A gender assessment of welfare scheme servicedelivery in five Indian states through SoochnaPreneur :
A LAST MILE ACCESS TOINFORMATION INITIATIVE
A gender assessment of welfare scheme service delivery in five Indian states through SoochnaPreneur: a last mile access to information initiative
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Author: Aparna Priyadarshi Reviewer: Anulekha Nandi Editor: Kriti Singh Design and layout: Bhawana Mahariya
Supported by US India Policy Institute
Published and distributed by Digital Empowerment Foundation
A gender assessment of welfare scheme service delivery in five Indian states through SoochnaPreneur :
a last mile access to information initiative
Report Written and Produced by:
Aparna Priyadarshi, Research Fellow, Digital Empowerment Foundation
1 2
4
3Introduction
• ExecutiveSummary• SoochnaPreneurInitiative
Processes&ReportMethodologies
• WelfareSchemeDescriptions
MADHYA PRADESH• SnapshotoftheStateofWomen• Gender-BasedWelfareSchemes
HighlightedbyStateGovernment• GenderClassificationof
ApplicantsandSoochnaPreneurs• %DistributionofScheme
ApplicationsbyCategory• %DistributionofGenderby
SchemeApplications• Top10SchemesAppliedforby
Women• DEFTargetsontheBasisof
Gender
JHARKHAND• SnapshotoftheStateofWomen• Gender-BasedWelfareSchemes
HighlightedbyStateGovernment• GenderClassificationof
ApplicantsandSoochnaPreneurs• %DistributionofScheme
ApplicationsbyCategory• %DistributionofGenderby
SchemeApplications• Top10SchemesAppliedforby
Women• DEFTargetsontheBasisof
Gender
BIHAR• SnapshotoftheStateofWomen• Gender-BasedWelfareSchemesHighlightedbyState
Government• GenderClassificationofApplicantsand
SoochnaPreneurs• %DistributionofSchemeApplicationsbyCategory• %DistributionofGenderbySchemeApplications• Top10SchemesAppliedforbyWomen• DEFTargetsontheBasisofGender
08-21
22-33 34-43
44-53
CONTENT
5 6 7RAJASTHAN
• SnapshotoftheStateofWomen• Gender-BasedWelfareSchemes
HighlightedbyStateGovernment• GenderClassificationof
ApplicantsandSoochnaPreneurs• %DistributionofScheme
ApplicationsbyCategory• %DistributionofGenderby
SchemeApplications• Top10SchemesAppliedforby
Women• DEFTargetsontheBasisof
Gender
ODISHA• SnapshotoftheStateofWomen• Gender-BasedWelfareSchemes
HighlightedbyStateGovernment• GenderClassificationof
ApplicantsandSoochnaPreneurs• %DistributionofScheme
ApplicationsbyCategory• %DistributionofGenderby
SchemeApplications• Top10SchemesAppliedforby
Women• DEFTargetsontheBasisof
Gender
CROSS-STATE ANAlYSIS• SchemeCategoriesbyPopularity
AmongstWomenandSchemeCategoriesby%FemaleApplicants
• Top20MostPopularSchemesforWomenAcrossAll5States
• %SchemeCategoriesAppliedforbyWomen
• %DistributionofSchemeApplicationsbyCategory
• Gender-BasedRecommendations&Conclusion
54-65 66-75 76-88
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Acronym GuideAWC---------AnganwadiCenter
BPL----------BelowPovertyLine
DBT----------DirectBenefitTransfer
DEF----------DigitalEmpowermentFoundation
ICDS---------IntegratedChildDevelopmentScheme
ICPS---------IntegratedChildProtectionScheme
LED----------LightEmittingDiode
LGBTQ-----Lesbian,Gay,Bisexual,Transgender,Queer
LPG----------LiquefiedPetroleumGas
MIS-----------ManagementInformationSystem
MP-------------MadhyaPradesh
PAN----------PermanentAccountNumber(PANCard)
SC------------ScheduledCaste
ST------------ScheduledTribe
SP-------------SoochnaPreneur
SHG---------SelfHelpGroup
TG------------Transgender
OBC---------OtherBackwardClasses
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IntroductionForthepast16years,DEFhasbeenworkingonaccesstoinformationandinformationandcommunication
technologiesfordevelopment(ICT4D)across6pillars:AccessandInfrastructure,Educationand
Empowerment,GovernanceandCitizenServices,MarketsandSocialEnterprise,KnowledgeHuband
Network,andResearchandAdvocacy.AsapartofGovernanceandCitizenServices,oneofDEF’sflagship
programmesistheSoochnaPreneur(translation:InformationEntrepreneur)initiativesupportedbyQualcomm
WirelessReach.ThisinitiativewasbuiltonthelearningsoftheEuropeanUnion-supportedSoochnaSeva
(translation:InformationService)framework,whichadoptedamulti-prongedapproachtoinformationservice
deliveryandaccesstowelfareschemesthroughsettingupdesignatedaccesspoints.SoochnaPreneur
translatedthelearningsfromSoochnaSevatobuildsustainabilitythroughanentrepreneurshipmodel,which
aimedtoreachvulnerablepopulations,suchaswomen,theelderly,andthedisabledwhocouldnotundertake
thejourneytoSoochnaSevaaccesspoints,therebyredefininglastmileaccess.Throughtheidentificationof
institutionalgapsinaccesstoinformationregardingwelfareschemes,200ruralyouthbecameself-employed
asSoochnaPreneurs,whoprovidedprospectivebeneficiariesinformationonwelfareschemes.
However,thismodelwasnotonlypredicatedonaccesstoinformation,butalsoonadeepunderstandingof
thelackofbasicfacilitiesofprinting,scanning,photocopyinganddocumentationthatarenotavailableat
thevillagelevelandarelocatedatconsiderabledistanceinthenearesttownorcity.Thisusuallyleadsto
averyhighimputedcostforthecommunity,involvingtravelandlossofaday’swage.Byprovidingthese
services,aswellasdigitalliteracytrainingtocommunitiesatanominalcostalongwithaccesstoinformation,
theprogrammewasabletoincreasewelfareschemeservicedeliveryaswellasprovideasourceofself-
employmenttoruralyouth.
This report primarily seeks to assess 1. the extent of gender inclusion in welfare scheme service delivery by SoochnaPreneurs and 2. the demand for varying types of welfare schemes by women in particular11.Thisanalysishasbeenconductedthroughtheevaluationofschemeapplicant(prospectivebeneficiary)datacollectedacrossfivestates:MadhyaPradesh,Jharkhand,Bihar,Rajasthan,andOdisha.
Thisincludesastate-by-stateanalysisaswellasacross-stateanalysistoprovideacomparativeperspective.
Thisreporthelpstoidentifythegenderdynamicsinvolvedinwelfareschemeservicedeliveryinaddition
tofactorsthatcanpotentiallyfostergreatergenderinclusion,therebyprovidinginsightintoinclusive
programmedesignforcivilsocietyorganisations.
1 As this is a gender assessment, DEF would have liked to conduct an in-depth assessment on gender inclusion and demand for welfare schemes as it pertains to transgender persons. As there were very few Transgender applicants in the database, a more comprehensive analysis on TG persons was not able to be conducted for this analysis.
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Executive SummaryPrimary Findings on Gender Inclusion in Welfare Scheme Service Delivery
• Potential preferential bias by SoochnaPreneurs for male applicants exist for certain scheme categories: Manyschemesthatarehighlyappliedforbywomenstillhaveahigherproportionofmaleapplicants.ThismightindicatethatSoochnaPreneurs,particularlymaleSoochnaPreneurs,have
apreferentialbiastowardstargetingmaleapplicants.Acrossall5states,themostgendermismatched
schemesareintheareasofAgriculture,Education&SkillsDevelopment(mainlyPre/PostMatric
Scholarships),LabourDevelopment,andWater&Sanitation(SwachhBharat).
• Essential schemes such as ID Cards and Healthcare Insurance are popular amongst women (within the Top 5), but still have a higher proportion of male applicants: Thispotentialpreferentialbiasisparticularlyconcerning,forinstance,certainIDcards(ex:AadharCard,PANCard)arebecoming
increasinglymandatorytoapplyforandavailbasicwelfareschemes.
• Female SoochnaPreneurs tend to sign up more female applicants: Infouroutofthefivestates(theoneexceptionbeingOdisha),femaleSoochnaPreneurssignupahigherproportionoffemaleapplicants
thanmale.
• lack of transgender representation: ThereareveryfewoccurrencesofTGapplicants.Eachstatetypicallyonlyhasbetween.01%and.05%ofapplicationsfromTGpersons,yettheTGpopulation
ofthesestatesisgreater(Bihar:0.04%;MadhyaPradesh:0.04%;Jharkhand:0.04%;Odisha:0.05%;
Rajasthan:0.02%)1.Theseestimatesarelikelygrosslyunderstatedduetothestigmaofbeing
transgender.ThispointstoagreatersystemicissueintreatmentofTGpersonsacrossallcommunities.
ThesoleschemespecificallyintendedfortheempowermentofTGpersons,Sweekruti(launchedin
Odisha),hasnotbeenappliedtobyanyTGpersonsinOdishainthisanalysis2.
• “Household-oriented” schemes overwhelmingly issued to males: Schemesforwhichtheentirefamilyisbenefited(suchascertainhealthcare,ruraldevelopment,andwater&sanitationschemes)
haveahigherproportionofmaleapplicants.ThismightalsoindicateSoochnaPreneurpreferentialbias
intargetingmaleapplicantsoverfemaleapplicants:sincemalesarepresumedtobethe“head”ofthe
household,these“household-oriented”schemestypicallygotomen.Thereareonlyafewschemes
1 Transgender in India, Census 2011, https://www.census2011.co.in/transgender.php2 Sweekruti (A Scheme for Promotion of Transgender Equality & Justice, Odisha – Policy – Indai, https://translaw.clpr.org.in/laws-policies-reports/odisha-transgender-policy-2017-dignity/
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forwhichthisisnotthecase,forinstance,PradhanMantriUjjwalaYojanaandBhamashahYojanain
Rajasthan,whichsolelygounderthefemale’sname.
Primary Findings on Welfare Scheme Demand by Women:
• The Top 5 most popular scheme categories amongst women: Energy,Identification(CertificatesandCards),Gender-BasedDevelopment,LabourDevelopment,andHealthcareInsurance&Assistance
• The least popular schemes amongst women tend to be circumstance-based schemes: SchemeslikeDisabilityandMinorityWelfareranklowamongstwomen(andmen)intermsofpopularity,asthey
maynotbeapplicable.
• The most recurring scheme category type within the Top 20 Most Popular schemes across all 5 states: Gender-BasedDevelopment(appearing4timesintheTop20),andSocialSecurity/Pension(alsoappearing4times).
• Some of the most popular schemes amongst women are “women-only” schemes: Severalschemeswhichonlywomencanapplyforareamongthemostpopularacrossallstates,suchasPradhanMantri
UjjwalaYojana,BhamashahYojana,andPradhanMantriMatritvaYojana.
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MethodologiesMeraApp:MeraAppisamobileapplicationthatservesasadynamicMIS(ManagementInformationSystem)for
applicantregistrationandschemeapplicationaswellasarevenuetrackerfortheservicesdelivered.
SoochnaPreneursuseMeraApptohelpapplicantssignupforvariouswelfareschemesthatarepertinent
tothem.TheseschemesarepresentedbySoochnaPreneurstoapplicantsundersixbroadercategoriesin
MeraApp:Agriculture,Education,Employment/Livelihood,FinancialInclusion,Health,SocialSecurity.
Registration and Scheme Application Process:First,anapplicant’sbasicpersonalanddemographicdetailsareregisteredintoMeraApp.Afterthis,
SoochnaPreneursareabletohelpapplicantsapplyforschemesthroughtheapp.Importantnote:throughout
thisreport,theterm“application”willbeusedtorefertotheactofsigningupforaschemethroughMeraApp
only.Thisdoesnotrefertotheofficialapplicationthatislatersentforofficialreview.Thereare4stagesofthe
schemeapplicationprocess:
MeraAppRegistration
PendingApplication
In-ProcessApplication
Approved orRejected Application
• Registration: ASoochnaPreneurhelpsafirst-timeapplicantwithregisteringpersonalanddemographicinformationintoMeraApp.
• Pending Application: ASoochnaPreneurhelpsanapplicantsignupforschemesthroughMeraApp.Note:Theterm“signedupforascheme”and“appliedforascheme”willbeusedinterchangeably
withinthisanalysis.ThesetermsDONOTrefertotheofficialapplicationsubmittedlateronforofficial
governmentreview.Iteffectivelyindicatesthatanindividualhasexpressedinterestinbecominga
beneficiaryofaparticularscheme(s).
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• In Process Application: Theapplicant’sschemeapplicationhasbeendocumentedinaseparateofficialapplicationbyaSoochnaPreneurandsubmittedforofficialreviewbythestateorcentralgovernment.
