Download - 9-29-15 IEEE-CVT Presentation by EH-Final
Ed HightowerIEEE-CVT Dallas, TXSeptember 29, 2015
Brief history of M2M and the Internet of Things (IoT)
Key Components of the IoT
Devices / remote terminals / objects Wireless Networks: now and in the future
Cellular
WiFi / Bluetooth / Mesh / Short Range Devices / etc.
Low Power WANs: Weightless / LoRa WANs / NB-LTE / SIGFOX
IoT Backend: infrastructure, platforms, databases Software Defined Networking
Network Function Virtualization
Q&A
These are my personal observations
Not speaking on behalf of BlackBerry or any other entity
Thanks to these companies and groups for the public information they provided
Logos shown in this presentation are copyrights of their respective owners
1926: Nikola Tesla in an interview with Colliers
magazine:
"When wireless is perfectly applied the whole earth will be converted into a huge brain, which in fact it is, all things being particles of a real and rhythmic whole.........and the instruments through which we shall be able to do this will be amazingly simple
compared with our present telephone. A man will be able to carry one in his vest pocket."
1832: An electromagnetic telegraph was
created by Baron Schilling in Russia, and in 1833 Carl Friedrich Gauss and Wilhelm Weber invented their own code to communicate over a distance of 1200 m within Göttingen, Germany.
1844: Samuel Morse sends the first Morse
code public telegraph message "What hath God wrought?" from Washington, D.C. to Baltimore.
Telemetry SCADA Industrial Automation Telematics
Wireline Microwave Private Radio Wi-Fi Satellite
Digitize Deceptive Disruptive Dematerialize Demonetize Democratize
Peter Diamandis of- X Prize Foundation- Singularity University
Integrated circuit is invented in 1958 Jack Kilby and Robert Noyce changed the
world
Basis for all electronic devices we have today
1984 - Bell telephone monopoly was disbanded
Early 80’s – personal computers
Early 90’s – the Internet became available to the masses
2007 – Apple introduced the iPhone
The Internet of Things will:
Become the nervous system for the planet
Help optimize our planet:
smarter power distribution
more efficient cities
digital battlefields
self-optimizing supply chains
hyper-targeted products
DEVICES IOT BACKEND SYSTEMS
NETWORKS
Sensors / Actuators
Processor / Memory
Transceiver
Embedded Application
Embedded Operating System (OS)
EMBEDDED OS / SOFTWARE APPS / SYSTEMS INTEGRATION
QNX Wind River LynxWorks Green Hills Software DDC-I Linux Mentor Graphics Windows CE & NT Embedded ENEA AB Sysgo
Samsung Sierra Wireless Telit Netconn Wireless Kontron Novatel Wireless
Devices in the future will become:
More ubiquitous
More intelligent
Smaller
Economical
Like dust
Wireline
Microwave
Private Radio
Cellular (2G, 3G, LTE)
Wi-Fi / Mesh / ZigBee / SRD
Satellite
• Cellular is very expensive, power hungry and complex to implement and manage
• Wi-Fi, mesh, ZigBee, Bluetooth, etc. suffer from short range and complexity to manage large scale deployments
• Private radio, microwave are not ubiquitous
• Satellite is expensive and impractical for many applications.
22
Projected by Type
Lo Power WAN
Internet of objects
LANBT
Cellular
Per Machina Research:
• More than 50% of IoT/M2M connections need only a few bytes of data transmitted to and from the remote device periodically
• Real-time communications not needed i.e. some latency is acceptable
• Long battery life required
• In-building coverage/penetration desired
Connected Devices: Access
Short RangeCommunicating Devices
Long Range w/ BatteryInternet of Objects
Long Range w/PowerTraditional M2M
Well established standards
Good for: • Mobile devices• In-home• Short range
Not good:• Battery life• Long range
Well established standards
Good for: • Long range• High data-rate• Coverage
Not good:• Battery life• Cost
Emerging PHY solutions / Undecided
Good for: • Long range• Long battery• Low cost
Not good:• High data-rate
CellularLo Power
WANLAN
Narrow band vs Spread spectrum
Unlicensed frequencies vs Cellular spectrum
Key approaches to LPWAN implementation:
Typical LPWAN Protocols: Weightless W▪ Spread spectrum in TV White Space
Weightless N and P▪ Ultra narrow band
LoRa protocol standards▪ Spread spectrum – ISM bands
SIGFOX▪ Ultra narrow band
NB-LTE (Nokia-Intel-Ericsson) ▪ 3GPP approved on Sept. 14, 2015
NB-CIoT (Huawei-Vodafone-China Unicom)
Internet of Objects
80% of volumeRequirements:
Connect battery operated low
cost assets?
