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A Few Types of Maps
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General Purpose/ Reference Maps
• Show basic information.
• Such as location of:– landforms
– political boundaries
– water
– cities
• Absolute Location
– Use of coordinate system that allows you to plot where on Earth something is
• Do not change
• Relative Location
– Describes a place in relation to other human and physical features
• Constantly change over time
• Examples
• Political Maps• Physical Maps• Road Maps
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Political Maps
• No topographic features
• Focuses on boundaries of a place.
• They also include the locations of cities
– large and small, depending on the detail of the map.
• Example
– 50 U.S. states and their borders along with the United States' north and south international borders
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Physical Maps
• Shows the physical landscape features of a place.
• Focus on mountains, rivers and lakes – water is always shown with blue
– Mountains and elevation changes are usually shown with different colors and shades to show relief
• Example:– Hawaii
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Mental Maps
• Maps in our minds of places we have been and places we have just heard of
• Activity spaces
– Places we travel to routinely in our rounds of daily activity
• Geographers study mental map formation of all types of people, and all show differences in their formation of mental maps
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Mental Map of the
Americas
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Example Mental Map
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Thematic Maps
• Shows particular themes connected with geographic area
• Show different, very specific topics
• Examples:
– average rainfall distribution for an area
– distribution of a certain disease throughout a county.
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What is a Choropleth Map?• A type of thematic map• Areas are colored or shaded to reflect the value of the mapped
phenomena or to display classes of value
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Examples of Choropleth Maps
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Choropleth Maps
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Cartograms
• Thematic mapping variables are substituted for land area or distance
• The space of the map is distorted in order to convey the information
http://www.worldmapper.org/index.html
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Single Dot/Graduated Dot Maps
• Dot maps employ dots to convey information about a distribution. – A single dot may represent one occurence of something
(an earthquake) or more than one (a dot might represent 100,000 people, for example).
– Graduated circle maps also use a point symbol, but the symbols have different sizes in proportion to some qualtity that occurs at that point. The populations of different cities are frequently depicted on graduated circle maps.
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Remote Sensing
• How geographers monitor the Earth using technology that is a distance away from the place being studied
– Data is collected using satellites and aircraft
– Google Earth
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Map Projections• Used to portray all or part of the round earth on a flat surface
– Cannot be done without some distortion
• Every projection has its own advantages and disadvantages
• Cartographers select the projection best suited to their needs
• Maps or parts of the map show one or more of the following, but never all:
– True directions
– True distances
– True areas
– True sizes (shape)
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