• Approved or Rejected Application: Theschemeapplicationhaseitherbeenapprovedorrejectedbythestateorcentralgovernment.
Data Collection and Analysis:AlldataintheproceedinganalysishasbeeninputtedinMeraAppbetweenJanuary2017andMay2019and
hasbeenexportedfromtheappforthepurposesofconductingthisanalysis.Therawdatacontainsbasic
personalanddemographicinformationabouttheapplicants,suchasApplicantName,DateofBirth,Age,Sex,
Religion,Caste,Occupation,DistrictofResidence,MaritalStatus,andAnnualIncome.Thedataalsocontains
theSchemeName,DateofSchemeApplication,andApplicationStatusforeachschemetowhichanapplicant
hassignedupforinMeraApp.
UponexportingtherawdatafromMeraApp,thedata
hasbeenfurtherdisaggregated.Forthepurposes
ofgettingamoregranularanalysisongender,
theschemeshavebeenmappedto18different
categories:thedescriptionsofall18categories
arelistedinpages(16-21)ahead.Furthermore,
SoochnaPreneurdatahasbeenmanuallymappedto
gender,soapropergenderinclusionanalysiscould
beperformed.
Data across the 5 states has been collected in the following districts:Madhya Pradesh: Gunaonly
Jharkhand: Ranchi(99.7%ofJharkhanddata),Bokaro
Bihar: WestChamparan(98.5%ofBihardata),Bhagalpur,Gaya
Rajasthan: Alwar(74.3%oftheRajasthandata),Barmer(23.6%ofdata),Ajmer,Bharatpur,Jaipur,Pali(last4districtslistedrepresentbetween.01%and1.3%ofdata)
Odisha: Bargarhonly
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SoochaPreneur Initiative Phases – Phase I and Phase II: There have been two phases launched since the initiative’s inception:
Phase I:
TheinitialphaseoftheSoochnaPreneurinitiativewaslaunchedin2016andcompletedin2017.Thisphase
predominantlyemployedmaleSoochnaPreneurs(100SPsintotal)andwaslaunchedinGunaDistrictin
MadhyaPradesh,RanchiDistrictinJharkhand,WestChamparaninBihar,AlwarandBarmerdistrictsin
Rajasthan,andBargarhDistrictinOdisha.
Phase II:
Thisphasewaslaunchedin2017andisstillinprogress.PhaseIIhasbeenexclusivelydesignedtonewly
employfemaleSoochnaPreneurs(100SPsintotal).ThisphasewaslaunchedinGunaDistrictinMadhya
Pradesh,RanchiDistrictinJharkhand,andAlwarDistrictinRajasthan.Note:PhaseIIhasnotyetbeenlaunched
inanydistrictinBihar,BargarhDistrictinOdisha,orBarmerDistrictinRajasthan.
Cross-State Analysis Ranking Methodologies
Thisreportincludesacross-stateanalysiswhichshowshoweachofthe5statesrankamongsteachotheron
keymetrics,suchassexratio,employmentbygender,%femaleapplicants,%femaleSoochnaPreneurs,etc.
Asfollowsareexplanationsforuniquelydesignedrankingmethodologiesforthreetables:
1. Scheme Categories by Popularity for Women Across States: Rankingsforthistablearecalculatedbysummingtheindividualrankingsforeachschemecategoryacrossall5statesandsortingfrommostpopular
toleastpopular(startingwithrank“1”asmostpopular).Thevaluebeingrankedisthetotal#offemale
applicantsforagivenschemecategory.
To use a dummy example, let’s say that a scheme category “ABC” ranks as follows:
rankinMadhyaPradesh=1
rankinJharkhand=1
rankinBihar=2
rankinRajasthan=4
rankinOdisha=3
The sum of the individual ranks is equal to 1 + 1 + 2 + 4 + 3 = 11.
Now,let’ssaythataschemecategory“XYZ”ranksasfollows:
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rankinMadhyaPradesh=2
rankinJharkhand=3
rankinBihar=1
rankinRajasthan=1
rankinOdisha=2
The sum of the individual ranks is equal to 2 + 3 + 1 + 1 + 2 = 9.
Since XYZ’s composite rank of 9 is less than ABC’s composite rank of 11, we would rank “XYZ” as more popular than “ABC”.
2. Scheme Categories by % of Female Applicants Across States: Samerankingmethodologyasabove,butinsteadofranking“#offemaleapplicantsforaschemecategory”,thistableranks“%ofapplicantsfora
schemecategorythatarefemale”.
3. Top 20 Most Popular Schemes for Women Across All 5 States: Samerankingmethodologyasabove,butinsteadofranking“#offemaleapplicantsforaschemecategory”,thistableranks“#offemaleapplicantsfor
aspecificscheme”.Afterderivingthecompositerankings,asubjectiveprocessisundertakentofactorinhow
manystatesaschemeappearsin.Forinstance,aschemethathasacompositerankof100mayswapplaces
withschemethathasacompositerankof99,iftheschemewithrank#100appearsinmorestatesthanthe
schemewithrank#99.
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Welfare Scheme Descriptions
Broader Scheme Type
Scheme Description
Cash Transfers Conditionalcashtransfers(eg:DirectBenefitTransfers,pensionpayments)are
depositedintoarecipient’sbankaccount.Conditionsaretypicallyrelatedto
BelowPovertyLine(BPL)status,age,caste,gender,ability,and/oroccupation
Services Aparticularserviceistobeprovidedtotheschemerecipient,suchasLED
lightinstallation,LPGgasconnection,toiletinstallation,housingconstruction,
nutritionalsupplements&vaccinationsadministeredtowomen&children,etc.
Empowerment Schemesthatpromotetheempowermentofmarginalisedgroups,suchas
women,SC/ST/OBC,minorities,BPL,anddisabledpersonsthroughmobilisation
andskillsdevelopment
Insurance Insurancecoverageprovidedforlife,accidents,disability,healthcare,crop
failuresforfarmers,etc.
Scheme Broad Descriptions
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Scheme Category Definitions
Scheme Category Scheme Description
Agriculture Schemespertainingtofarming/agriculturalactivities,including:
• CroporAnimalInsurance
• FarmerRegistration
• Benefitsforfishing,horticulture,orpisciculture
• Financialcompensationfordrasticcroppricedecreases
• Irrigationpromotion
Caste-Based Development
Schemes specifically intended for the benefit of lower castes and tribes, including: SC,ST,OBC,NomadicTribes,DenotifiedTribes,SpecialBackwardClasses,MostBackwardClasses
Includesschemessuchas:
• ScholarshipsforSC/ST/OBC(includingPre/PostMatric)-mostcommon
• CasteCertificate
• IntercasteMarriagesupport
• Financialsupport,bankloans,andtrainingforself-employment/
entrepreneurshipamongstSC/ST/OBC
Child Development Schemesspecificallyintendedforthebenefitofchildren’sdevelopment,
including:
• Supplementarynutritionandfreeschoolmeals
• Immunisations
• Healthscreeningandreferralservices
• Nutritional&healtheducation
• Childprotectionservices
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Disability Schemesspecificallyintendedforthebenefitofdisabledpersons,including:
• Scholarshipsfordisabledpersons,includingPre/PostMatricandmerit-
basedscholarships-nearlyalloccurrences
• Scholarshipsforchildrenofdisabledparents
Education & Skills Development
Schemestargetedtowardsyouthwhichpromoteschooleducationandskills
development,including:
• Pre/PostMatricscholarships-mostcommon
• Scholarshipsawardedtostudentsofdisadvantagedparents(severelyill,
workinunsanitaryorunsafejobs,etc.)
• Financialcompensationawardedtomeritoriousstudents
• Financialcompensationtoincentiviseprospectivestudentstopreparefor
competitiveexamsthroughcoaching(ex:IndianCivilService,IIT,IIM,NIT,
CPMT,etc.)
• Skillsdevelopmentprogrammesinareassuchasentrepreneurship,
financialliteracy,digitalliteracy,andindustry-specificskills
Energy Schemespertainingtohouseholdenergyandpowersourcing,including:
• LPGgascylindersprovidedforhomes-mostcommon,underPradhan
MantriUjjwalaYojana
• SubsidiesforpurchasingLPGcylinders
• LEDlightinginstalledinhomes
• Ruralelectrificationandmeteringtovillagesandfarms
Financial Inclusion & Assistance
Schemespertainingtoinclusionin/accesstotheformaleconomy,including:
• Promotingopeningoflow-feebankaccounts
• Promotingsavingsthroughhigherinterestratesoffered
• FinancialcompensationprovidedtoBPLfamiliesformiscellaneous
circumstances,ex:funerals,startingabusiness
• CompensationintheformofhighlysubsidisedfoodtoBPLfamilies
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Gender-Based Development
Schemesspecificallyintendedforthebenefitofwomen&girls,including:
• Maternitybenefitsprovidedtopregnantandlactatingwomen(oftenon
conditionalbasis)
• Vaccinationsforwomenandchild
• Nutritionalsupplementsforwomenandchild
• DBTtoparentsforkeepinggirlchild
• DBTtowomengettingmarriedabovechild/adolescentage
• Resources/servicesprovidedtogirlstopromotegirleducation(bicycles,
bustransportation,scooties,uniforms)
• Resourcestosupportfemalevictimsofdomesticviolence,abuse,and/or
abandonment
Healthcare Insurance & Assistance
Health-relatedschemesincluding:
• Coverageforaccesstoprimary,secondary,andtertiaryhospitalisation-
mostcommon,underAyushmanBharatYojana
• Coverageprovidedfortreatment/surgeriesforspecificseriousillnesses
anddiseases
• Provisionofwellnesscenterswithspecialisationsindifferenthealthareas
Housing Development Serviceandfinancialassistanceprovidedfortheconstructionorupgradingof
housing-ex:toiletinstallation,LPGgas,electricity,drinkingwater,and/orpaved
roads-mostlyPradhanMantriGraminAwaasYojana
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Identification (Certificates & Cards)
GenericID-basedCertificatesandCards,including:
• AadharCard:12-digituniqueidentitynumberusedforbasicidentityproof.
Linkedtoone’sbankaccount,towhichDBTsaredeposited(mostcommon
isLPGsubsidy).Additionallyusedforobtainingpassport,openingabank
account(throughJanDhanYojana),linkingtoVoterID,Driver’sLicense,
DigitalLifeCertificate(pensionersdonothavetobephysicallypresentto
renewlifecertificate),receivingmonthlypensions,etc.
• PANCard(PermanentAccountNumber):10-digitalphanumericnumber
issuedbytheIndianIncomeTaxDepartment.Usedforfilingincometax
returns,taxdeductions,andanycommunicationswiththeIncomeTax
Department.Hasbecomemandatoryforopeningabankaccount,opening
adebit/creditcard,openinganewlandline/telephoneconnection,
purchasingforeigncurrency,obtainingbankdepositsaboveRs50,000,etc.
• RationCard:Acardwhichmakeshouseholdseligibletopurchase
subsidisedfoodgrainfromthePublicDistributionSystem
• JobCard
• VoterID
• DomicileCertificate
• BirthCertificate
• IncomeCertificate
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labour Development Schemessupportingtheadvancementoflabour-relatedactivitieswithinthe
unorganisedsector,including:
• LabourCard:Enablescardholderstoreceiveaccesstovariouslabour-
relatedbenefitsorbenefitsforlabourer’sfamilies
• Benefitsprovidedtolabourer’sfamilies,ex:financialcompensationfor
pregnantwomen,child’seducation,girl’smarriage,etc.
• Provisionofrelevanttoolsandequipmenttolabourers
life Insurance Schemespertainingtolifeinsuranceprovision,generallyincludingdeaths,
accidents,anddisabilities
Minority Welfare Schemesspecificallyintendedforthebenefitofreligiousminorities(Buddhists,
Christians,Jains,Muslims,Parsis,Sikhs),including:
• Scholarshipsforminoritystudents(includingPre/PostMatric)-nearlyall
occurrences
• Skillstrainingandfinancialassistanceforminorities
Rural Development Schemesintendedtoupliftruralcitizens(ex:youth,artisans,labourers,marginal
farmers)byprovidingcomprehensivedevelopmentinitiatives,including:
• Provisionofelectricity,drinkingwater,pavedroadstoruralcommunities
• Ruralskillsprogrammesintendedtoincreaseyouthemployment
• OrganisationofSelfHelpGroups(SHG),especiallyamongstruralwomento
promotefinancialliteracyandsavings
• Subsidisedbankloans
Social Security/Pension
• SocialSecurityandPensionschemestypicallypertainingtooldage(on
average60+yearsold),butcanalsofurtherbeintendedfordisabled
persons,widows/widowers,andpersonswithBPLstatus
• Note:AlsoincludesAnnapurnaYojana,afoodsecurityprogrammeintended
forelderlydestitutepersonswhoqualifyfortheNationalOldAgePension
Planbutdonotreceivepensions
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Urban Development Schemespertainingtothedevelopmentofurbanareas,includingservicessuch
as:
• Urbaninfrastructureandtransportation
• Housingdevelopmentinurban-areas
• Skillstrainingtoincreaseurbanemployment
• Providingsheltertourban-dwellinghomelesspersons
• Benefitsforstreetvendors
Water & Sanitation Schemesrelatedtoendingopendefecation,bothinruralandurbanareas,in
efforttopromotesanitarypracticesandcleancommunities.Householdtoiletsor
community-basedtoiletsinstalled-mostlyunderSwachhBharatMission
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MADHYA PRADESH
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Snapshot of the State of
Women in Madhya PradeshGender CompositionWomenrepresentjustunderhalfofMadhyaPradesh’speople,contributingto48.2% ofitspopulation.The total sex ratio(numberoffemalesto1,000males)hasimproved,currentlyat931femalesper1,000males(formerly919in2001).Theurbansexratioisnotablyworsethanruralacrosseverystate1.
