City Science: Urban Big Data and New Urban Systems
Ryan Chin, Ph.D.
Managing Director
City Science Initiative
MIT Media Lab
27 Anti-disciplinary Research Groups Affective Computing Biomechatronics Camera Culture Changing Places Civic Media Cognitive Machines Digital Intuition Fluid Interfaces High-Low Tech Human Dynamics Information Ecology Lifelong Kindergarten Macro Connections Mediated Matter
Molecular machines New Media Medicine Object-Based Media Opera of the Future Personal Robots Playful Systems Responsive Environments Social Computing Software Agents Speech + Mobility Synthetic Neurobiology Tangible Media Viral Spaces
80 Corporate Sponsors ($45M per year) Aegis Media
APX Labs
Bank of America
Benesse Corporation
Berwind
BT
Cisco Systems, Inc.
Comcast
Culture Convenience Club Co., Ltd.
Deloitte LP
DENSO
Dentsu Inc. / ISID
Digital Garage
DirecTV
eBay, Inc.
EMC Corporation
Fidelity Center for Applied Technology
Fleury
Fujitsu Limited
FutureWei Technologies, Inc./Huawei
GlaxoSmithKline
Hallmark Cards, Inc.
Hasbro, Inc.
Hearst Corporation
Hisense Co. Ltd.
Hyundai Motor Company
ICICI Bank
IDEO
Infocast Limited
Intel
Intuit Inc.
Kozo Keikaku Engineering Inc. *
The LEGO Group
Lockheed Martin
LG Electronics, Inc.
Microsoft Corporation
Mitsui & Co., Ltd.
Natura
NEC Corporation
New Balance Athletic Shoe, Inc.
News Corporation
Nokia Corporation
Northrop Grumman
Olympus Corporation
Panasonic Corporation
Pearson Inc.
QUALCOMM Incorporated
RR Donnelley
Saudi Aramco
Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.
Sensormatic Electronics Corp.
Schneider Electric SA
Shell
SingTel
Starcom Mediavest Group
State Farm
State of Minas Gerais
Steelcase Inc.
TCL Multimedia
TED
Telecom Italia *
The Asahi Shimbun Company
Time Inc.
TOPPAN Printing Co., Ltd.
Toyota Motor Corporation
Toshiba Corporation
Toys"R"Us, Inc.
Trends Media Co., Ltd.
Verizon
Volkswagen Group of America, Inc.
Yamaha Corporation*
New Network-Centric Methods for
Managing reactive, data-driven city
systems
Replace one-size-fits-all systems
with exchange networks in order to
obtain more stable, fair and socially
efficient services
Dynamic Incentives for rebalancing
shared-use and interactive systems
Urban-scale serious games to shape
use of resources such as shared-use
mobility, variable-rate power, and
flexible workplaces
Multi-modal mobility
recommendation engines
New urban vehicles including electric
scooters, automobiles, bike-lane
vehicles, etc.
Data-driven analysis of economic
activity, human behavior, mobility
patterns, resource consumption, etc.
in order to inform an evidence-based
process of designing new cities
New Network-Centric Methods for
Managing reactive, data-driven city
systems
Replace one-size-fits-all systems
with exchange networks in order to
obtain more stable, fair and socially
efficient services
Dynamic Incentives for rebalancing
shared-use and interactive systems
Urban-scale serious games to shape
use of resources such as shared-use
mobility, variable-rate power, and
flexible workplaces
Multi-modal mobility
recommendation engines
New urban vehicles including electric
scooters, automobiles, bike-lane
vehicles, etc.
Energy
Buffer
Electronic nervous systems, from the
scale of the human body to the city
Trust networks to provide security
and insure privacy for otherwise
invasive systems that make use of
personal activity data
Dynamic smart grids that respond to
human mobility and behavior
patterns
Electric (DC) microgrids for compact
urban cells and renewable energy
Transformable and customizable
urban housing that combines
live/work functionality.
CityHome: CityCar Dispenser & Urban FarmingCoordinated with 4.154 Architecture Studio
Taught by Shun Kanda
Research Areas – Electric Mobility Systems,
New Energy Systems, New Technologies Enabling
Art, Culture, and Design,Transformable Housing,
Urban Farming, and Rethinking the Str eetscape.
Expected Student Deliverables – Students will
collaborate in small teams and propose well-
crafted design solutions through illustrations,
building scale prototypes (working and
non-working), back-of-the-envelope calculations,
videos, and other types of media.
Course Collaborators – Nicholas Pennycooke,
Daniel Smithwick, Praveen Subramani, Jenny
Broutin, Brandon Martin-Anderson, Shawn Salzber g,
Topper Carew, Tyrone Yang, Haiser Larrea Tamayo,
Jet SiZhi Zhou, Ira Winder.
