04/18/23Andrew Frank 1
Improve Public Transportation with Geographic Information:
Door-to-Door Public Transportation Guidance
“Zum Hotel Sacher, bitte!”
Andrew U. FrankGeoinformationTU [email protected]
04/18/23Andrew Frank 2
Overview
Motivation: a traveller at the airportNow and in the future
TechnologyUser Interface considerationsBusiness model
Research Questions
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MotivationImagine yourself
leaving the Vienna airport baggage claim area and you have a reservation at the Hotel Sacher in town next to the Opera.
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Information needed
A traveller needs a surprising amount of detailed information:
ScheduleTicketing rules and fares
(including how to operate vending machines)
Where to board trains and bussesReal-time information about when
vehicles arrive and leave
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Difficult and time consuming to collecttrip takes a total of 70 minutes, of which
30 are used to collect information, make decisions, buying tickets.
Consider also emotions: anxiety, fear of getting lost
therefore : I take the taxi!
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Information is not in a useful formatThe collection of the information from the
web is a multi-step process, requiring more knowledge than what the traveller has,
it is difficult to anticipate the exact information needs ticket prices are not always givenexact arrival time is unknown
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A future system:
Integrated guidance for travellers
The example here is for tourists, but comparable approaches can be used
for regular users, e.g. commuters.
There is extensive research for guidance of drivers of individual cars. Public transportation is the only way for the future of the city!
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Preparation phase
The reservation system has the information about the flight plan and the hotel reservation.
A detailed information for the transfer to town is printed, which includes all tickets, schedules, instruction to change etc.
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Guidance during trip:
additional information which depends on exact arrival time etc. is delivered using GSM - SMS
The traveller’s mobile phone senses location of traveller and gives location and time dependent information.
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But clear info: Use Bus!
Bus in 5 minzum Air-Terminal
dann Umsteigen in U-Bahn
Ankunft im Hotel: 16:40
>Alternative< >Ticket<
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But Ticket on the GSM phone
Einfache Fahrt
Flughafen Wien-Schwechat
Karlsplatz1 Person
annulieren weiter
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What to do with the luggage?
Airport - BusGepäck in das offeneSeitenfach stellen
Bus durch Vordertürebetreten
Ticket dem Fahrerzeigen
annulieren weiter
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Change from Bus to Metro
Umsteigen zur U-Bahn
Folgen Sie dem blauenSchild mit weissem U
Gepäck nicht vergessen !
UU
weiter
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weiter
in der U-Bahn-Stationdie Treppe für U4 hinunter.Bahn auf der linken Seite
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Go direction Hutteldorf
U-Bahn U4
Richtung Hütteldorfbis 2. Station: Karlsplatz
weiter
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... And a remainder to go off
Aussteigen!
Sie haben die Station Karlsplatz erreicht.
Hier aussteigen und nach rechts zum Ausgang weiter
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Technology
The technology is available:GSM - SMSGPSTickets over the web, Tickets on the mobile phone
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The data
The data is (mostly) available:ScheduleFares (not always)Town and road mapsReal-time position of vehicles
Integration is the problem!
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Missing: integration
A user interface issue:Build a single interface
with minimal input needs from the traveller.
Components in the system must exchange data.
Anticipate needs of traveller.Use profile of declared preferences of
traveller.
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Business model:
The value of the information provided is the time saved; such a service can be included in a travel reservation system.
It is either a billable item or a benefit a travel agent offers to his clients.
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Generalisation:
There are many similar applications of Geographic Information for particular users.
They are characterised by:- small amount of GI used- small value (1-5 $)- many users
Potential for new uses of geographic information with direct benefit to the citizen!
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Two types of GI projects
Large GIS - a complex organisation maintains a GIS for its internal use
Small GI - a service provider “sells” GI for specific purposes
Small GI fits better in the concept of ‘lean government’ and market orientation.
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Many applications for Spatial Information:Scheduling for Out-Patients in Hospitals
Routing for service vehicles, community cabs etc.
Typically achieved: 20 to 25% increase in efficiency.
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Future role of Geographic Informtion80% of all decisions have a spatial
component.20 - 25% improvement achieved (in the
long term!)
-> 20% of GNP is produced by Spatial Information.
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Research issues:
Cognition, especially spatial cognition
Economy of information, especially spatial
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Spatial Cognition
How can we identify what information a traveller needs?
Hypothesis:In the spatial environment the information needs can be identified.
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Ph.D. Research by Martin Raubal:Traveller in an airport, going to the
departure gate:Are there all the signs needed for him to reach his destination quickly and without error?
Method: Simulation of traveller and his cognitive processes.Is he provided with all the information necessary for the decisions.
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Economics of Spatial Information (Ph.D. work by Alenka Krek)The value of information is created by its
use in a decision situation.No decision, no value.Value can be estimated quantitatively as contribution to improve decision.
The value is passed from the final user back to the producer and the collector of the information.
Research directions: how to create aSpatial Information Business?