1 Census MP: Sex Ratio and Female Population Data (Chapter 2): http://censusmp.nic.in/censusmp/pca.html
Sex Ratio: Number of Females per 1,000 Males
RURAl URBAN
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OccupationFemaleoccupationsinMadhyaPradesharelargelyagriculture-based,with80.0%ofruralwomenworkingin
Agriculture,while17.2% ofurbanwomenworkinAgriculture.ThemostcommonoccupationofruralfemalesisAgriculture(80.0%),whilethemostcommonoccupationofurbanfemalesisPublicAdministration/PublicServices(35.1%).Womeninbothruralandurbansettingshavesufferedasignificantlossofemploymentoverthepast20years.Womenmakeuponly23.9%oftherurallabourforce,substantiallydownfrom41.1% in1993/1994,andonly11.9%oftheurbanlabourforcedownfrom14.8%in1993/19941.
1 Labour Force Statistics: NITI Aayog: https://niti.gov.in/state-statistics
Employment Rate - % of labour Force by Gender (2011 Census)
FEMAlE MAlE
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Gender-Based Welfare Schemes Highlighted by Madhya Pradesh Government1 • Integrated Child Development Scheme (ICDS): Acomprehensivechilddevelopmentplanthatincludesprovisionofnutritionalsupplements,healthcheckups,referralservices,immunisations,
nutritionandhealtheducation,andpre-informaleducation
• ladli laxmi: Aschemewhichseekstochangetheculturalmindsetofhavingagirlchild;monetarycompensationreleasedundergirl’snamewhensheturns18ifsheisnotmarried
• POSHAN Abhiyan:Acomprehensivenutritionschemewhichpromotesnutritionofchildren,adolescents,pregnantandlactatingmothersthroughfocusonbreastfeeding,immunisations,infant
growthmonitoring,foodfortificationandmicronutrients,anemia&diarrheaprevention,antenatal
checkup,water,hygiene&sanitation
• Pradhan Mantri Matritva Vandana: Conditionallytransferscashtonewmothers(19+yearsold)uponregistrationatanAnganwadiCenter,attendanceofprenatalcounselling,gettingimmunisationsforchild,
etc.
• Rajiv Gandhi Scheme for Empowerment of Adolescent Girls (SABlA): AschemethatusestheexistinginfrastructureofICDSandAWCstoimproveadolescentgirls’nutrition,health,education,
vocationalandlifeskills
• Swagtam laxmi: Abehaviouralchangeandcapacitybuildingschemetochangesocietalattitudestowardswomenandgirls,includingendinggenderdiscriminationandcurbinggender-basedviolence
Non-Welfare Scheme Initiatives:• Gender Budgeting: Thepracticeofallocatingfundswithinabudgetusingagender-sensitiveapproach
• One Stop Center (Usha Kiran Kendra): Aschemewhichprovidesfemalevictimsofviolencetemporaryshelter,police-desk,transportation,legalaid,andmedical&counsellingservices
• Swadhar Greh: SimilartoOneStopCenter,providesassistancetofemalevictimsafflictedbyviolence,mentalillness,abandonment,homelessness,etc.
1 Women and ChlidChild Development Department: Government of Madhya Pradesh, http://mpwcdmis.gov.in/(S(k02g5vagw4qyulewsfa3kv3n))/Home.aspx#
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Gender Classification of Applicants and SoochnaPreneurs in Madhya Pradesh All proceeding data has been collected in Guna District.
TableabovedisplaysgenderclassificationofSoochnaPreneursandschemeapplicantsreachedbythem.
Key Insights (“+” indicates a positive insight, “-” indicates a negative insight):(-)OverallmoremaleapplicantshavebeensignedupbySoochnapreneurs(57.7%male)ascomparedto
female(42.3%female).Thisisnotable,asinallotherstates,ahigherpercentageofwomenhavebeensigned
upbymen.This indicates that more women need to be targeted to sign up for schemes, and more female SoochnaPreneurs need to be employed.
(-)Transgenderpersonsmakeuponly.02%ofsign-ups.This indicates that more transgender persons need to be targeted to sign up for schemes.
(-)SoochnaPreneursareroughlyevensplitbetweengender:50.7%maleand49.3%female.However,male
SoochnaPreneursareoverwhelminglysigningupmale applicants over female – 66.5% oftheapplicantswhommaleSoochnaPreneurssignuparemale.This indicates that more female SoochnaPreneurs need to be employed and that male SoochnaPreneurs need to be trained to sign up more women.
(+)FemaleSoochnaPreneursaresigningupfemaleapplicantsataslightlyhigherratethanmaleapplicants
(51.3%),butthisscalecanbetippedfurther.
Madhya Pradesh: Applicants % by Gender
Madhya Pradesh: SoochnaPreneurs % by Gender
SoochnaPreneur Gender
Applicant Gender
Female Male Total
Female 51.3% 33.5% 42.3%
Male 48.7% 66.5% 57.7%
Transgender 0.02% 0.01% 0.02%
100% 100% 100%
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Women in Madhya Pradesh: % Distribution of Scheme Applications by Category
Key Insights:Gender-BasedschemesinMParethesecondhighestinpopularityrankafterRajasthan.InMP,thisismainly
drivenbyPradhan Mantri Matritva Vandana Yojana(intheTop10schemesforwomen),Janani Suraksha, Kishori Shakti Yojana, POSHAN Abhiyan, Pradhan Mantri Sukanya Samriddhi Yojana, andladli laxmi.
Energy-basedschemes,outsizedat#1inrank,aremostlybeingdrivenbyPradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana,aschemegiveninwomen’snameswhichprovidesLPGgascylinderstohouseholdstoreplacechulhas(open
firestoves)andeliminatebiomassfuelusage.
labour Development schemes,#2inrank,aremostlybeingdrivenbylabour Suraksha Yojana,butthisschemeisstilllargelybeingallocatedtomen(65%tomen,35%towomen).
ID cards,#3inrank,unlockaccesstomanywelfareschemesandbasicservices.TopIDsappliedforareAadharCard,DomicileCertificate1,LandRecord,IncomeCertificate,VoterID,andPANCard(listedinorderof
numberofsign-ups).
1 Domicilecertificateorresidencecertificateisanecessarylegaldocumentforprovingthatapersonpossessesaresidenceinaparticularstate.
28 A last mile access to information initiative
Madhya Pradesh: % Distribution of Gender by Scheme Applications*Note: Categories are only boxed in red if there are more than 5 total applications (for all genders) for schemes within the category
(-) Agriculture, Identification (Certificates & Cards), and Healthcare arewithinwomen’sTop5mostappliedforschemes,yetthemajorityofapplicantsforthesetypesofschemesaremen. This indicates that SoochnaPreneurs need to target more women to sign up for these schemes.
(-)Itisconcerningthat65%ofLabourDevelopmentschemes–the2ndmostappliedforschemecategory
bywomen–arebeingallocatedtomen,as80%ofwomeninruralMPworkinfarmingorlabour-related
professions. This indicates that there needs to be a bigger push to sign up women for labour Development based schemes, such as labour Card or labour Suraksha Yojana.
(-)ThereisaconcerninghigherpercentageofmenapplyingforIdentificationCards&Certificates(65%),as
owningIDcardscanunlockaccesstomanysubsequentbenefitsforwomen.This indicates that there needs to be a bigger push to sign up women for basic IDs, like Aadhar Card, PAN Card, Voter ID, and Job Card.
(-) Caste-Based Development, Education/Skills Development, andMinority Welfare aremainlyschemesrelatedtoeducation–all3schemetypeshaveahigherproportionofmaleapplicants.This indicates there
29A last mile access to information initiative
is favourability for men receiving education-based schemes, and more women need to be targeted for such schemes.
(-)Asnotedearlier,veryfewschemesarebeingappliedforbytransgenderpersons.This indicates that Transgender persons need to be targeted for scheme signups by SoochnaPreneurs.
30 A last mile access to information initiative
Top 10 Schemes Applied for by Women in Madhya Pradesh*excludes ID Cards and Certificates if they are not a part of an actual scheme
Rank Top 10 Scheme Name
Scheme Category
Description Demand: % of Female Applicants
1 Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana(परधान मतरी उजजवला योजना)
Energy ProvidesLPGgascylinders
toruralhouseholdstoreduce
women’susageoffossilfuelsand
animalwastewhilecookingover
openfires,leadingtosuffering
fromindoorairpollution
82%
2 Mukhya Mantri labour Suraksha Yojana(मखयमतरी मजदर सरका योजना)
Labour
Development
Providesvariousbenefitsto
labourersupontheirsuccessful
applicationtoaLabourCard
35%
3 Ayushman Bharat Scheme - Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Scheme(आयष भारत योजना- परधान मतरी जन आरोगय योजना)
Healthcare
Insurance&
Assistance
Provideshealthinsurance
coverageperyearforsecondary
andtertiarycarehospitals;
implementsWellnessCenters
atwhichcomprehensivehealth
servicesareprovided(Non-
communicablediseases,
CommunicableDiseases,Dental,
MaternalHealth)
34%
31A last mile access to information initiative
4 National Rural livelihood Mission - Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana (राषटरीय गामरीण आजरीविका वमशन)
Rural
Development
Promotesself-employmentamong
ruralpoorbyorganisationofSelf
HelpGroups(SHGs),whichfocus
onfinancialliteracy/savingsand
skillsdevelopment
95%
5 Bhavantar Bhugtan Yojana(भािानतर भगतान योजना)
Agriculture Providesfinancialcompensation
bygivingthedifferencebetween
themarket(selling)priceandthe
governmentminimumsetprice
(MSP)intheeventofadrastic
commoditypricefall(when
marketpriceislowerthanMSP)
17%
6 Pradhan Mantri Matritva Vandana Yojana (परधान मतरी माततव िदना योजना)
Gender-Based
Development
Conditionallytransferscashto
newmothers(19+yearsold)upon
registrationatanAWC,attendance
ofprenatalcounselling,getting
immunisationsforchild,etc.
100%
7 Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (परधान मतरी जन धन योजना)
Financial
Inclusion&
Assistance
Promotesaccesstobankingby
incentivisingopeningofbank
accountswhichwillbegiven
overdraftreprieve,relaxedKYC
standards,nominimumbalance,
andDirectBenefitTransfers(DBT)
64%
8 Mission Indradhanush (वमशन इनददानष टरीकाकरण योजना)
Child
Development
Provideschildrenvaccinations
forTuberculosis,Diphtheria,
Pertussis,Tetanus,Polio,Hepatitis
B,PneumoniaandMeningitisdue
toHaemophilusInfluenzaetypeb
(Hib),Measles,Rubella,Japanese
Encephalitis(JE)andRotavirus
diarrhea.
51%
32 A last mile access to information initiative
9 Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchai Yojana (परधान मतरी कवष ससचाई योजना)
Agriculture Promotesefficientirrigation-“more
cropperdrop”,waterstorageand
conservationandencouragesinvestment
inirrigation
18%
10 Pradhan Mantri Gramin Aawas Yojana (परधान मतरी गामरीण आिास योजना)
Housing
Development
Providesfinancialassistancefor
constructionorupgradingofhouse-
includingtoiletinstallation,LPGgas
(cookingfuel),electricity,drinking
water,pavedroad-amergerofseveral
schemes(SwachhBharat,MakeinIndia,
Aadhar,etc.)
12%
Key Insights:(+) Pradhan Mantri Matritiva Yojana, anMPgovernmentfocus,isinhighpopularity.Thisispositive,asMPhasalowermaternalmortalityratethanIndia’snationalaverage(173deathsper100,000livebirths,vs.India
averageof130)1.OtherMPgovernment-highlightedschemessuchas ladli lakshmi, POSHAN Abhiyan, and ICDS are also popular.
(-)5outofthetop10schemesbeingappliedforbywomenarestilloverwhelminglybeingappliedformen
(>50%allocatedtomen). This indicates that SoochnaPreneurs can focus on signing up more women for these 5 schemes.