Course Description – The destruction from the
events of 3.11 in Japan has forced communities to
re-question the concept of resiliency. This class
will focus on the design of resilient communities in
Tokoku, Japan, by developing new and scaleable
housing, mobility, and energy systems. These
systems should be designed to be adaptive,
robust, reconfigurable, redundant, and exhibit self-
healing much like wireless mesh networks in
computing. Participants of the course will have the
opportunity to travel to Japan during spring br eak
for a one-week design charrette. We will work with
community leaders, sponsors, and local
universities to design “Living Lab” experiments
that can be deployed and tested in Tohoku. Prior
to going to Japan, teams will focus on developing
key components of a resilient city – in a
generalizable fashion – that could scale to new
cities in China, India, and Latin America.
New Energy Systems for Electric Vehicles
Energy Buffer
CityHome: Transformable Housing Shared Electric
Mobility Systems
Rethinking the
Streetscape
Post-Tsunami JapanPermission of Instructor
G (Spring), Units: 3-0-9
Wednesdays 230-530pm
First Class, 230pm, Feb. 8
Room E14-525Instructors Kent Larson, Ryan Chin http://cp.media.mit.edu/education/classes
Designing New Resilient Cities
MIT Living Labs Workshop ( MAS.552J, 4.557J )
density increases interactions diversity brings connections Innovation
Density + Diversity + Proximity + Social Ties
Proximity Increases Communication
Distance of Separation
Fre
qu
en
cy o
f C
om
mu
nic
ati
on
Thomas J. Allen
(MIT Professor of
Management Emeritus)
Allen Curve: Proximity
brings greater frequency
of Communication
Paul Krugman
(Nobel Prize
Laureate)
Geo-economical
theory: Proximity
brings close and
dense interactions
between
manufacturers
Manufacturing Density Increases Interactions
Waber, et al.2010; Pan et al, 2011; Cebrian et al. 2011. Ductor, 2010.
Social Ties Increase Productivity
Population Density: Good & Bad
Population (Millions of People)
No
rmali
zed
Scale
AIDS cases
Crime
Patents
GDP
R&D….. (Energy Efficiency)
(Water Efficiency)
(Arts Activity)
Cities with dense urban cores have: • higher levels of skilled and talented people
• higher wages
• greater rates of innovation and productivity
• more companies focused on science and technology
• More organizations in the arts and entertainment
• lower water and energy consumption (per capita)
• higher levels of happiness (modest correlation)
Cities with dense urban cores have: • higher levels of skilled and talented people
• higher wages
• greater rates of innovation and productivity
• more companies focused on science and technology
• More organizations in the arts and entertainment
• lower water and energy consumption (per capita)
• higher levels of happiness (modest correlation)
Higher density can also bring: • increased noise
• more traffic congestion
• more air pollution
• loss of contact with nature
• increased crime
• increased drug use
• more disease
37
© 2013 Centre for Liveable Cities and Urban Land Institute
Population Density: Good & Bad Livability
Livability
Po
pu
lati
on
Desti
ny (
Peo
ple
/km
2)
38
If all 7 billion people on
earth were concentrated
in one city at the density
of Paris, it would be this size
20 min walk
20 min walk
20 min walk
20 min walk 20 min walk
20 min walk
20 min walk
20 min walk
20 min walk
20 min walk
20 min walk
20 min walk
20 min walk
20 min walk
20 min walk
20 min walk
20 min walk
20 min walk
20 min walk
20 min walk
Paris Arrondissements
Urban LEGO Unit (LU)
10m x 10m x 1 story = 100SM (1,076SF)
Revenue / LU
Activities / LU
People / LU
Energy / LU
Vehicles / LU
Vegetables / LU
……..
