Download - 8. Asparagalesx Copy
![Page 1: 8. Asparagalesx Copy](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021219/577c812d1a28abe054abc644/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
8/18/2019 8. Asparagalesx Copy
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/8-asparagalesx-copy 1/32
Julio Betancur
Instituto de Ciencias Naturales
Universidad Nacional de Colombia
Orden Asparagales
![Page 2: 8. Asparagalesx Copy](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021219/577c812d1a28abe054abc644/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
8/18/2019 8. Asparagalesx Copy
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/8-asparagalesx-copy 2/32
“Monocotiledóneas petaloides”
ordenes Liliales, Asparagales y Dioscoreales
- Flores con tépalos vistosos y endospermo sin almidón
- Tradicionalmente se han considerado relacionadas entre sí - Orden Liliales (Cronquist 1981, Thorne 1992), superorden Lilianae (Dahlgren et al. 1985)
- Buen soporte en los análisis basados en morfología y secuencias de rbcL
- Los análisis multigénicos sugieren que el grupo no es monofilético
![Page 3: 8. Asparagalesx Copy](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021219/577c812d1a28abe054abc644/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
8/18/2019 8. Asparagalesx Copy
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/8-asparagalesx-copy 3/32
ORDENASPARAGALES
![Page 4: 8. Asparagalesx Copy](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021219/577c812d1a28abe054abc644/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
8/18/2019 8. Asparagalesx Copy
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/8-asparagalesx-copy 4/32
Monofilia soportada por morfología y moléculas
Sistemática
Características morfológicas que definen al orden
Especies con frutos carnosos tienen la cobertura externa de la semilla destruida
Las especies con frutos secos tienen fitomelanos
Asparagales vs. Liliales:
Tépalos no maculados vs. maculados
Nectarios en septos del ovario vs. base de tépalos
Algunas veces con crecimiento secundario anómalo vs. siempre herbáceas
![Page 5: 8. Asparagalesx Copy](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021219/577c812d1a28abe054abc644/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
8/18/2019 8. Asparagalesx Copy
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/8-asparagalesx-copy 5/32
Familia No. géneros No. especies
Laxmanniaceae 1 1
Agapanthaceae 1 2
Ruscaceae 1 2
Asparagaceae 1 3
FAMILIAS DE ASPARAGALES PRESENTES
EN COLOMBIA
Asphodelaceae 2 3Hypoxidaceae 2 4
Agavaceae 4 8
Alliaceae 4 8
Iridaceae 11 28
Amaryllidaceae 10 32
Orchidaceae(98%) 253 3967
290 4058
Bernal et al. 2006. Catálogo de las Plantas de Colombia
![Page 6: 8. Asparagalesx Copy](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021219/577c812d1a28abe054abc644/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
8/18/2019 8. Asparagalesx Copy
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/8-asparagalesx-copy 6/32
Iridaceae 11 28
Amaryllidaceae 10 32
Orchidaceae 253 3967
![Page 7: 8. Asparagalesx Copy](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021219/577c812d1a28abe054abc644/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
8/18/2019 8. Asparagalesx Copy
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/8-asparagalesx-copy 7/32
16-24 familias
1122 éneros
26071 especies
![Page 8: 8. Asparagalesx Copy](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021219/577c812d1a28abe054abc644/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
8/18/2019 8. Asparagalesx Copy
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/8-asparagalesx-copy 8/32
Relaciones filogenéticas
![Page 9: 8. Asparagalesx Copy](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021219/577c812d1a28abe054abc644/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
8/18/2019 8. Asparagalesx Copy
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/8-asparagalesx-copy 9/32
Monofilia: morfología y moléculas
Composición: 25 familias y 30000 especies
Principales familias: Orchidaceae
Hypoxidaceae
Iridaceae
Amaryllidaceae
Alliaceae
Agapanthaceae
Hyacinthaceae
Laxmanniaceae
AgavaceaeAsparagaceae
Convallariaceae
Asphodelaceae
Hemerocallidaceae
![Page 10: 8. Asparagalesx Copy](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021219/577c812d1a28abe054abc644/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
8/18/2019 8. Asparagalesx Copy
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/8-asparagalesx-copy 10/32
Amaryllidaceae
![Page 11: 8. Asparagalesx Copy](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021219/577c812d1a28abe054abc644/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
8/18/2019 8. Asparagalesx Copy
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/8-asparagalesx-copy 11/32
Distribución
Composición: 60 géneros, 800 especies
![Page 12: 8. Asparagalesx Copy](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021219/577c812d1a28abe054abc644/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
8/18/2019 8. Asparagalesx Copy
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/8-asparagalesx-copy 12/32
Bulbos
Hojas basales, simples, lineales, envainadoras,epecíoladas
Crinum sp.Crinum sp.
![Page 13: 8. Asparagalesx Copy](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021219/577c812d1a28abe054abc644/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
8/18/2019 8. Asparagalesx Copy
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/8-asparagalesx-copy 13/32
Inflorescencia: umbelada y escaposa
Hymenocallys sp.
Eucharis sp.
![Page 14: 8. Asparagalesx Copy](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021219/577c812d1a28abe054abc644/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
8/18/2019 8. Asparagalesx Copy
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/8-asparagalesx-copy 14/32
Zephiranthes sp.