1 NITI Aayog Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR): https://niti.gov.in/content/maternal-mortality-ratio-mmr-100000-live-births
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DEF Targets in Madhya Pradesh on the Basis of Gender
• TrainmaleSoochnaPreneurstotargetandsignupmorefemaleapplicants
• TrainallSoochnaPreneurstotargetandsignupmoretransgenderapplicants
• HiremorefemaleSoochnaPreneurstoincreasenumberoffemaleapplicants
• Askwomeniftheyarealabourer,andifso,signthemupforLabourDevelopmentbasedschemes,such
asLabourCardorLabourSurakshaYojana
• SignALLwomenandchildrenupforbasicIDs:AadharCard,PANCard,JobCard,andVoterIDcard,
withoutexception
• SignwomenupformoreHealthcareschemes
• SignwomenupformoreEducation-basedschemes(ex:Pre/PostMatricScholarships)
• Signwomenupformoreofthefollowingschemes(schemeswithintheirTop10appliedforschemesthat
haveahigherproportionofmaleapplicants):
1. MukhyaMantriLabourSurakshaYojana(LabourDevelopment)
2. AyushmanBharat–PradhanMantriJanArogya(Healthcare)
3. BhavantarBhugtanYojana(Agriculture)
4. PradhanMantriKrishiSinchaiYojana(Agriculture)
5. PradhanMantriGraminAawasYojana(HousingDevelopment)
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JHARKHAND
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Snapshot of the State of
Women in Jharkhand
Gender CompositionWomenrepresentalmosthalfofJharkhandat48.7%ofitspopulation.Thetotal sex ratio(numberoffemalesto1,000males)hasimproved,currentlyat948femalesper1,000males(formerly941in2001),andisthe
second2ndhighestafterOdishainthisanalysis1.
1 Census MP: Sex Ratio and Female Population Data (Chapter 2): http://censusmp.nic.in/censusmp/pca.html
Sex Ratio: Number of Females per 1,000 Males
RURAl URBAN
36 A last mile access to information initiative
OccupationFemaleoccupationsinJharkhandarelargelyagriculture-based,84.4%ofruralwomenworkinAgriculture,
while8.6%ofurbanwomenworkinAgriculture.ThemostcommonoccupationofruralfemalesisAgriculture (84.4%),whilethemostcommonoccupationofurbanfemalesisPublicAdministration/PublicServices(45.1%).Womeninbothruralandurbansettingshavesufferedalossofemploymentoverthepast15years.Womenmakeuponly20.4%oftherurallabourforce,downfrom31.3%in2004/2005,andonly 7.3%ofthe
urbanlabourforcedownfrom13.7%in2004/20051.
1 Labour Force Statistics: NITI Aayog: https://niti.gov.in/state-statistics
Employment Rate - % of labour Force by Gender (2011 Census)
FEMAlE MAlE
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Gender-Based Welfare Schemes Highlighted by Jharkhand Government1
• Integrated Child Development Scheme (ICDS): Acomprehensivechilddevelopmentplanthatincludesprovisionofnutritionalsupplements,healthcheckups,referralservices,immunisations,
nutritionandhealtheducation,andpre-informaleducation
• Integrated Child Protection Scheme (ICPS): Acentrallysponsoredschemetohelpthesafetyandsecurityofchildrenindifficultcircumstances,includingcreatingavulnerablechildtrackingdatabase,
raisingpublicawarenessonchildrights,strengtheningchildprotectionatthecommunityandfamily
levels
• Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana: Askillsdevelopmentschemewhichofferstrainingtolessereducatedyouthintechnicalareassuchasconstruction,electronics,hardware,foodprocessing,furniture
&fittings,handicrafts,gems&jewellery,andhelpsthemfindjobssubsequenttocompletionoftraining
Non-Welfare Scheme Gender Initiatives:
• Gender Budgeting: Jharkhandhasrecentlyintroducedgenderresponsivebudgetingforthepast2yearswhereinallgender-basedschemeshavebeenearmarkedforfunding.Arobustmonitoringsystem
hasbeenputintoplacetoensureprogressagainstgender-specificdevelopmenttargets
• Sakhi Mandals: Awomen’sself-empowermentprogrammethatincorporatesskillstrainingforwomenandorganisationthroughSelfHelpGroups(SHG),promotingfinancialindependence
1 Jharkhand Government: Jharkhand Vision and Action Plan, https://www.jharkhand.gov.in/Documents/Home/Vision_English.pdf
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Gender Classification of Applicants and SoochnaPreneurs in JharkhandAllproceedingdatahasbeencollectedinRanchiandBokarowithRanchirepresents99.7%ofthedata.
TableabovedisplaysgenderclassificationofSoochnaPreneursandschemeapplicantsreachedbythem.
Key Insights (“+” indicates a positive insight, “-” indicates a negative insight):
(+)Jharkhandhasanoverallhigherpercentageoffemaleapplicants(56.5%female).
(+)BothmaleandfemaleSoochnaPreneursaresigningupapplicantsinthesameway–roughly56%ofthe
applicantsreachedbybothmaleandfemaleSoochnaPreneursarewomen.Thisisinterestinggiventhatthere
aremoreSoochnaPreneursinJharkhand(59.5%aremale).
(-)Despitethepositiveskewoffemaleapplicants,59.5%ofSoochnaPreneursaremen.This indicates more female SoochnaPreneurs need to be hired.
(-)Transgenderpersonsmakeuponly.01%ofsign-ups.This indicates transgender persons need to be targeted to sign up for schemes.
Jharkhand: Applicants % by Gender
Jharkhand: SoochnaPreneurs % by Gender
SoochnaPreneur Gender
Applicant Gender
Female Male Total
Female 56.2% 56.8% 56.5%
Male 43.8% 43.2% 43.4%
Transgender 0.00% 0.02% 0.01%
100% 100% 100%
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Key Insights: Gender-BasedschemesinJharkhandaremainlydrivenby POSHAN Abhiyan (inWomen’sTop10schemes),Pradhan Mantri Matritva Yojanaand Janani Suraksha.
labour Development,#1inrank,isbeingdrivenbyLabourCardScheme,whichhelpsagriculturallabourersavailotherbenefitsfromthegovernment.As‘Farmer’isthemostcommonoccupationofour
femaleapplicantsinJharkhand,thisisintuitive.Giventhis,however,womenarenotsigningupforenough
Agriculture-basedschemesthatcouldberelevanttothemaswell.
Energy-based schemes,#2inrank,aremostlybeingdrivenbyPradhanMantriUjjwalaYojana.
ID cards, #3inrank,unlockaccesstomanywelfareschemesandbasicservices.TopIDsappliedforareIncomeCertificate,JobCard,PANCard,DomicileCertificate,RationCard,andVoterID(listedinorderof
numberofsign-ups).
Women in Jharkhand: % Distribution of Scheme Applications by Category
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Jharkhand: % Distribution of Gender by Scheme Applications*Note:Categoriesareonlyboxedinrediftherearemorethan5fivetotalapplications(forallgenders)for
schemeswithinthecategory
Key Insights:
(+)Jharkhandranks#1outofallstatesintermsofthe#ofschemecategorieshaving a greater percentage of women–11categories.
(+)Inallotherstates(exceptOdisha)thereisagenderbiastowardsmenforEducation-basedschemes,such
asEducation/SkillsDevelopmentandCaste-BasedDevelopment,butinJharkhandwomenarebeingfavoured
forEducation-basedschemes.
(-) Identification (Cards & Certificates)and Healthcare Insurance/Assistancearewithinwomen’sTop5mostappliedforschemes,yetthemajorityofapplicantsforthesetypesofschemesaremen.This indicates that SoochnaPreneurs need to target more women to sign up for IDs and Healthcare schemes.
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Top 10 Schemes Applied for by Women in Jharkhand*excludesIDCardsandCertificatesiftheyarenotapartofanactualscheme
Rank Top 10 Scheme Name
Scheme Category
Description Demand: % of Female Applicants
1 labour Card Scheme – Jharkhand(मजदर ननबधन कारड)
Labour
Development
Providesvariousbenefitsto
labourersupontheirsuccessful
applicationofaLabourCard
51%
2 Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana (परधान मतरी उजजवला योजना)
Energy ProvidesLPGgascylinderstorural
householdstoreducewomen’s
usageoffossilfuelsandanimal
wastewhilecookingoveropen
fires,leadingtosufferingfrom
indoorairpollution
97%
3 Ayushman Bharat Scheme - Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Scheme(आयष भारत योजना- परधान मतरी जन आरोगय योजना)
Healthcare
Insurance&
Assistance
Provideshealthinsurancecoverage
peryearforsecondaryandtertiary
carehospitals;implementsWellness
Centersatwhichcomprehensive
healthservicesareprovided
(Non-communicablediseases,
CommunicableDiseases,Dental,
MaternalHealth)
42%
4 POSHAN Abhiyan(पोषण अभभयान)
Gender-Based
Development
Promotesnutritionofchildren,
adolescents,pregnantand
lactatingmothersthroughfocuson
breastfeeding,immunisation,infant
growthmonitoring,foodfortification
µnutrients,anemia&
diarrhoeaprevention,antenatal
checkup,water,hygiene&sanitation
86%
42 A last mile access to information initiative
5 Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana(परधान मतरी कौशल विकास योजना)
Education/
Skills
Development
Providestrainingtolessereducated
youthintechnicalareassuchas
construction,electronics,hardware,
foodprocessing,furniture&fittings,
handicrafts,gems&jewellery,and
helpsthemfindjobssubsequentto
completionoftraining
60%
6 Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (परधान मतरी फसल बरीमा योजना)
Agriculture Providesinsuranceforfarmers
intheeventofcropfailure;
offerslowerpremiumsforkharif
(monsoonseason)andrabi(dry
season)crops
51%
7 Shramik Auzar Sahaytha Yojana (शरवमक औजार सहायता योजना)
Labour
Development
Providesassistancetolabourers
intheunorganisedsectorin
purchasingtools&equipment
45%
8 Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (परधान मतरी जन धन योजना)
Financial
Inclusion&
Assistance
Promotesaccesstobankingby
incentivisingopeningofbank
accountswhichwillbegiven
overdraftreprieve,relaxedKYC
standards,nominimumbalance,
andDBTs
50%
9 Pradhan Mantri Gramin Aawas Yojana (परधान मतरी गामरीण आिास योजना)
Housing
Development
Providesfinancialassistancefor
constructionorupgradingofhouse
-includingtoiletinstallation,LPG
gas(cookingfuel),electricity,
drinkingwater,pavedroad-a
mergerofseveralschemes(Swachh
Bharat,MakeinIndia,Aadhar,etc.)
50%
10 Swacch Bharat Mission - Gramin(सवचछ भारत वमशन (गामरीण))
Water&
Sanitation
installshouseholdandcommunity-
sharedtoiletstoendpracticeof
opendefecation
37%
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Key Insights:
(+) Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana hasbeenoutlinedasoneofJharkhandgovernment’stargetinitiativesforwomenfortheirgainfulemployment.ThisisnotableasthisisoneofthefewEducation/Skills
Developmentschemeswithinwomen’sTop10inthisanalysis.
(-)ThereareamodestnumberofwomensigningupforICDSandnosignupsfortheICPS–twoofJharkhand
government’stargetinitiatives.This indicates that these can be increased.
(-)3outoftheTop10schemesbeingappliedforbywomenarestilloverwhelminglybeingappliedforby
men(>50%allocatedtomen).This indicates that the SoochnaPreneurs can focus on signing up more women for these 3 schemes.
DEF Targets in Jharkhand on the Basis of Gender
• HiremorefemaleSoochnaPreneurstoreducethe60:40ratioinfavourofmen
• TrainallSoochnaPreneurstotargetandsignupmoretransgenderapplicants
• SignfemaleapplicantsupformoreAgriculture(farming)relatedschemesifapplicable
• SignmorewomenupforJharkhandgovernmenthighlightedschemes:
1. IntegratedChildDevelopmentScheme(ICDS)
2. IntegratedChildProtectionScheme(ICPS)
• SignALLwomenupforbasicIDs:AadharCard,PANCard,JobCard,andVoterIDcard,withoutexception
• SignwomenupformoreHealthcareschemes
• Signmorewomenupforthefollowingschemes(schemesintheirTop10thataremostlyallocatedto
men):
1. AyushmanBharat–PradhanMantriJanArogya(Healthcare)
2. ShramikAuzarSahaythaYojana(LabourDevelopment)
3. SwachhBharatMission–Gramin(Water&Sanitation)
44 A last mile access to information initiative
BIHAR
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Snapshot of the State of
Women in Bihar
Gender CompositionWomenrepresentjustunderhalfofBihar’speople,contributingto47.9%ofitspopulation.Thetotal sex ratio(numberoffemalesto1,000males)hasslightlydecreased,currentlyat918femalesper1,000males(formerly
919in2001)1.