10m x 10m x 1 story = 100SM (1,076SF)
People / LU = 2 workers (restaurants, cafes)
People / LU = 300 customers (Starbucks per day)
RETAIL BLOCK (YELLOW)
Satellite View CityScope
Ira Winder, Mohammad Hadhrawi, Carson Smuts, Josh Fabian - Changing Places Group, MIT Media Lab
Land Use CityScope
Ira Winder, Mohammad Hadhrawi, Carson Smuts, Josh Fabian - Changing Places Group, MIT Media Lab
Mobility CityScope
Ira Winder, Mohammad Hadhrawi, Carson Smuts, Josh Fabian - Changing Places Group, MIT Media Lab
Solar Radiation CityScope
Ira Winder, Mohammad Hadhrawi, Carson Smuts, Josh Fabian - Changing Places Group, MIT Media Lab
Wind Flows CityScope
Ira Winder, Mohammad Hadhrawi, Carson Smuts, Josh Fabian - Changing Places Group, MIT Media Lab
Tweets CityScope
Ira Winder, Mohammad Hadhrawi, Carson Smuts, Josh Fabian - Changing Places Group, MIT Media Lab
Tweets CityScope
Ira Winder, Mohammad Hadhrawi, Carson Smuts, Josh Fabian - Changing Places Group, MIT Media Lab
Venture Capital CityScope
Ira Winder, Mohammad Hadhrawi, Carson Smuts, Josh Fabian - Changing Places Group, MIT Media Lab
CityScope
Ira Winder, Mohammad Hadhrawi, Carson Smuts, Josh Fabian - Changing Places Group, MIT Media Lab
3D Projection Mapping CityScope
Ira Winder, Mohammad Hadhrawi, Carson Smuts, Josh Fabian - Changing Places Group, MIT Media Lab
Walking (Privileged Mode) Shared Bikes Shared Electric Bikes
Shared Electric Tram/Bus
Shared Electric PEVs
Shared CityCars
Shared Electric Scooters Mobility-on-Demand Modes
CityCar Prototype Hiriko Unveiling at European 1/2012
CityCar, City Science Initiative, MIT Media Lab
CityCar Prototype Hiriko Unveiling at European 1/2012
CityCar, City Science Initiative, MIT Media Lab
Active Safety
Availability
Accessibility
Native integrationHigh utilization
Effic
i
ent design
Affordability
Autonomy Vehicle Sharing
Electrification
Sensor Networks
Urban Nervous System
Image: Emilio Frazzoli
compared to soil-based farming
100x Produce/land area
90% Less water
90% Less CO2
60% Less fertilizer
Increased Density • Social tie density
• Residential density
• Employment density
• 3rd places density (cafes, bars, hotels, parks, etc.) ……
Increased Density • Social tie density
• Residential density
• Employment density
• 3rd places density (cafes, bars, hotels, parks, etc.) ……
+ Increased Diversity • Demographic diversity
• Enterprise diversity (big companies, startups, research centers, non-profits, etc.)
• Housing diversity (young professionals, families, elderly, laborers, etc.)
• Activity diversity (eating, socializing, working, playing) ……
Increased Density • Social tie density
• Residential density
• Employment density
• 3rd places density (cafes, bars, hotels, parks, etc.) ……
+ Increased Diversity • Demographic & ethnic diversity
• Enterprise diversity (big companies, startups, research centers, non-profits, etc.)
• Housing diversity (young professionals, families, elderly, laborers, etc.)
• Activity diversity (eating, socializing, working, playing) ……
+ New Urban Systems • Compact, dense, walkable neighborhoods
• Shared-use personal and public mobility
• Shared co-working, fab-labs, public spaces, etc.
• Networks and urban nervous system ……
Increased Density • Social tie density
• Residential density
• Employment density
• 3rd places density (cafes, bars, hotels, parks, etc.) ……
+ Increased Diversity • Demographic diversity
• Enterprise diversity (big companies, startups, research centers, non-profits, etc.)
• Housing diversity (young professionals, families, elderly, laborers, etc.)
• Activity diversity (eating, socializing, working, playing) ……
+ New Urban Systems • Compact, dense, walkable neighborhoods
• Shared-use personal and public mobility
• Shared co-working, fab-labs, public spaces, etc.
• Networks and urban nervous system ……
+ Increased Events • Festivals
• Hackathons
• Conferences ……
Increased Density • Social tie density
• Residential density
• Employment density
• 3rd places density (cafes, bars, hotels, parks, etc.) ……
+ Increased Diversity • Demographic diversity
• Enterprise diversity (big companies, startups, research centers, non-profits, etc.)
• Housing diversity (young professionals, families, elderly, laborers, etc.)
• Activity diversity (eating, socializing, working, playing) ……
+ New Urban Systems • Compact, dense, walkable neighborhoods
• Shared-use personal and public mobility
• Shared co-working, fab-labs, public spaces, etc.
• Networks and urban nervous system ……
+ Increased Events • Festivals
• Hackathons
• Conferences ……
High Innovation (Eco/Green/Smart/Low-Carbon City)
City Science: Urban Big Data and New Urban Systems
Ryan Chin, Ph.D.
Managing Director
City Science Initiative
MIT Media Lab
CityScope
Ira Winder, Mohammad Hadhrawi, Carson Smuts, Josh Fabian - Changing Places Group, MIT Media Lab
CityScope
Ira Winder, Mohammad Hadhrawi, Carson Smuts, Josh Fabian - Changing Places Group, MIT Media Lab
Persuasive Electric Vehicle (PEV)
Michael Lin, Carson Smuts, Sandra Rickter - Changing Places Group, MIT Media Lab
CityScope
Ira Winder, Mohammad Hadhrawi, Carson Smuts, Josh Fabian - Changing Places Group, MIT Media Lab
119 CityScope
Ira Winder, Mohammad Hadhrawi, Carson Smuts, Josh Fabian - Changing Places Group, MIT Media Lab
Modeling Interactions