Actinomorfa o zigomorfaPerfecta, sin olor
6 tépalos, gamotépala
6 estambres connatos (colúmna)
Ovario inferior
Flor:
Hymenocallis sp. Narcisus sp.
![Page 15: 8. Asparagalesx Copy](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021219/577c812d1a28abe054abc644/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
8/18/2019 8. Asparagalesx Copy
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/8-asparagalesx-copy 15/32
Principales Géneros
![Page 16: 8. Asparagalesx Copy](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021219/577c812d1a28abe054abc644/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
8/18/2019 8. Asparagalesx Copy
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/8-asparagalesx-copy 16/32
Crinum
![Page 17: 8. Asparagalesx Copy](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021219/577c812d1a28abe054abc644/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
8/18/2019 8. Asparagalesx Copy
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/8-asparagalesx-copy 17/32
Eucharis
![Page 18: 8. Asparagalesx Copy](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021219/577c812d1a28abe054abc644/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
8/18/2019 8. Asparagalesx Copy
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/8-asparagalesx-copy 18/32
Hymenocallix
![Page 19: 8. Asparagalesx Copy](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021219/577c812d1a28abe054abc644/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
8/18/2019 8. Asparagalesx Copy
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/8-asparagalesx-copy 19/32
Narcisus Zephyranthes
![Page 20: 8. Asparagalesx Copy](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021219/577c812d1a28abe054abc644/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
8/18/2019 8. Asparagalesx Copy
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/8-asparagalesx-copy 20/32
Alliaceae (actualmente Amaryllidaceae)
Familia del ajo y la cebolla
![Page 21: 8. Asparagalesx Copy](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021219/577c812d1a28abe054abc644/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
8/18/2019 8. Asparagalesx Copy
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/8-asparagalesx-copy 21/32
Composición y distribución
Principalmente en zonas
templadas del norte de
13 géneros y 800 especies
Europa y Asia
Allium es el género mas
grande (ca. 700 especies)
Allium sp.
![Page 22: 8. Asparagalesx Copy](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021219/577c812d1a28abe054abc644/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
8/18/2019 8. Asparagalesx Copy
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/8-asparagalesx-copy 22/32
Hierbas bulbosasLáminas lineares, basales, envainadores, epecioladas
Inflorescencias umbeliformes, escaposas, con espatas
![Page 23: 8. Asparagalesx Copy](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021219/577c812d1a28abe054abc644/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
8/18/2019 8. Asparagalesx Copy
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/8-asparagalesx-copy 23/32
Flores
ct nomor aPerfecta
6 tépalos
6 estambres (-3 estaminodios)
Ovario superior
![Page 24: 8. Asparagalesx Copy](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021219/577c812d1a28abe054abc644/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
8/18/2019 8. Asparagalesx Copy
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/8-asparagalesx-copy 24/32
UsosCulinario
Ornamental
Allium sp.
![Page 25: 8. Asparagalesx Copy](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021219/577c812d1a28abe054abc644/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
8/18/2019 8. Asparagalesx Copy
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/8-asparagalesx-copy 25/32
Familia del fique
Agavaceae (actualmente Asparagaceae)
![Page 26: 8. Asparagalesx Copy](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021219/577c812d1a28abe054abc644/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
8/18/2019 8. Asparagalesx Copy
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/8-asparagalesx-copy 26/32
Composición y distribución
8 géneros y cerca de 300 especies
r nc pa mente en m r ca trop ca
Agave es el género más grande: ca. 200 especies
![Page 27: 8. Asparagalesx Copy](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021219/577c812d1a28abe054abc644/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
8/18/2019 8. Asparagalesx Copy
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/8-asparagalesx-copy 27/32
Hierbas o árboles
En lugares abiertos y áridos
Rosetocaules, lámina suculentaHábito
![Page 28: 8. Asparagalesx Copy](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021219/577c812d1a28abe054abc644/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
8/18/2019 8. Asparagalesx Copy
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/8-asparagalesx-copy 28/32
Inflorescencia: usualmente muy grandes y muy florecidas
Flor: Perfecta, 6 tépalos, 6 estambres, ovario superior o inferior
![Page 29: 8. Asparagalesx Copy](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021219/577c812d1a28abe054abc644/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
8/18/2019 8. Asparagalesx Copy
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/8-asparagalesx-copy 29/32
Usos
Fibras, bebidas alcohólicas, horticultura, medicinal
![Page 30: 8. Asparagalesx Copy](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021219/577c812d1a28abe054abc644/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
8/18/2019 8. Asparagalesx Copy
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/8-asparagalesx-copy 30/32
Principales Géneros
de Agavaceae
![Page 31: 8. Asparagalesx Copy](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021219/577c812d1a28abe054abc644/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
8/18/2019 8. Asparagalesx Copy
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/8-asparagalesx-copy 31/32
Agave Furchraea
Furchraea foetida
![Page 32: 8. Asparagalesx Copy](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022021219/577c812d1a28abe054abc644/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
8/18/2019 8. Asparagalesx Copy
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/8-asparagalesx-copy 32/32
Yucca
Yucca elephantipes