1 Census MP: Sex Ratio and Female Population Data (Chapter 2): http://censusmp.nic.in/censusmp/pca.html
Sex Ratio: Number of Females per 1,000 Males
RURAl URBAN
46 A last mile access to information initiative
OccupationFemaleoccupationsinBihararelargelyagriculture-based,76.8% ofruralwomenworkinAgriculture,while 22.1%ofurbanwomenworkinAgriculture.ThemostcommonoccupationofruralfemalesisAgriculture
(76.8%),whilethemostcommonoccupationofurbanfemalesisPublicAdministration/PublicServices (33.3%). Womeninbothruralandurbansettingshavesufferedalossofemploymentoverthepast25years.Womenmakeuponly5.8%oftherurallabourforce,downfrom17.3%in1993/1994,andonly5.4%of
theurbanlabourforcedownfrom7.6%in1993/1994.Biharhasoneofthelowestemploymentratesinthe
country1.
1 Labour Force Statistics: NITI Aayog: https://niti.gov.in/state-statistics
Employment Rate - % of labour Force by Gender (2011 Census)
FEMAlE MAlE
47A last mile access to information initiative
Gender-Based Welfare Schemes Highlighted by Jharkhand Government1
• Beti Bachao Beti Padhao: Anationwidecampaigntoeliminategender-basedsexselectiontosavethegirlchildbyraisingawarenessandensuringprotectionandeducationofthegirlchild
• Mukhya Mantri Kanya Suraksha Yojana: Providesmonetarycompensationtofamiliestoincentivisethemtokeepthegirlchild
• Mukhya Mantri Nari Shakti Yojana: Acomprehensivecapacity-buildingschemewhichhelpswomenafflictedbydomesticviolence,providesawomen’shelpline,sheltersandshortstayhomes,palnaghar,
promotesSHGs,inter-castemarriage,etc.
Non-Welfare Scheme Gender Initiatives:
• Bihar Rajya Kinnar Kalyan Board (State Transgender Welfare Board): AnewlylaunchedboardinJuly2019whichaimstosecuretheinterestsandprotecttherightsoftransgenderpersonsandmembers
oftheLGBTQcommunity
• Gender Resource Center: Acenterthatprovidestechnicalbackstoppingtovariousgovernmentschemesfocusingonwomenempowermentthroughcollaborationwithnodaldepartments.Promotes
capacitybuildingforstakeholdersanddepartmentsworkingongender-basedlegislation,creates
changeagentsforbetterimplementation,etc.
• Poorna Shakti Kendra: CenterslocatedwithinblocksandGramPanchayatstofacilitategreateraccessforwomentosignupforgovernmentwelfareschemes,createawarenessaboutgenderissues,andhelp
womenafflictedbyviolence
• One Stop Center: Aschemewhichprovidesfemalevictimsofviolencetemporaryshelter,police-desk,transportation,legalaid,andmedical&counsellingservices
1 Women Development Corporation, Bihar: http://www.wdcbihar.org.in/Gender_Resource_Centre.aspx
48 A last mile access to information initiative
Gender Classification of Applicants and SoochnaPreneurs in Bihar AllproceedingdatahasbeencollectedinWestChamparan,Bhagalpur,andGaya.WestChamparan
represents98.5%ofthedata.
TableabovedisplaysgenderclassificationofSoochnaPreneursandschemeapplicantsreachedbythem
Key Insights (“+” indicates a positive insight, “-” indicates a negative insight):
(+)Biharhasthehighestrateoftransgenderapplicantsat0.1%,whichishigherthanitstransgender
population%of0.04%.
(+)Despitethe100%maleSoochnaPreneursratio1,thereisstillaslightskew towards female applicants(53.6%).
(-)100% of SoochnaPreneurs aremales.ThisistheonlystateinouranalysisinwhichthereareonlymaleSoochnaPreneurs.This indicates that there needs to be community mobilisation towards hiring more female SoochnaPreneurs.
1 In Bihar, SoochnaPreneur Phase II with an all-female cohort was not implemented and the Phase I was continued into the next phase in integration with the SoochnaSeva framework.
Bihar: Applicants % by Gender
Bihar: SoochnaPreneurs % by Gender
SoochnaPreneur Gender
Applicant Gender
Male Total
Female 53.6% 53.6%
Male 43.6% 43.6%
Transgender 0.1% 0.1%
100% 100%
49A last mile access to information initiative
Women in Bihar: % Distribution of Scheme Applications by Category
Key Insights:Gender-based schemesinBihararealmostentirelybeingdrivenbyPradhan Mantri Kanya Vivah Yojana.
ID cards, #1inrank,unlockaccesstomanywelfareschemesandbasicservices.TopIDsappliedforarePANCard,AadharCard,andRationCard(listedbynumberofsign-ups).
Energy-based schemes,#2inrank,aremostlybeingdrivenbyPradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana.
Healthcare Insurance/Assistance, #3inrank,issolelydrivenby Ayushman Bharat Yojana, whichprovideshealthinsurancecoverageperyearforsecondaryandtertiarycarehospitals;implementsWellness
Centersatwhichcomprehensivehealthservicesareprovided(Non-communicablediseases,Communicable
Diseases,Dental,MaternalHealth).
Water & Sanitation,#4inrank,isentirelydrivenbySwachh Bharat Mission,whichinstallshouseholdandcommunity-sharedtoiletstoendthepracticeofopendefecation.
50 A last mile access to information initiative
Bihar: % Distribution of Gender by Scheme Applications*Note:Categoriesareonlyboxedinrediftherearemorethan5totalapplications(forallgenders)for
schemeswithinthecategory
Key Insights:(+)AfterJharkhand,Biharhasthemost#ofschemecategorieswithahigherproportionofwomenapplicants
(8).
(-)Agriculture, Identification (Certificates & Cards),and Healthcare Insurance/Assistance arewithinwomen’sTop5mostappliedforschemes,yetthemajorityofapplicantsforthesetypesofschemesaremen.
This indicates that SoochnaPreneurs need to target more women to sign up for these schemes.
(-)Caste-Based Development, Education/Skills Development,andMinority Welfarearemainlyschemesrelatedtoeducation–all3schemetypesareskewedtowardsmen.This indicates there is favourability for men receiving education-based schemes, and more women need to be targeted for such schemes.
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Top 10 Schemes Applied for by Women in Bihar*excludesIDCardsandCertificatesiftheyarenotapartofanactualscheme
Rank Top 10 Scheme Name
Scheme Category
Description Demand: % of Female Applicants
1 Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana(परधान मतरी उजजवला योजना)
Energy ProvidesLPGgascylinderstorural
householdstoreducewomen’s
usageoffossilfuelsandanimal
wastewhilecookingoveropen
fires,leadingtosufferingfrom
indoorairpollution
95%
2 Ayushman Bharat Scheme - Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Scheme (आयष भारत योजना- परधान मतरी जन आरोगय योजना)
Healthcare
Insurance/
Assistance
Provideshealthinsurancecoverage
peryearforsecondaryandtertiary
carehospitals;implementsWellness
Centersatwhichcomprehensive
healthservicesareprovided
(Non-communicablediseases,
CommunicableDiseases,Dental,
MaternalHealth)
45%
3 Swacch Bharat Mission - Gramin(सवचछ भारत वमशन (गामरीण))
Water&
Sanitation
Installshouseholdandcommunity-
sharedtoiletstoendpracticeof
opendefecation
78%
4 Mukhya Mantri Kanya Vivah Yojana(मखतरी कना वििाह योजना)
Gender-Based
Development
Seekstoenddowrysystemand
childmarriageforBPLfamilieswith
daughters-conditionallytransfers
cashtonewlymarriedcoupleswith
stipulationthatfemalesare18+
yearsofage,males21+
100%
52 A last mile access to information initiative
5 Indira Gandhi National Old Age Pension Scheme - Bihar (इभदरा गाधरी राषटरीय िदािसा पशन योजना- वबहार)
Social
Security/
Pension
Providesmonthlypensionpayments
toBPLpersonswhoare60+years
ofage
40%
6 Pradhan Mantri Gramin Aawas Yojana (परधान मतरी गामरीण आिास योजना)
Housing
Development
Providesfinancialassistancefor
constructionorupgradingofhouse
-includingtoiletinstallation,LPG
gas(cookingfuel),electricity,
drinkingwater,pavedroad-a
mergerofseveralschemes(Swachh
Bharat,MakeinIndia,Aadhar,etc.)
80%
7 Diesel Anudan Yojana (ररीजल अननदान योजना)
Agriculture Providesdieselsubsidiestofarmers
tohelpthemcombatrisingdiesel
prices
19%
8 Ujala Yojana (Unnat Jeevan) (उजाला योजना (उननत जरीिन))
Energy ProvidesLEDbulbstoreduceusage
ofinefficientbulbsthatusemany
MWofpowerandtoproducecost
savings
68%
9 Pradhan Mantri Shram Yogi Maan Dhan Yojana (परधानमतरी शरम योगरी मान धन योजना)
Social
Security/
Pension
Providesmonthlypension
paymentstooldageworkersin
theunorganisedsector(informal
sector)
29%
10 Integrated Rural Development Programme (एकीकत गामरीण विकास कायडकरम)
Rural
Development
Promotesgainfulemploymentand
increasingthepurchasingpower
oftheruralpoorbyproviding
basicamenities(drinkingwater,
electricity,pavedroads),building
healthandeducationcenters,
providingtools&equipment,
subsidisedbankloans,etc.
80%
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Key Insights:
(-)BihargovernmenttargetinitiativessuchasMukhya Mantri Kanya Suraksha Yojana, Mukhya Mantri Nari Shakti Yojana,and Beti Bachao Beti Padhaoarenotbeingappliedfor.This indicates that women can be targeted to sign up for these schemes.Itisespeciallyimportantforthegirlchildschemes,asBiharhasoneofthelowestsexratiosinIndia.
(-)4outofthetop10schemesbeingappliedforbywomenarestilloverwhelminglybeingappliedforbymen
(>50%allocatedtomen).This indicates that SoochnaPreneurs can focus on signing up more women for these 4 schemes.
DEF Targets in Bihar on the Basis of Gender
• HirefemaleSoochnaPreneurstoreducethe100%ratioofmaleSoochnaPreneurs
• TrainallSoochnaPreneurstotargetandsignupmoretransgenderapplicants
• SignALLwomenupforbasicIDs:AadharCard,PANCard,JobCard,andVoterIDcard,withoutexception
• Signwomenupformoregirlchildschemes,asBiharhasoneofthelowestsexratiosinIndia.
All3areBihargovernmentpromotedschemes:
1. BetiBachao
2. MukhyaMantriKanyaSurakshaYojana
3. MukhyaMantriNariShaktiYojana
• SignwomenupformoreAgricultureandHealthcareschemes
• Signmorewomenupforthefollowingschemes(schemesintheirTop10thataremostlyallocatedto
men):
1. AyushmanBharat–PradhanMantriJanArogya(Healthcare)
2. IndiraGandhiOldAgePensionScheme(SocialSecurity/Pension)
3. DieselAnudanScheme(Agriculture)
4. PradhanMantriShramYogiMaanDan(SocialSecurity/Pension)
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RAJASTHAN
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Snapshot of the State of
Women in Rajasthan
Gender CompositionWomenrepresentjustunderhalfofRajasthan’speople,contributingto48.1%ofitspopulation.Thetotal sex ratio(numberoffemalesto1,000males)hasslightlyincreased,currentlyat928femalesper1,000males(formerly921in2001)1.
1 Census MP: Sex Ratio and Female Population Data (Chapter 2): http://censusmp.nic.in/censusmp/pca.html
Sex Ratio: Number of Females per 1,000 Males
RURAl URBAN
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OccupationFemaleoccupationsinRajasthanarelargelyagriculture-based,77.4%ofruralwomenworkinAgriculture,
while18.7%ofurbanwomenworkinAgriculture.Themostcommonoccupationofruralfemalesis
Agriculture(77.4%),whilethemostcommonoccupationofurbanfemalesisManufacturing(32.8%).Womeninbothruralandurbansettingshavesufferedalossofemploymentoverthepast15years.Womenmakeup
only34.9%oftherurallabourforce,downfrom45.8%in1993/1994,andonlymakeup14.4%oftheurban
labourforcedownfrom18.8%in2004/20051.
