits:– Glycerol– Fatty acids
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General structure of fatty acids: a type of lipid
• Fatty acids are carboxylic acids with a long hydrocarbon tail. In the general structure, "R" represents the large hydrocarbon tail.
• R generally represents a hydrocarbon chain of 3 to 19 C atoms.
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A fatty acid ~ myristic acid
• Fatty acids are carboxylic acids with a long hydrocarbon tail. In the general structure, "R" represents the large hydrocarbon tail. In this example, the hydrocarbon tail has 13 carbons.
• Myristic acid is in butterfat and coconut oil.
• It is a saturated fatty acid: the hydrocarbon tail has no double bonds.
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A fatty acid ~ oleic acid
• In this example, the hydrocarbon tail has 17 carbons.
• Oleic acid is in olive oil, peanut oil, and human fat.
• It is an unsaturated fatty acid: the hydrocarbon tail has a double bond.
• Since there is only one double bond, the fatty acid is monounsaturated.
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• Saturated fats have all single bonds.
• Unsaturated fats have at least one double bond.
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Structure of glycerol, a compound that reacts with fatty acids
• The -OH groups on glycerol can react with the -COOH groups on fatty acids, causing the fatty acid to join to the glycerol, and releasing water.
• The glycerol and 3 fatty acids react to form triglycerides.
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Glycerol and fatty acids form triglycerides
• The -OH groups on glycerol can react with the -COOH groups on fatty acids, causing the fatty acid to join to the glycerol, and releasing water.
• The glycerol and fatty acids react to form triglycerides.
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General formulas show how glycerol and fatty acids form
triglycerides
• The -OH groups on glycerol can react with the -COOH groups on fatty acids, causing the fatty acid to join to the glycerol, and releasing water.
• The glycerol and fatty acids react to form triglycerides.
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Structural formulas show how glycerol and stearic acid forms
tristearin, a triglyceride
• The -OH groups on glycerol can react with the -COOH groups on stearic acid, causing the stearic acid to join to the glycerol, and releasing water.
• The glycerol and stearic acid react to form tristearin, a triglyceride.