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9.3 Pest ControlLook, Earl! No more pests!
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Pests damage crops
Stats:– NA – 10% crop damage– Kenya – 75% crop damage– World wide – 1/3
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Pest – any org that occurs where you don’t want it or in large enough numbers to cause damage.
cotton stainer - minor pest of cotton in the southern Florida
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Adult armyworm
larva of the armyworm, Pseudaletia unipuncta
barley, corn, millet, oats, rice, rye, sorghum, sugarcane, timothy, and wheat may be consumed, as well as wild or weed grasses.
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Why problem for crops?
B/c easy to find & damage
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Pesticides – substance that kills pests
Ex: Aldrin, DDT, Lindane, Malathion, CarbarylInsecticides – kill insects
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Drawbacks of Pesticides
Health concerns– Cancer– Chemical leaks
Carlitos, child of farmworkers, born with birth defects attributable to pesticides (PBP). Source: Sarasota/Manatee Farmworker Supporters
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A train derailment near Milligan, Florida. The train carried chemicals, which were spilled at the site.
(©Bettmann/Corbis. Reproduced by permission.)
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Pollution & Persistence– Persistent pesticides – don’t break down fast
into harmless chem – accumulate in soil & H2O• DDT – 1940s to kill mosq. & lice (malaria
& typhus)• Water – fish – birds – thin shells• Penguins, pelicans, peregrines, eagles• Banned• In US, 60 diff pesticides found in ground
water
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Penguins, pelicans, peregrines, eagles
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Resistanceability to tolerate a particular chemical. It
evolves through natural selection• 500 species have developed res. Since
1940s
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Biological Pest Control – using living orgs or naturally produced
chem. to control pests.
• resistance takes longer to evolve• usually don’t harm orgs other than
pests• Predators & Pathogens
– pathogen – org that causes disease. These are sometimes used against pests.
• Ex: Bacillus thuringensis – bacteria that kills insect larvae
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A range of products to keep unwanted visitors out of your garden and buildings.
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Predators & PathogensPathogen – org that causes disease. These are
sometimes used against pests.• Ex: Bacillus thuringensis – bacteria that kills
insect larvae
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Chemicals from plants
Extracts from plants used against pests• Ex: chrysanthemum
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Disrupting Insect Breeding
Pheromones – chemicals produced by one org that affect the behavior of another.
• Farmers spray to interfere w/ mating• Reduce numbers better than pesticides• Expensive to make so not widely used
Treat males w/ x-rays – can’t reproduce