1 Labour Force Statistics: NITI Aayog: https://niti.gov.in/state-statistics
Employment Rate - % of labour Force by Gender (2011 Census)
FEMAlE MAlE
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Gender-Based Welfare Schemes Highlighted by Rajasthan Government1
• Aapki Beti Yojana:AschemewhichprovidescashincentivestogirlsfromBPLhouseholds,whoareenrolledinschool(Classes1–12),prioritizingthosewhoareorphansorhaveonesurvivingparent
• Bhamashah Yojana: Afinancialinclusionschemewhichtransfersfinancialandnon-financialbenefitsdirectlytofemalerecipients(fundsaredepositeddirectlyintothewoman’sbankaccountfortheentire
family)tohelpmakewomentheheadofthehousehold’sfinances.*ApplicantsforBhamashahCardcan
beanygender
• Beti Bachao Beti Padhao: Anationwidecampaigntoeliminategender-basedsexselectiontosavethegirlchildbyraisingawarenessandensuringprotectionandeducationofthegirlchild
• Integrated Child Protection Scheme (ICPS): Acentrallysponsoredschemetohelpthesafetyandsecurityofchildrenindifficultcircumstances,includingcreatingavulnerablechildtrackingdatabase,
raisingpublicawarenessonchildrights,strengtheningchildprotectionatthecommunityandfamily
levels
• Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan:Acentrallysponsoredschemefortheadvancementofsecondaryeducation,whichaimstoimprovethequalityofsecondaryeducation,removegenderand
socioeconomicbarriers,improveretentionratesandincreaseaccesstosecondaryeducation
• Menstrual Hygiene Scheme:Aschemewhichseekstoincreaseawarenessamongadolescentgirlsonmenstrualhygieneandtoincreaseaccesstoanduseofsanitarynapkins
• Mukhya Mantri Hunar Vikash Yojana: AschemewhichfocusesonprovidingopportunitiesforhighereducationandskillsdevelopmenttoapplicantsofPalanharYojanaandchildrenstayingininstitutional
homes.
• Rashtriya Kishor Swasthya Programme: AcomprehensiveprogrammeundertheNationalHealthMissionthatseekstoaddressthehealth,nutritional,reproductivehealth,andmentalneeds
ofadolescents.Objectivesincludeimprovingnutrition,improvingsexualandreproductivehealth,
improvingmentalhealth,andpreventingsubstancemisuse.Strategiesincludecommunity-based
interventionsandpeereducation
• Sarva Shikhsha Abhiyan:Acentrallysponsoredcampaignaimingtoachieveuniversalelementaryeducation,includesopeningnewschools,strengtheningexistingschoolinfrastructure,andcapacity
buildingforteachers
• Weekly Iron and Folic Acid Supplementation Programme: Aprogrammewhichaimstoreducetheprevalenceandseverityofanaemiainadolescentsthroughadministrationofweeklyiron-folicacid
supplements,dewormingmedications,screeningoftargetgroupformoderate/severeratesofanaemia,
andinformationandcounsellingfordietaryintakeandpreventionofintestinalworminfestation
1 Women & Child Development, Government of Rajasthan http://wcd.rajasthan.gov.in/docs/Rajasthan%20State%20Policy%20for%20Women%202018.pdf
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Other:• Gender Budgeting: Thepracticeofallocatingfundswithinabudgetusingagender-sensitiveapproach
• Mahila Suraksha Evam Salah Kendra: Women’ssecuritycenterslocatedatpolicestationsineverydistricttosupportsurvivorsofgender-baseddiscriminationandviolence(similarinconcepttoOne
StopCenter)
Gender Classification of Applicants and SoochnaPreneurs in RajasthanAllproceedingdatahasbeencollectedinAjmer, Alwar, Barmer, Bharatpur, Jaipur and Pali. Alwarrepresents74.3%ofthedata,Barmerrepresents23.6%ofthedata,whiletherestofthedistrictsrepresent0.01%-1.3%ofthedata.
TableabovedisplaysgenderclassificationofSoochnaPreneursandschemeapplicantsreachedbythem.
Rajasthan: Applicants % by Gender
Rajasthan: SoochnaPreneurs % by Gender
SoochnaPreneur Gender
Applicant Gender
Female Male Total
Female 59.1% 42.8% 53.0%
Male 40.9% 57.2% 47.0%
Transgender 0.01% 0.00% 0.01%
100% 100% 100%
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Key Insights (“+” indicates a positive insight, “-” indicates a negative insight):
(+)Overalltherearemore female SoochnaPreneurs (62.7%)inRajasthancomparedtootherstates.
(+)59.1%oftheapplicantssignedupbyfemaleSoochanpreneursarefemales.
(-)MaleSoochnaPreneursareoverwhelminglysigningupmale applicants – 57.2%oftheapplicantswhom
maleSoochnaPreneurssignuparemale.This indicates that male SoochnaPreneurs need to be trained to sign up more women.
(-)Transgenderpersonsmakeuponly.01%ofsign-ups.This indicates that more transgender persons need to be targeted to sign up for schemes.
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Women in Rajasthan: % Distribution of Scheme Applications by Category
Key Insights:
Gender-basedschemesarehighestinpopularityoutofallotherstatesintheanalysis,rankedat#3.ThisismainlydrivenbyBhamashah Yojana, POSHAN Abhiyan, Janani Suraksha(withintheTop10schemesforwomen),followedbyPradhan Mantri Sukanya Samudhi Yojana, Shubh Shakti Yojana,andPradhan Mantri Matritva Vandana(listedinorderofsign-ups).
ID cards,#1inrank,unlockaccesstomanywelfareschemesandbasicservices.TopIDsappliedforarePANCard,AadharCard,RationCard,IncomeCertificate,JobCard,andDomicileCertificate(listedinorderof
numberofsign-ups).
Energy-basedschemes,at#2inrank,aremostlybeingdrivenbyPradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana.
Social Security/Pensionschemesat#4aremostlybeingdrivenbyOld Age Pension - Rajasthan, Aam Aadmi Bima Yojana(bothinTop10)andMukhya Mantri Old Age Honor Pension Yojana.
(+)Althoughstillasmallpercentageofschemesappliedfor,Disability-basedschemesareappliedforatthehighestrateinRajasthanat0.5%.
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Key Insights:
(+) Healthcare Insurance/Assistanceschemeshaveahigherpercentageofmeninthisanalysis,butinRajasthanitisskewed towards women.
(-)Out of all the schemes applied for by women, ID Cardsandlabour Development schemes rank among the Top5.However,overall,themajorityofapplicantsfortheseschemesaremen.This indicates that SoochnaPreneurs need to target more women to sign up for these schemes.
(-)Caste-Based DevelopmentandEducation/Skills Development aremainlyschemesrelatedtoeducation–all3schemetypesthathaveahigherproportionofmaleapplicants.This indicates men are receiving significant proportions of education-based schemes compared to women. Thus, more women need to be targeted for such schemes.
Rajasthan: % Distribution of Gender by Scheme Applications*Note:Categoriesareonlyboxedinrediftherearemorethan5totalapplications(forallgenders)for
schemeswithinthecategory
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Top 10 Schemes Applied for by Women in Rajasthan*excludesIDCardsandCertificatesiftheyarenotapartofanactualscheme
Rank Top 10 Scheme Name
Scheme Category
Description Demand: % of Female Applicants
1 Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana (परधान मतरी उजजवला योजना)
Energy ProvidesLPGgascylinderstorural
householdstoreducewomen’s
usageoffossilfuelsandanimal
wastewhilecookingoveropen
fires,leadingtosufferingfrom
indoorairpollution
95%
2 Bhamashah Yojana (भामाशाह योजना)
Gender-Based
Development
Transfersfinancialandnon-
financialbenefitsdirectlytofemale
recipients(fundsaredeposited
directlyintothewoman’sbank
accountfortheentirefamily)to
helpmakewomentheheadofthe
household’sfinances.*Applicants
forBhamashahCardcanbeany
gender.
54%
3 Shramik Card Yojana - Rajasthan (शरवमक कारड योजना (राजसान)
Labour
Development
Helpslabourersavailavarietyof
benefits,suchasDBTforchild’s
education,daughter’smarriage,
houseconstruction,etc.
44%
4 Old Age Pension - Rajasthan (िदािसा पशन-राजसान)
Social
Security/
Pension
Providesmonthlypensionpayments
toelderlypersons55+yearsofage
59%
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5 POSHAN Abhiyan (पोषण अभभयान)
Gender-Based
Development
Promotesnutritionofchildren,
adolescents,pregnantand
lactatingmothersthroughfocuson
breastfeeding,immunisation,infant
growthmonitoring,foodfortification
µnutrients,anaemia&
diarrhoeaprevention,antenatal
checkup,water,hygiene&sanitation
82%
6 Swacch Bharat Mission - Gramin (सवचछ भारत वमशन (गामरीण))
Water&
Sanitation
Installshouseholdandcommunity-
sharedtoiletstoendpracticeof
opendefecation
40%
7 Nirmaan Shramik Jeevan & Bhavishy Suraksha Yojana (ननमाडण शरवमक जरीिन ि भविषय सरका योजना)
LifeInsurance Providescomprehensivelifeand
accidentcoverageonthecondition
thatrecipientsareeligiblefor
PradhanMantriSurakshayaBima
Yojana,PradhanMantriJeevan
JyotiBimaYojana,andAtalPension
Yojana
43%
8 Aam Aadmi Bima Yojana (आम आदमरी बरीमा योजना)
Social
Security/
Pension
Providescoveragefordeathand
disability(naturaldeath,death
duetoaccident,partialdisability,
permanentdisability)foridentified
vocational/occupationalgroupsand
rurallandlesshouseholds
40%
9 Ujala Yojana (Unnat Jeevan) (उजाला योजना (उननत जरीिन))
Energy ProvidesLEDbulbstoreduceusage
ofinefficientbulbsthatusemany
MWofpowerandtoproducecost
savings
75%
10 Janani Suraksha Yojana (जननरी सरका योजना)
Gender-Based
Development
Conditionallytransferscashto
pregnantwomen,upontheir
registrationtoagovernment
hospitaltoreducematernaland
newbornmortalityrates
100%
64 A last mile access to information initiative
Key Insights:
(+)3oftheTop10schemesareGender-Based,thehighestamongstthestatesinthisanalysis.Rajasthanranks#1intermsofwomensigningupforgender-basedschemes.
(-)4oftheTop10schemesarestilloverwhelminglybeingappliedforbymen(>50%allocatedtomen).This indicates that SoochnaPreneurs can focus on signing up more women for these 4 schemes.
DEF Targets in Rajasthan on the Basis of Gender
• TrainmaleSoochnaPreneurstotargetandsignupmorefemaleapplicants
• SignmorewomenupforEducation/SkillsDevelopment(ex:Pre/PostMatricScholarships)andCaste-
BasedSchemesrelatedtoEducation(ex:Pre/PostMatricScholarshipsforST/SC/OBC)
• SignmorewomenupforIDcardsandLabourDevelopmentschemes
• SignmorewomenupforRajasthangovernmentpromotedschemes:
1. AapkiBetiYojana
2. BetiBachaoBetiPadhao
3. IntegratedChildProtectionScheme(ICPS)
4. MadhyamikShikshaAbhiyan
5. MenstrualHygieneScheme
6. MukhyaMantriHunarVikashYojana
7. RashtriyaKishorSwasthyaProgram
8. SarvaShikshaAbhiyan
9. WeeklyIronandFolicAcidSupplementalProgramme
Sign more women up for the following schemes (schemes in their Top 10 that are mostly allocated to men):
• ShramikCardYojana-Rajasthan(LabourDevelopment)
• SwachhBharatMission–Gramin(Water&Sanitation)
• NirmaanShramikJeevan&BhavishyaSurakshaYojana(LifeInsurance)
• AamAadmiBimaYojana(SocialSecurity/Pension)
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66 A last mile access to information initiative
ODISHA
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Snapshot of the State of
Women in Odisha
Gender CompositionWomenrepresentjustunderhalfofOdisha’speople,contributingto49.5%ofitspopulation.Thetotal sex ratio(numberoffemalesto1,000males)hasslightlyincreased,currentlyat979femalesper1,000males(formerly972in2001).ThismakesOdisha#1insexratio(highest)outofallstatesinthisanalysis1.
1 Census MP: Sex Ratio and Female Population Data (Chapter 2): http://censusmp.nic.in/censusmp/pca.html
Sex Ratio: Number of Females per 1,000 Males
RURAl URBAN
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OccupationFemaleoccupationsinOdishaarelargelyagriculture-based,69.3% ofruralwomenworkinAgriculture,while 22.7%ofurbanwomenworkinAgriculture.ThemostcommonoccupationofruralfemalesisAgriculture
(69.3%),whilethemostcommonoccupationofurbanfemalesisPublicAdministration/PublicService (25.7%).Womeninbothruralandurbansettingshavesufferedalossofemploymentoverthepast15years.Womenmakeuponly25.1% oftherurallabourforce,downfrom35.1%in2004/2005,andonly15.8% oftheurbanlabourforcedownfrom20.2%in2004/20051.