Outdoor & harsh environments
Low cost communication
Low cost infrastructure
Low power technology
Robust communication
Permits mobility
Scalable system
• White Space refers to frequencies allocated to a broadcasting service but not used locally
• FCC Approved use of White Space in Sept. 2010
– Geolocation database must be queried to confirm frequency is available in that area
– No spectrum sensing sensor required in device (WSD)
• VHF/UHF TV Channels 7 - 69 (174-800 MHz) of particular interest due to propagation and global harmonization
– VHF/UHF travels far and penetrates buildings well
– TV channels are same around the world
ISM (Industrial, scientific & medical radio bands) and Short Range Device (SRD):• 902 – 928 MHz in US• 868 - 870 MHz in Europe (telemetry)
• 169, 433, 470 – 510, 780 MHz
Unlicensed WiFi frequencies in both the US and Europe • 2.4 / 5.8 GHz
Cellular frequencies (dedicated channels, subcarriers / guard bands)
• FCC / Ofcom under pressure to make additional frequencies available
Open Standard Ultra Narrow Band One-way communications Differential binary phase shift keying Sub 1-GHz unlicensed spectrum Frequency hopping 128 bit AES shared secret key regime
High performance Adaptive data rate - 200 bps to 100kbps
Two-way communication 169, 433, 470 – 510, 780, 868, 915 MHz
Long range 2km in urban environment
Ultra-low-power Ultra-low-power <10uA/node : <10% of BT or
ZigBee network Adaptive data rate from 200bps to 100kbps Using common PHY (GFSK, oQPSK, 802.15.4)
Ultra-large network Easily-scaled up to 50,000 wireless clients Consistent energy efficiency across all clients Smart networking for easy maintenance
- Reliable wireless Interactive radio using sub-1GHz ISM bands
excellent coverage and penetration FDMA+TDMA modulation in 12.5 kHz channels AES-128 encryption for security
www.weightless.org/about/weightlessP
For more info
Proprietary protocol Spread spectrum technology Long range / Two-way comm. Low power consumption Three classes of device endpoints: Class A – each endpoint transmission is followed by
two short downlink receive windows / long battery life
Class B – Class A functionality plus extra receive windows at scheduled times
Class C – continuously open receive windows closed only when the endpoint is transmitting
Proprietary protocol Ultra Narrow Band Added two-way communications recently Head start – deployed in 8 countries Plan for 60 countries in 5 years Will provide global cellular-IoT connectivity
Significant ecosystem/investment partners Samsung, Telefonica, SK Telecom, NTT Docomo, GDF
Suez, Air Liquide, Eutelsat, Elliott Mgt., etc.
Received over $145 in investments as of mid 2015 About to launch in 10 US cities
LoRa utilized a spread spectrum based modulation
Advantages
Demodulate below noise floor – 30dB better than FSK Better sensitivity than FSK (better Eb/No) More robust to interference, noise, and jamming Spreading codes orthogonal – multiple signals can occupy same channel Tolerant to freq offsets (unlike DSSS)
LoRa Overview
NB-CIoT (Narrow Band – Cellular IoT)
Promoted by Huawei (purchased Neul)
A variation of the Weightless-W by Neul
Support from Vodafone and China Unicom
Needs clean slate, i.e. an overlay network
Low power consumption
Low cost modules
Support for massive number of devices
Low delay sensitivity
NB-LTE (Narrow Band – LTE) Accepted by 3GPP as standard Sept. 14, 2015
Pushed by Nokia, Ericsson and Intel
Can be fully integrated into existing LTE networks
Backward compatible with existing LTE networks
Works within current LTE bands and guard bands
Does not need an overlay network
Low power consumption
Low cost modules
Support for massive number of devices
Low delay sensitivity
Alcatel-Lucent Alcatel-Lucent
Shanghai Bell AT&T CATT Deutsche Telekom Ericsson Huawei HiSilicon Intel Interdigital LG Electronics Nokia Networks OPPO Panasonic
Qualcomm Incorporated
Samsung
Sony
SouthernLINC
Sprint
Telecom Italia SPA
Telefonica
TeliaSonera
T-Mobile US
u-blox
US Cellular
Verizon
Vodafone
ZTE Corporation
• SigFox – (UNB)
• Nwave Technologies – (Weightless-N)
• Semtech – (LoRaWAN - proprietary)
• M2Communications (Weightless-P)
• Huawei (formerly Neul) – (Weightless)
• On-Ramp is now Ingenu – (Total Reach / RPMA - Utilities)
• Mobile Network Operators (MNOs) /
Cellular Carriers – (NB-LTE a 3GPP std., Release 13, product expected 2018)
• Entrepreneurs / startups
pCell/pWave radios transmit signals that deliberately interfere with each other, combining to synthesize tiny pCells, each just one cm in size
pCell is a pure software-defined radio C-RAN
Steve Perlman and team have worked on this over a decade
Recently announced pCell IoT and pCell VR
Artemis web page: http://www.artemis.com/
Stanford University lecture/demo: http://www.artemis.com/pcell
Software-defined networking (SDN) is an approach to computer networking that allows network administrators to manage network services through abstraction of higher-level functionality. This is done by decoupling the system that makes decisions about where traffic is sent (the control plane) from the underlying systems that forward traffic to the selected destination (the data plane).
Experts say that SDN, through its ability to intelligently route traffic and use underutilized network resources, will make it much easier to prepare for the data onslaught of IoT.
SDNs will eliminate bottlenecks and induce efficiencies to help the data generated by IoT to be processed without placing a larger strain on the network.
OpenFlow protocols & SDN
SDN is much more than just OpenFlowprotocols
Whole eco-system: SDN Apps
Network OS
Network Elements
Interfaces in between
Control Plane
Data Plane
Applications
AP
I
Network Operating
System
AP
I
AP
I
Switch/Network
Element
AP
I
SDN
Network-function virtualization (NFV) is a network architecture concept that uses the technologies of IT virtualization to virtualize entire classes of network node functions into building blocks that may connect, or chain together, to create communication services.
NFV focuses on optimizing the network services themselves. NFV decouples the network functions, such as DNS, Caching, etc., from proprietary hardware appliances, so they can run in software to accelerate service innovation and provisioning, particularly within service provider environments.
Together, in fact, they represent a path toward more generic network hardware and more open software, where the centralized control and management decreed in SDN can in part be realized through the virtualized functions and capabilities that come from NVF.
Q&A
Ed Hightowerwww.linkedin.com/in/[email protected], Dallas, TXSeptember 29, 2015