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UNDERWATER INSPECTIONA BRIEF DISCUSSION ON THE IMPORTANCE OF
UNDERWATER INSPECTION, DIVING MODES, TYPICAL STRUCTURAL DEFECTS, AND DOCUMENTATION
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INTRODUCTION William (Bill) D. Barna, P.E. (DE, AK, NY, GA, SC, AR, PA)
Association of Dive Contractor’s International (ADCI) Surface Supplied Air Diver and Diving Supervisor
Lead Instructor for USACE Course 035 - Working Diver Program
Successfully performed hundreds of underwater inspections for private, state, local, and federal entities throughout CONUS and abroad.
Hydrographic Surveyor/Underwater Acoustic Imaging
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Infrastructure Overview AMERICAN SOCIETY OF CIVIL ENGINEERS (ASCE)
REPORT CARD (WWW.INFRASTRUCTUREREPORTCARD.ORG)
REPORT EVERY 4 YEARS ON THE CONDITION AND PERFORMANCE OF AMERICA’S INFRASTRUCTURE.
2013 REPORT CARD – OVERALL GRADE D+ ESTIMATED $3.6 TRILLION BY 2020
THAT’S $3,600,000,000,000 PUBLIC PARKS AND RECREATION – GRADE C-
STATE AND LOCAL MUNICIPALITIES REPORTED $18.5 BILLION IN UNMET NEEDS IN 2011
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Importance of Underwater Inspections GIVEN THE CONDITION OF AMERICA’S AGING INFRASTRUCTURE,
UNDERWATER INSPECTIONS SHOULD PART OF EVERY FACILITY MAINTENANCE PROGRAM.
INSPECTIONS ARE PARAMOUNT TO THE SAFETY AND DEPENDABILITY OF WATERFRONT STRUCTURES
LACK OF INSPECTION PROGRAMS AND DEFERRED MAINTENANCE CAN LEAD TO LOSS OF LIFE AND PROPERTY
ABOVE WATER PROBLEMS CAN USUALLY BE SEEN BY THE END USER OR MAINTENANCE PERSONNEL AND REPORTED TO FACILITY OWNERS
UNDERWATER PROBLEMS ARE RARELY SEEN BY THE END USER OR MAINTENANCE PERSONNEL UNTIL THE PROBLEM PROGRESSES TO THE POINT WHERE STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS ABOVE THE WATERLINE BECOME DISTRESSED
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UNDERWATER INSPECTION REQUIREMENTS PERSONNEL
COMMERCIAL DIVING IS GOVERENED BY OSHA 29 CFR 1910 SUBPART T – COMMERCIAL DIVING
OPERATIONS MINIMUM THREE PERSON TEAM ALL DIVE-TEAM MEMBERS MUST HAVE EXPERIENCE OR
TRAINING IN THE USE OF TOOLS, EQUIPMENT, TECHNIQUES, OPERATIONS, AND EMERGENCY PROCEDURES THAT ARE PERTINENT TO, AND NECESSARY FOR, THE ASSIGNED TASKS FOR THE DIVING MODE
DIVING COMPANIES MUST CARRY PROPER INSURANCE UNITED STATES LONGSHORE AND HARBOR WORKERS
COMPENSATION ACT (OVER WATER) JONES ACT (FROM A BOAT)
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DIVING MODES SCUBA
Advantages Light Weight, Easily Portable
Disadvantages Limited Air Supply
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DIVING MODES SURFACE-SUPPLIED AIR
Advantages Communication, Large Air Supply, Safer
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Limits of Underwater Inspection UNDERWATER INSPECTIONS SHOULD ENCOMPASS ALL
ACCESSIBLE STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS AND TYPICALLY EXTEND FROM THE HIGHWATER MARK TO THE CHANNEL BOTTOM.