1 Labour Force Statistics: NITI Aayog: https://niti.gov.in/state-statistics
Employment Rate - % of labour Force by Gender (2011 Census)
FEMAlE MAlE
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Gender-Based Welfare Schemes Highlighted by Odisha Government1
• Beti Bachao Beti Padhao: Anationwidecampaigntoeliminategender-basedsexselectiontosavethegirlchildbyraisingawarenessandensuringprotectionandeducationofthegirlchild
• Biju Kanya Ratna Yojana:AnOdishaschemeimplementedinOdishadistrictswiththelowestchildsexratiostotackleadecliningchildsexratio.Theschemeaimstoprohibitgender-biasedsexselection,
ensureeducationandretentionofthegirlchildinschoolaswellastosensitizethecommunityandall
stakeholderstowardsthevalueofgirlchild
• Integrated Child Development Scheme (ICDS): Acomprehensivechilddevelopmentplanthatincludesprovisionofnutritionalsupplements,healthcheckups,referralservices,immunisations,
nutritionandhealtheducation,andpre-informaleducation
• Integrated Child Protection Scheme (ICPS):Acentrallysponsoredschemetohelpthesafetyandsecurityofchildrenindifficultcircumstances,includingcreatingavulnerablechildtrackingdatabase,
raisingpublicawarenessonchildrights,strengtheningchildprotectionatthecommunityandfamily
levels
• Kishori Shakti Yojana: AschemelaunchedunderICDSwhichaimstoempoweradolescentgirlsinhelpingthembeself-sufficient,assistingthemwiththeirstudies(literacyandmathematicalskills),
promotingprimaryhealthcare,nutrition,andhygiene
• Mamata Scheme: Astatespecific,conditionalcashtransferschemewhichprovidesmonetarysupporttopregnantandlactatingwomen(conditionsincluderegistrationwithalocalAnganwadiCenter(AWC),
antenatalcheckups,immunisations,Iron&FolicAcid(IFA)tabletsetc.
• One Stop Center:Aschemewhichprovidesfemalevictimsofviolencetemporaryshelter,police-desk,transportation,legalaid,andmedical&counsellingservices
• Rajiv Gandhi Scheme for Empowerment of Adolescent Girls (SABlA): AschemethatusestheexistinginfrastructureofICDSandAWCstoimproveadolescentgirls’nutrition,health,education,
vocationalandlifeskills,similartoKishoriShakti
1 Women Child Department, Government of Odisha, http://wcdodisha.gov.in/
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Gender Classification of Applicants and SoochnaPreneurs in OdishaAllproceedingdatahasbeencollectedinBargarhDistrict.
TableabovedisplaysgenderclassificationofSoochnaPreneursandschemeapplicantsreachedbythem
Key Insights (“+” indicates a positive insight, “-” indicates a negative insight):
(+)Thereisaroughlyevensplitbetweenmaleandfemaleapplicants(49.7%male/50.3%female)
(-)ThereisasignificantlylargenumberofmaleSoochnaPreneurs(81.1%).This indicates that more female SoochnaPreneurs need to be hired.
(-)FemaleSoochnaPreneursaremainlysigningupmaleapplicants,whichistheoutlierinthisanalysiswhich
findsfemaleSoochnaPreneurstohaveatilttowardssigningupfemaleapplicantsorevenlysigningupmale
andfemaleapplicants.This indicates that there needs to be a targeting of more female applicants by these SoochnaPreneurs. (-)OdishaistheonlystateinwhichtherearenoTransgenderapplicants.This indicates that Transgender persons need to be targeted to sign up for schemes.
Odisha: Applicants % by Gender
Odisha: SoochnaPreneurs % by Gender
SoochnaPreneur Gender
Applicant Gender
Female Male Total
Female 36.5% 52.7% 50.3%
Male 63.5% 47.3% 49.7%
100% 100% 100%
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Women in Odisha: % Distribution of Scheme Applications by Category
Key Insights:
Thereisonly a single instanceofaGender-BasedschemesignupbyawomaninOdisha–forMamataScheme.
Financial Inclusion & Assistance,#1inrank,isprimarilydrivenbyPradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana,whichpromotesaccesstobankingbyincentivisingopeningofbankaccounts.
Social Security/Pension,#2inrank,isdrivenbyMadhuBabaPensionandIndiraGandhiOldAgeandDisabilityPensionschemes.
Energy,#3inrank,issolelydrivenbyPradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana.
(-)DespiteaneffortbyOdishagovernmenttohighlightchilddevelopmentschemes,therearenochild
developmentschemesignups,andhardlyanygender-basedschemesignups.This indicates that SoochnaPreneurs can target these scheme categories when signing up women.
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Odisha: % Distribution of Gender by Scheme Applications*Note:Categoriesareonlyboxedinrediftherearemorethan5totalapplications(forallgenders)for
schemeswithinthecategory
Key Insights:
(+)Onlytwoschemecategories(forwhichthereareatleastfiveapplications)haveamajorityofmale
applicants.
(+)ThereisaskewtowardsfemaleapplicantsforEducation/Skills Developmentschemes,andMinority Welfareschemesareevenlysplitbetweenmaleandfemaleapplicants.Thisisananomalyinthisanalysis,aseducation-basedschemestypicallyareskewedtowardsmen.
(-)Amajorityofthemainschemecategoriesinthisanalysisarenotbeingappliedforatallbyeithermaleorfemaleapplicants–Child Development, Disability, Healthcare Insurance/Assistance, ID Cards, labour Development, life Insurance, Rural Development, Urban Development. This indicates there needs to be a push to sign up Bargarh inhabitants for all these scheme types. There also needs to be an expansion of DEF’s programme in Odisha, as there are very few SoochnaPreneurs.
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Top 10 Schemes Applied for by Women in Odisha*excludesIDCardsandCertificatesiftheyarenotapartofanactualscheme
Rank Top 10 Scheme Name
Scheme Category
Description Demand: % of Female Applicants
1 Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (परधान मतरी जन धन योजना)
Financial
Inclusion&
Assistance
Promotesaccesstobankingby
incentivisingopeningofbank
accountswhichwillbegiven
overdraftreprieve,relaxedKYC
standards,nominimumbalance,
andDirectBenefitTransfers(DBT)
57%
2 Madhu Babu Pension Yojana (मध बभ पशन योजना)
Social
Security/
Pension
Providesapensiontothepoor
elderlyandpoordisabledpersons
70%
3 Anyodaya Anna Yojana(अतोदय अनना योजना)
Financial
Inclusion&
Assistance
Providessubsidisedfoodpermonth
toBPLfamiliestoensurefood
security
47%
4 Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana (परधान मतरी उजजवला योजना)
Energy ProvidesLPGgascylinderstorural
householdstoreducewomen’s
usageoffossilfuelsandanimal
wastewhilecookingoveropen
fires,leadingtosufferingfrom
indoorairpollution
77%
5 Swacch Bharat Mission - Gramin (सवचछ भारत वमशन (गामरीण))
Water&
Sanitation
installshouseholdandcommunity-
sharedtoiletstoendpracticeof
opendefecation
16%
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6 Pradhan Mantri Gramin Aawas Yojana (परधान मतरी गामरीण आिास योजना)
Housing
Development
Providesfinancialassistancefor
constructionorupgradingofhouse
-includingtoiletinstallation,LPG
gasconnection(cookingfuel),
electricity,drinkingwater,paved
road-amergerofseveralschemes
(SwachhBharat,MakeinIndia,
Aadhar,etc.)
53%
7 Mo Kudia Scheme (now known as Biju Pucca Ghar Yojana) (मो कनिया योजना / बरीज पका घर योजना)
Housing
Development
Providespuccahousing(madewith
burntbrick,stone,cementconcrete,
timber)to10lakhfamiliesto
replacekutchahousing(madeof
brick,bamboo,mud,grass,etc.)
64%
8 Post Matric Scholarship (पोसट मनरिक छातिसति)
Education/
Skills
Development
Providesfinancialassistancetopost
matricstudents(Class11,12,andup
tograduatedegree)
62%
9 Indira Gandhi National Old Age Pension Scheme - Odisha (इभदरा गाधरी राषटरीय िदािसा पशन योजना-ओनरशा)
Social
Security/
Pension
Providesamonthlypensionto
personsover60whoareBPL
50%
10 Indira Gandhi National Disability Pension Scheme (इभदरा गाधरी राषटरीय विकलागता पशन योजना)
Social
Security/
Pension
ProvidesamonthlypensiontoBPL
disabledpersonsbetween18-79
yearsofagewith40%+disability
67%
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Key Insights:
(+)Forthefirsttimeinthisanalysis,ascholarshipschemeisintheTop10schemesforwhichwomenare
signingup.
(+)ThereappearstobeastrongpreferenceforSocialSecurity/Pensionschemes,as3oftheTop10aresuch
schemes.
(-)2oftheTop10schemesarestilloverwhelminglybeingappliedforbymen(>50%allocatedtomen).This indicates the SoochnaPreneurs can focus on signing up more women for these 2 schemes.
DEF Targets in Odisha on the Basis of Gender• HiremorefemaleSoochnaPreneurstoreducethe81:29skewtowardsmen
• TrainthecurrentfemaleSoochnaPreneurstosignupmorefemaleapplicants
• Signupeveryone–bothmaleandfemaleapplicants–formissingschemecategoriessuchas:Child
Development,Disability,HealthcareInsurance/Assistance,IDCards,LabourDevelopment,Life
Insurance,RuralDevelopment,UrbanDevelopment.
• SignwomenupformoreGender-BasedandChildDevelopmentschemes,suchasthosehighlightedby
theOdishagovernment:
1. BetiBachaoBetiPadhao
2. BijuKanyaRatnaYojana
3. ICDS
4. ICPS
5. KishoriShaktiYojana
6. MamataScheme
7. RajivGandhiSchemeforEmpowermentofAdolescents(SABLA)
• Signupmorewomenforthefollowing(schemesintheirTop10thataremostlyallocatedtomen):
1. AntyodanaAnnaYojana(SocialSecurity/Pension)
2. SwachhBharatMission–Gramin(Water&Sanitation)
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State Rankings
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Rankings listed from best to worst, 1 = best case for women, 5 = worst case for women
Sex Ratio – Rural (2011 Census)
Sex Ratio – Urban (2011 Census)
Female Employment Rate – Rural (2011 Census)
State Rank # Females per 1,000 Males
Odisha 1 989
Jharkhand 2 961
MadhyaPradesh 3 936
Rajasthan 4 933
Bihar 5 921
State Rank # Females per 1,000 Males
Odisha 1 932
MadhyaPradesh 2 918
Rajasthan 3 914
Jharkhand 4 910
Bihar 5 895
State Rank % Female Employed
Rajasthan 1 34.9%
Odisha 2 25.1%
MadhyaPradesh 3 23.9%
Jharkhand 4 20.4%
Bihar 5 5.8%
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Female Employment Rate – Urban (2011 Census)
Applicants: % Female
SoochnaPreneurs: % Female
State Rank % Female Employed
Odisha 1 15.8%
Rajasthan 2 14.4%
MadhyaPradesh 3 11.9%
Jharkhand 4 7.3%
Bihar 5 5.4%
State Rank % Female Applicants
Jharkhand 1 56.5%
Bihar 2 53.6%
Rajasthan 3 53.0%
Odisha 4 50.3%
MadhyaPradesh 5 42.3%
State Rank % Female SoochnaPreneurs
Rajasthan 1 62.7%
MadhyaPradesh 2 49.3%
Jharkhand 3 40.5%
Odisha 4 18.9%
Bihar 5 0%
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#SchemeCategorieswith≥50%FemaleApplicants
% of Female Applicants Signed Up by Male SoochnaPreneurs
#SchemesinWomen’sTop10with≥50%FemaleApplicants
State Rank # Categories
Jharkhand 1 11
Bihar 2 8
MadhyaPradesh 3 7
Rajasthan 3 7
Odisha 3 7
State Rank % Females Signed Up by Men
Jharkhand 1 56.8%
Bihar 2 53.6%
Odisha 3 52.7%
Rajasthan 4 42.8%
MadhyaPradesh 5 33.5%
State Rank # Schemes
Odisha 1 7
Rajasthan 2 6
MadhyaPradesh 3 5
Jharkhand 3 5
Bihar 3 5
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Scheme Categories by Popularity for Women Across States (calculated by combining the rankings of each category across all 5 states)
Top half in green, bottom half in red1
1 For a more in-depth understanding of the ranking methodology for both tables, please refer to page 7
Rank of “Gender-Based Development” Schemes Signups
State Rank Gender-Based Scheme Rank
Rajasthan 1 3
MadhyaPradesh 2 4
Jharkhand 3 5
Bihar 4 6
Odisha 5 9
Scheme Category1 Popularity Rank
Energy 1
IDs(Certificates&Cards) 2
Gender-BasedDevelopment 3
LabourDevelopment 4
HealthcareInsurance/Assistance 5
SocialSecurity/Pension 6
Agriculture 7
Caste-BasedDevelopment 8
Education/SkillsDevelopment 9
Water&Sanitation 10
HousingDevelopment 11
FinancialInclusion&Assistance 12
RuralDevelopment 13
ChildDevelopment 14
LifeInsurance 15
Disability 16
MinorityWelfare 17
UrbanDevelopment 17
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Scheme Categories by % of Female Applicants Across States
(calculated by combining the rankings of each category across all 5 states)
In green if scheme has 50%+ female applicants in at least 3 states; else red
Scheme Category % Female Applicants Rank
Energy 1
Gender-BasedDevelopment 2
FinancialInclusion&Assistance 3
RuralDevelopment 4
Disability 4
SocialSecurity/Pension 5
ChildDevelopment 5
HousingDevelopment 6
Caste-BasedDevelopment 6
UrbanDevelopment 6
HealthcareInsurance/Assistance 7
Education/SkillsDevelopment 8
IDs(Certificates&Cards) 9
LifeInsurance 10
Water&Sanitation 11
LabourDevelopment 12
Agriculture 13
MinorityWelfare 14
Key Insights:
(+)Energy,themostpopularschemetypeamongstwomen,ismainlydrivenbyPradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana.Asthisschemeisprovidedinthefemale’sname,thisindicateswhyitismostlyskewedtowardswomen.
