Download - 8.social development
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PSYCHOLOGY
SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
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SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT• The process in which a man
creates his sources together with the help of the natural resources is called social development.
• Social development means the growing ability of an individual to live, move and work as a member of the society, to learn social forms of good behaviour, etiquette, manners, traditions and customs and to work with others for the benefit and happiness of others and himself .
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FACTORS AFFECTING SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
• Socialisation • Imitation• Suggestion • Sympathy • Social facilitation and
inhabitation• Competition and co-
operation
• Kinds of groups • Social structure • Group mind
• Studying inter-personal relation
• Educational application
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SOCIALISATION• This is the process wherein a
child learns about social values and behaviour while passing through the different stages of his life and continues till his death.
• The culture, customs, traditions and education of his family, neighbourhood and community largely determine and play an important role in this process of social learning of the child.
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IMITATION• In this process one person follows the actions of
another person. • The children particularly learn many things by
imitating their parents, elder and others. • The style of walking, talking, maintaining physique,
dressing, etc. are some of the imitations that we can observe easily.
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SUGGESTION• It is the process of theoretical help from one person
to another. • This plays an important role in the life of a child. • Knowingly or unknowingly it takes place in the life
of every person especially in the childhood. Ex: teachers and parents change the behaviour and mistakes of the children by suggesting corrective measures.
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SYMPATHY• It is a feeling of
togetherness and sharing emotions involving two or more persons.
• It helps in the social development of the child through emotional development.
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SOCIAL FACILITATION & INHABITATION
• Social facilitation is the process wherein an individual in a group situation exceeds the performance level that he usually reaches when he works alone.
• Social inhabitation is the change of behaviour of an individual when he is in a group.
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COMPETITION & CO-OPERATION
• The spirit of competition or a desire to excel others helps in improving the performance of an individual while co-operation between individuals helps in makings things easier for all those involved.
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KINDS OF GROUPS• Primary and secondary are
the two types of groups in humans.
• Primary groups are small and the members of the group are the time to interact and learn from each other.
• These influence the development of those involved. Ex. Play groups, family etc.
• Secondary groups are marked by casual, less intimate and indirect relations among the members. Ex: school, class, political party etc.
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SOCIAL STRUCTURE• The class of the society to which an individual belongs plays a
very important role in his social development. • This influences his emotional development also. • It is very easy for a person to get adjusted to and influenced by
his class but it needs lot of patience, perseverance and courage to cross the boundaries of the social strata.
• Ex: A person from lower classes finds it very difficult to get accepted by the people of higher classes unless he proves his efficiency and worth.
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GROUP MIND
• In a group each and every person has his own ideas and angle of thinking.
• But while being a part of the group every person tends to change or modify his ideas and way of thinking in accordance with the group’s principles.
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STUDYING INTER-PERSONAL RELATIONS
• Socio-metric (Study of an individual) and socio-dynamic (analysis of the good and bad of the society) are the two methods of studying inter-personal relations.
• Every individual learns from the study of the society through these two methods in the various stages of his life.
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EDUCATIONAL APPLICATIONS
• Education helps an individual to develop his sense of judgement and behaviour but it is the proper application of these that helps in his social and overall development.
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MAN IS A SOCIAL ANIMAL• Human beings live in groups.
• There are certain special factors of the environment and organised social agencies that have definite & specific influence upon the social development of individuals especially children.
• These are heredity, physical and mental ability, emotional stability, family, economic status, social system, school, teacher, games, groups etc.
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PROCESS OF SOCIALISATION• The process of getting
assimilated in the society is called socialisation.
• This starts in the family where he learns the basic social manners and later in the school and in the society.
• Parents’ occupation, social and economic status of the family, education of the parents, freedom etc play an important role in socialisation.
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PROCESS OF SOCIALISATION• Begins from the birth cry itself
when he tries to communicate his feelings to others.
• First month - the child does not recognise any sounds.
• Second month - he can recognise the sounds made by different persons, stops crying if any person comes near him.
• Third month - the child recognises his mother & starts crying if she goes away from him
• Fourth month - the child observes people coming nearer to him.
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PROCESS OF SOCIALISATION• 5th month - starts recognising
emotions like love and anger.
• 6th month - can differentiate known and unknown persons.
• 7th & 8th month - wants to be always among people & play with them.
• At about the age of 1 year the child stops doing things when warned.
• At 2 years - starts participating in work done by elders at home.
• Slowly he starts playing with children of his age.
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PROCESS OF SOCIALISATION• Before 3 years of age the play of the child is self-centred.
If he is sent to a P.P school his behaviour changes slowly.• At school they learn to socialise under the guidance of a
teacher.• When grown up he learns to examine critically the
customs and traditions of his community and work for the reconstruction and reformation of his society.