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Introduction
Leviticus 11: 1-2a)
“The Lord said to Moses and Aaron: Speak to the
Israelites and say to them . . .”
As we’ve noted previously, Leviticus is first and
foremost a book of “teaching,” and here Moses and his
brother Aaron, newly ordained as High Priest, teach the
Israelites concerning one of the fundamental aspects of
the human experience: eating.
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Land Animals
Leviticus 11: 2b-8)
“Of all the land animals these are the ones you may
eat: Any animal that has hoofs you may eat, provided
it is cloven-footed and chews the cud. But you shall
not eat any of the following from among those that
only chew the cud or only have hoofs: the camel,
which indeed chews the cud, but does not have hoofs
and is therefore unclean [impure] for you; the rock
hyrax, which indeed chews the cud, but does not have
hoofs and is therefore unclean [impure] for you; the
hare, which indeed chews the cud, but does not have
hoofs and is therefore unclean [impure] for you . . .
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Land Animals
Leviticus 11: 2b-8)
“and the pig, which does indeed have hoofs and is
cloven-footed, but does not chew the cud and is
therefore unclean for you. You shall not eat their
meat, and you shall not touch their carcasses; they are
unclean [impure] for you.
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Water Animals
Leviticus 11: 9-12)
“Of the various creatures that live in the water, you
may eat the following: whatever in the seas or in
river waters that has both fins and scales you may
eat. But of the creatures that swarm in the water or
animals that otherwise live in the water, whether in
the sea or in the rivers, all those that lack either fins
or scales are loathsome for you, and shall always be
loathsome to you. Their meat you shall mot eat, and
their carcasses you shall loath.”
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Birds
Leviticus 11: 13-19)
“Of the birds, these you shall loathe: the griffon
vulture, the bearded vulture, the black vulture, the
kite, the various species of falcons, the various species
of crows, the eagle owl, the kestrel, the long-eared
owl, the various species of hawks, the little owl, the
cormorant, the screech owl, the barn owl, the horned
owl, the osprey, the stork, the various species of
herons, the hoopoe, and the bat.”
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Winged Insects
Leviticus 11: 20-23)
“The various winged insects that walk on all fours are
loathsome for you. But of the various winged insects
that walk on all fours you may eat those that have
legs jointed above their feet for leaping on the ground;
hence of these you may eat the following: the various
kinds of locusts, the various kinds of bald locusts, the
various kinds of crickets, and the various kinds of
grasshoppers. All other winged insects that have four
legs are loathsome for you.”
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Dead Animals
Leviticus 11: 24-28)
“You become unclean by the following—anyone who
touches their carcasses shall be unclean until evening,
and anyone who carries any part of their carcasses
shall wash his garments and be unclean until evening—
by all hoofed animals that are not cloven-footed or do
not chew the cud; they are unclean for you; anyone
who touches them becomes unclean. Also by the
various quadrupeds that walk on paws; they are
unclean for you; anyone who touches their carcasses
shall be unclean until evening, and anyone who carries
their carcasses shall wash his garments and be unclean
until evening. They are unclean for you.”
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Dead Swarming Creatures
Leviticus 11: 29-40)
[Read from Text]
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Swarming Creatures
Leviticus 11: 41-45)
“All creatures that swarm on the ground are loathsome and
shall not be eaten. Whether it crawls on its belly, goes
on all fours, or has many legs—any creature that swarms
on the earth—you shall not eat them; they are loathsome.
Do not make yourselves loathsome by any swarming
creature nor defile yourselves with them and so become
unclean by them.”
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Swarming Creatures, cont.
Leviticus 11: 41-45)
“All creatures that swarm on the ground are loathsome and
shall not be eaten. Whether it crawls on its belly, goes
on all fours, or has many legs—any creature that swarms
on the earth—you shall not eat them; they are loathsome.
Do not make yourselves loathsome by any swarming
creature nor defile yourselves with them and so become
unclean by them. For I am the Lord your God. You shall
make and keep yourself holy, because I am holy. You
shall not make yourselves unclean then, by any swarming
creature that crawls on the ground. Since I, the Lord, am
the one who brought you up from the land of Egypt that I
might be your God, you shall be holy, because I am holy.”
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Conclusion
Leviticus 11: 46-47)
“This is the instruction for land animals, birds, and all
the creatures that move about in the water, as well as
any animal that swarms on the ground, that you may
distinguish between the clean and the unclean, and
between creatures that may be eaten and those that
may not be eaten.”
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