(+) Child Development, Disability, Financial Inclusion & Assistance, Rural Development schemesarerelativelylesspopularamongstwomenintermsof#ofsignups,butahigherproportionoftheseschemesare
allocatedtowomen.
(-)Whileitisapositivesigntosee Identification (ID Cards & Certificates)verypopularwithwomen,itisconcerningthatIDsaremainlybeingallocatedtomenacrossallstates,ascertainIDcardslikeAadharCard
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Scheme Name Scheme Category Popularity Rank
PradhanMantriUjjwalaYojana Energy 1
SwachhBharatMission(Gramin) Water&Sanitation 2
PradhanMantriGraminAawasYojana HousingDevelopment 3
PradhanMantriJanDhanYojana FinancialInclusion&Assistance 4
AyushmanBharatScheme-PradhanMantri
JanArogyaScheme
HealthcareInsurance&Assistance 5
IndiraGandhiNationalOldAgePension
Scheme
SocialSecurity/Pension 6
POSHANAbhiyaan Gender-BasedDevelopment 7
Top 20 Most Popular Schemes for Women Across All 5 States
Rankingscalculatedbysummingtheindividualrankingsofeachschemeacrossall5statesandsortingfrom
morepopulartolesspopular(startingwithrank“1”asmostpopular).Thereafter,rankingsfactorinthe#of
statesinwhichaschemeoccursanditstotalnumberofoccurrencesacrossall5states1.
1 For a more in-depth understanding of the ranking methodology for this table, please refer to the Methodology section of this report
andPANCardunlockaccesstomanyotherschemesandbenefitsforwomenandarebecomingmandatoryto
availbasicservices.
(-) labour Developmentisapopularschemetypewithwomen,butitismainlybeingallocatedtomenacrossallstates.
(-)Healthcare Insuranceisapopularschemetypewithwomen,butitismainlybeingallocatedtomenacrossallstates.
(-)Agricultureschemesareofmediumpopularitywithwomen,yetaremostseverelyallocatedtomen.
(-)Whileschemeslike Minority Welfare, life Insurance, and Urban Developmentarerarerschemesforbothwomenandmentosignupfor,thesearestillmostlyskewedtowardsmen.
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UjalaScheme(UnnatJeevan) Energy 8
PradhanMantriMatritvaVandanaYojana Gender-BasedDevelopment 9
PradhanMantriKisanSamaanNidhiYojana Agriculture 10
JananiSurakshaYojana Gender-BasedDevelopment 11
AamAadmiBimaYojana SocialSecurity/Pension 12
PradhanMantriFasalBimaYojana Agriculture 13
PradhanMantriKaushalVikasYojana Education/SkillsDevelopment 14
PradhanMantriShramYogiMaanDhanYojana SocialSecurity/Pension 15
PradhanMantriSukanyaSamridhiYojana Gender-BasedDevelopment 16
PostMatricScholarshipforSC/ST/OBC Caste-BasedDevelopment 17
IntegratedChildDevelopmentScheme ChildDevelopment 18
NationalRuralLivelihoodMission RuralDevelopment 19
AtalPensionYojana SocialSecurity/Pension 20
Key Insights: (+)ThemostrecurringschemecategorytypeoftheTop20mostpopularschemesacrossall5statesare
Gender-Based Development(appearing4times),tiedwithSocial Security/Pension(appearing4times)
Therearenoappearancesof Disability, Minority Welfare, labour Development, life Insurance, or Urban Development schemesintheTop20mostpopularschemesforwomenacrossthefivestates.Thisisnotnecessarilya(-)insight,asmanyofthesecategoriesarecircumstance-based(ex:onlydisabledpersons
wouldbeapplyingfordisability-basedschemes,onlyreligiousminoritieswouldbeapplyingforminority-
basedschemes,etc.)LifeInsuranceandUrbanDevelopmentschemesarerareapplicationsacrossall
genders.
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% Scheme Categories Applied for by WomenScheme names are marked in green when at least 3 of 5 states have 50%+ female applicants; otherwise they are marked in red
Scheme Category MP Jharkhand Bihar Rajasthan Odisha
Agriculture 18% 44% 28% 37% 0%
Caste-Based Development 49% 50% 40% 43% 29%
Child Development 53% 68% 21% 57% 0%
Disability 56% 83% 50% 46% 0%
Education/Skills Development 45% 58% 24% 40% 60%
Energy 72% 90% 93% 92% 76%
Financial Inclusion & Assistance 65% 52% 54% 53% 52%
Gender-Based Development 88% 87% 86% 70% 50%
Healthcare Insurance/Assistance 35% 43% 44% 54% 0%
Housing Development 12% 50% 80% 51% 57%
IDs (Certificates & Cards) 35% 47% 47% 43% 0%
Labour Development 35% 50% 0% 42% 0%
Life Insurance 42% 0% 27% 47% 0%
Minority Welfare 29% 0% 0% 0% 50%
Rural Development 83% 64% 75% 41% 0%
Social Security/Pension 39% 62% 40% 53% 69%
Urban Development 75% 0% 100% 29% 0%
Water & Sanitation 15% 43% 78% 40% 16%
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% Distribution of Scheme Applications by Women This chart shows the distribution of each scheme category applied for by women for each state. The rows show the data across each state for each scheme category, while the columns show the data for just one state, where the sum of each column adds up to 100%.
Scheme Category
MP Jharkhand Bihar Rajasthan Odisha Agriculture 7.3% 3.6% 6.7% 3.5% 0.0%
Caste-Based Development 4.7% 5.3% 0.6% 4.0% 0.4%
Child Development 2.7% 0.7% 0.4% 2.1% 0.0%
Disability 0.04% 0.1% 0.3% 0.5% 0.0%
Education/Skills Development 1.8% 4.7% 0.8% 2.8% 2.4%
Energy 29.7% 22.2% 25.4% 19.2% 13.7%
Financial Inclusion & Assistance 3.1% 2.0% 0.5% 1.5% 50.1%
Gender-Based Development 8.3% 7.2% 5.1% 15.4% 0.2%
Healthcare Insurance/Assistance 7.0% 9.4% 16.1% 2.6% 0.0%
Housing Development 1.5% 2.6% 1.7% 2.0% 5.0%
IDs (Certificates & Cards) 9.6% 11.3% 25.5% 22.5% 0.0%
Labour Development 12.9% 24.0% 0.0% 5.8% 0.0%
Life Insurance 0.2% 0.0% 0.2% 3.7% 0.0%
Minority Welfare 0.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.2%
Rural Development 7.0% 0.7% 0.6% 1.0% 0.0%
Social Security/Pension 2.6% 3.8% 4.9% 10.3% 21.5%
Urban Development 0.1% 0.0% 0.1% 0.1% 0.0%
Water & Sanitation 1.2% 2.3% 11.1% 2.8% 6.4%
100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
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Gender-Based Recommendations for Future SoochnaPreneur Phases (and similar future DEF initiatives)
Short Term Recommendations: • DEF should hire more female SoochnaPreneurstoreducepotentialpreferencebiasforsigningupmaleapplicants.Thisisespeciallycriticalforsigningupfemaleapplicantsforessentialcategories
suchasIdentificationCardsandHealthcare,andempowermentcategories,suchasEducation&Skills
DevelopmentandLabourDevelopment.
• DEF should hire transgender SoochnaPreneurstohelpreducethestigmatisationofbeingTransgenderwithincommunities,andtopotentiallydobetterwithTransgenderoutreachintermsof
welfareschemeservicedelivery.
• District Coordinators should provide gender-sensitive training to SoochnaPreneursforsigningupapplicants.
• AsofAugust2019,34phoneconversationshavebeenheldwithDistrictCoordinatorsand
SoochnaPreneursfromeachstatebyDEF’sResearch&Advocacyunitasapreliminarystep.
SoochnaPreneurswithoverwhelmingpreferentialbiastowardsmaleapplicantsoveralland/orwithin
specificschemecategoriesweregivenagender-sensitivitybriefingandwererequestedtofocuson
signingupmorewomenforspecificschemes.
• SoochnaPreneursshouldbetrainedtosignupwomenformore“headofhousehold”typeschemes
whichareavailedbytheentirehousehold(ex:AyushmanBharat,SwachhBharat,GraminAawas).
long Term Recommendations: • DEF should launch more SoochnaSeva access points in rural areas sowomenhavecloseraccess.
• Policy recommendations to state and central governments to create schemes designed explicitly for women and to only go in their name (ex:asisthecasewithPradhanMantriUjjwalaYojana,PradhanMantriMatritvaYojana,andBhamashahYojana,allofwhicharefoundtobepopularamongstwomenin
thisanalysis).
1. Educationandskillsdevelopmentschemesdesignedexplicitlyforwomenwouldbe
particularlybeneficial,astheseareessentiallyempowermentschemesthatcouldhelpreduce
thegenderpovertygap.
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ConclusionThisreportprimarilysoughttobetterunderstandtheextentofgenderinclusioninwelfareschemeservice
deliverybySoochnaPreneursaswellasascertainthedemandforvaryingtypesofwelfareschemesby
women.
Gender Inclusion
Thefindingsofthisreporthavehighlightedtheneedforgenderinclusionwithinprogrammedesignitself
inordertobeabletofostergendermainstreamingthroughthemeansofaccesstoinformation.Entrenched
genderdynamicshaveyieldedconsistentinstancesinwhichmaleSoochnaPreneurstargetedmaleapplicants
overfemale,whilefemaleSoochnaPreneurstargetedfemaleapplicantsovermale.Suchdynamicshavealso
yieldedasevereunderrepresentationoftransgenderpersonstargetedforwelfareschemeservicedelivery.
Withinthecontextofeffectiveprogrammedesignandimplementation,beinghighlycognisantoflocal/
regionalgenderdynamicsatplayandhowtheymightimpactservicedeliveryiscrucial.
Asfollows,thefindingsdetailedabovehaveuncoveredthenecessityofembeddinggender-sensitivity
trainingintotheentrepreneurshipmodeltominimizecircumstancesofpreferentialbiastowardsmales.While
themodelitselfmaybesustainableonthebasisofincomegenerationandself-employment,itwillnotbe
sociallyoptimalifentrepreneursarenotprovidedtrainingthatwillfostergreatergenderinclusion.Gender-
sensitivitytrainingcanhelpsolveforgender-mismatchedschemes–schemeswhicharehighlyappliedforby
womenbutstillhaveahigherproportionofmaleapplicants,indicatingpotentialpreferentialbiasintargeting
maleapplicants.
Bothfindingsareparticularlycrucialindesigningandimplementingsocialwelfareinitiatives,assuch
initiativesneedtobehyperawareofhowtoreachthemostmarginalisedgendergroups.Inthecaseoflast
mileaccesstoinformation,itiscriticalthatthelastmilereacheswomen,transgenderpersons,andother
ostracizedgroups.
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Welfare Scheme Demand by Women
Asitpertainstoascertainingthedemandlandscapeforwelfareschemes,perhapsthemostinsightfulfinding
isthatwomensignupfor“women-only”welfareschemesataconsistentlyhighrate.Schemesdesigned
tobeallocatedonlytowomenmayhelpbridgethepreferentialbiastowardsmalegap,asevenmale
SoochnaPreneurswithsuchbiasesarerestrictedfromassistingmalesinsigningupfortheseschemes.ToDEF
andothersocially-focusedenterprisesengaginginadvocacywork,itisrecommendedtoadvocatetostate
andcentralgovernmentsforthecreationofmoregender-orientedwelfareschemesandprogrammeswhich
explicitlyhelpmarginalisedgendergroupsonly.
Anotherencouragingfindingisthatgender-baseddevelopmentschemesarewithinwomen’sTop5most
popularschemesacrossallfivestates–theseschemesareempowermentschemesinnature,andifavailed
bywomen,canpotentiallyhelpreducethegenderpovertygap.Thisfindingisanothertestamenttothe
popularityoffemaleempowermentschemesbywomen,andcanbeusedtoadvocateformoregender-
orientedwelfareschemesandprogrammes.
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CONTACTDigital Empowerment Foundation
House No. 44, 2nd & 3rd Floor (Next to Naraina IIT Academy)Kalu Sarai, (Near IIT Flyover), New Delhi – 110016
Tel: 91-11-26532786 / Fax: 91-11-26532787Email: [email protected] | URL: www.defindia.org