THIS INCLUDES ELEMENTS LOCATED WITHIN THE “SPLASH ZONE” ABOVEWATER COMPONENTS OF STRUCTURES WITH LOW
FREEBOARD OR LIMITED ACCESSIBILITY TO TOPSIDE PERSONNEL SHOULD BE INSPECTED BY UNDERWATER INSPECTION PERSONNEL
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Limits of Underwater Inspection
High Water Mark
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TYPES OF UNDERWATER INSPECTIONS DESIGN/REPAIR INSPECTIONS
PRIOR TO CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR CONSTRUCTION INSPECTIONS
DURING CONSTRUCTION (QA/QC) POST-EVENT
STORMS/EARTHQUAKES SPECIAL PURPOSE/RESEARCH ROUTINE
MOST COMMON
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TYPES OF UNDERWATER INSPECTIONS ROUTINE INSPECTIONS
THREE LEVELS OF ROUTINE INSPECTION LEVEL 1 INSPECTION – GENERAL VISUAL/TACTILE INSPECTION
GENERAL “SWIM-BY” INSPECTION USED TO DETERMINE OBVIOUS DEFECTS COVERS 100 PERCENT OF THE STRUCTURE BELOW THE WATERLINE
LEVEL 2 INSPECTION – CLOSE UP VISUAL/TACTILE INSPECTION TYPICALLY PERFORMED IN CONJUNCTION WITH A LEVEL 1 INSPECTION INCLUDES REMOVING THE MARINE GROWTH FROM 10 TO 20 PERCENT OF THE
STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS BELOW THE WATERLINE LEVEL 3 INSPECTION – IN-DEPTH AND HIGHLY DETAILED INSPECTION
USED TO DETECT HIDDEN OR IMINENT DAMAGE MAY INVOLVE SPECIALIZED EQUIPMENT
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LEVELS OF UNDERWATER INSPECTIONSLEVEL 1
LEVEL 2
LEVEL 3
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DEFECTS FOUND BELOW THE WATERLINE CONCRETE
SPALLS, VOIDS, CRACKS IN STRUCTURAL MEMBERS UNDERMINIMG AND SCOUR OF CONCRETE RAMPS EXPOSED REINFORCING STEEL GENERALLY EXHIBITS ACCELERATED
CORROSION SCALING
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DEFECTS FOUND BELOW THE WATERLINE TIMBER
DECAY MARINE BORER INFESTATION → LOSS OF SECTION CORROSION OF CONNECTION HARDWARE
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DEFECTS FOUND BELOW THE WATERLINE STEEL
CORROSION AND PITTING → LOSS OF SECTION
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UNDERWATER INSPECTION DELIVERABLES UNDERWATER INSPECTION REPORT
MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS INSPECTION DATE PERSONNEL INSPECTION EQUIPMENT AND TECHNIQUES DOCUMENTATION OF GENERAL AND SPECIFIC STRUCTURAL CONDITIONS ACCOMPANYING PHOTOGRAPHS EVALUATION AND ASSESSMENT COMMENT ABOUT CHANGES SINCE THE LAST INSPECTION
ADDITIONAL ITEMS UNDERWATER VIDEO COMPUTER GENERATED DRAWINGS COST ESTIMATES SPECIALIZED TESTING SONAR/ACOUSTIC IMAGING
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HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY
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ACOUSTIC IMAGING
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Procurement Recommendations Clearly Define Your Scope and Deliverables
Type, Level, Purpose of Inspection
Hire Professionals with Proven Safety Record Diving is Inherently Dangerous
Request Contractor’s Diving Plan EMP and JSA
Ensure Contractor has Proper Insurance
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CONCLUSION UNDERWATER INSPECTIONS ARE NECESSARY TO ENSURE
PUBLIC SAFETY AND PROTECT CAPITAL INVESTMENT IN WATERFRONT STRUCTURES
UNDERWATER INSPECTIONS SHOULD BE PERFORMED BY TRAINED AND COMPETENT PROFESSIONALS
A WIDE RANGE OF TECHNOLOGY AND EQUIPMENT IS AVAILABLE FOR UNDERWATER INSPECTION
COLLECTED INSPECTION DATA MUST BE ACCURATE AND PRESENTED IN A FORMAL INSPECTION REPORT
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?QUESTIONS?