Download - A Global Inventory of Perennial Vegetables
1
A Global Inventory of Perennial Vegetables
Contents
Key to the Inventory 1Extreme Cold 3Cold Temperate 4Cool Maritime 8Hot and Humid 13Arid and Hot 16Mediterranean 17Lowland Humid/Monsoon Tropics 23Lowland Arid Tropics 27Highland Humid/Monsoon Tropics 29Highland Arid Tropics 32
Key to the Inventory
Perennial Vegetables DefinedThe crops included in this global inventory all fit my definition of perennial vegetable: living three or more years, used as a vegetable and not a novelty crop or culinary herb, and not destroyed by harvesting. Some of these root crops are plant/replant perennials, meaning they are dug up for harvest but then some portion is replanted in the same or another hole, keeping the plant alive to produce again the following year. By vegetable, I mean leaves, leaf-stalks, shoots, flowers, flowerbuds (broccolis), tubers, corms, rhizomes, roots, pods, beans, and other above- or below-ground parts that are eaten raw or cooked as a meal or side dish. In the case of fruits, I mean fruits that are cooked and eaten as a meal or side dish (e.g., eggplant), not dessert fruits (e.g., strawberries).
Climate ZonesClimate zones are based on those given in Perennial Vegetables, which were developed for the United States and Canada. I have added a few more climate types to make this a more global resource, though it is not a perfect fit in every case. Species listed in a climate zone will be perennial in all or most of that zone. Woody plants listed as “dieback” will be frost-killed but re-sprout to provide a legitimate harvest of some or all of their products (e.g., moringa will re-sprout and grow 15-20’, sometimes setting pods but always plenty of edible leaves.)
The SpeciesThis is by no means a comprehensive list of all of the perennial vegetables in the world. However it includes the most suitable species for the given climate zones that I know of. Some of the cold climate species I include are more marginal, whereas tropical species are mainly the best candidates because there is a greater number of crops are available in those climate zones. I’ve added about ninety crops not profiled in Perennial Vegetables for a total of almost two hundred.
Region of OriginNote that this is a global inventory of perennial vegetables. Always start with species native to your region and build out from there. Some of these species are, or could become, serious weeds outside of their native range. A single asterisk (*) in the “Origin” column indicates a terrestrial species that has or could naturalize aggressively. A double asterisk (**) indicates aquatic species, which are particularly likely to naturalize and should be grown
2
with caution outside their native range. This is a global list, you may wish to avoid planting aggressively naturalizing spe-cies that are not from your area. Even invasive weeds such as air potato are native somewhere (in this case, a huge area from Africa to Australia), and should be taken advantage of at least in those areas.
Form This describes the form of the plant, whether it be tree, cactus, herb, etc. There’s a lot more than herbaceous perennials out there!
Edible PartsThis field describes what edible portion used as a vegetable, as well as any other edible uses it may have. Note that most of these vegetables should be cooked. “Must be cooked” in the the notes indicates toxicity; those plants absolutely must be cooked before eating.
Sun and ShadeThis indicates a plant’s light preferences. One of the great things about perennial vegetables is that so many of them grow well in shade.
MoistureThis field refers to moisture conditions most suitable to the plant including wet, mesic (medium), and dry. It also includes aquatic plant niches, including emergent aquatics (the roots are under water, but the leaves emerge above the water surface, whether deep or shallow), emergent floaters (similar to emergent aquatics, but the leaves float at the water surface and do not extend beyond it), floating aquatics (plants in this niche float at the surface but are not rooted into soil below), and submerged aquatics (completely underwater).
NotesThis column has information on nuisances like spines and stinging, as well as toxicity or other concerns.
A Global Inventory of Perennial Vegetables 3
EXTREME COLD: This region covers most of inland Canada as well as the northern United States and portions of Europe and Asia. It corresponds with USDA zones 1–3, and Sunset Zones 1, 44, and 45. Note that heavy snow cover can provide excellent insulation in this zone, but the short season and lack of hot summers are serious limiting factors.
Latin Name Common Name
Origin Form Edible Parts
Sun & Shade
Moisture Notes
Allium cernuum nodding wild onion Eurasia herb greens sun to part dry to mesic
Asclepias syriaca, A. speciosa
showy and common milkweed North America herb
WLSSXW��¾S[-erbuds, young leaves, pods sun dry to mesic
Centranthus ruber red valerian Eurasia herb greens sun to part dry to mesic
Helianthus maximilianiMaximilan WYR¾S[IV North America giant herb shoots, seeds sun dry to mesic
Helianthus tuberosus sunchokeeastern North America giant herb tubers sun mesic
Lemna spp. duckweed worldwide** microherb greens sun ¾SEXMRK�EUYEXMG
Matteuccia struthiopteris ostrich fernEurasia, North America fern shoots part to shade wet to mesic must be cooked
Nasturtium officinale watercress Eurasia** giant herb leaves sunIQIVKIRX�¾SEXMRK�EUYEXMG�XS�[IX
Oxyria digynamountain sorrel
Eurasia, North America herb greens sun to part mesic
Perideridia gairdnerii yampah North America herb tubers sun wet to mesic
Rheum × cultorum rhubarb Eurasia herb leafstalks sun mesic leaves and roots toxic
Sagittaria latifolia arrowheadNorth America** herb tubers, shoots sun
deep IQIVKIRX�EUYEXMG
Typha spp. cattail worldwide** grasslike
shoots, root shoots, root WXEVGL��¾S[IV-buds, pollen sun
shallow emergent EUYEXMG�XS�[IX
Wolffia spp. water meal worldwide** microherb greens sun ¾SEXMRK�EUYEXMG
A Global Inventory of Perennial Vegetables 4
COLD TEMPERATE: This is a large and highly populated region covering much the eastern and central United States, as well as much of the warmer parts of Canada. Much of Europe and Asia, as some of temperate South America is in this climate type. This region corresponds with USDA Zones 4–7, and Sunset Zones 2–4, 6, 11, and 32–43.
Latin Name Common Name
Origin Form Edible Parts
Sun & Shade
Moisture Notes
Allium ampeloprasum perennial leek Eurasia herb whole plants sun mesic
Allium cepa aggregatummultiplier onion Eurasia herb bulbs sun mesic
Allium cepa proliferum walking onion Eurasia herb scallions sun mesic
Allium cernuumnodding wild onion Eurasia herb greens sun to part dry to mesic
Allium fistulosum Welsh onion Eurasia herb scallions sun mesic
Allium tricoccum ramps North America herb whole plants part to shade wet to mesic
Allium tuberosum garlic chives Asia herbgreens, ¾S[IVFYHW sun to part dry to mesic
Apios americana groundnut North America vine tubers, beans sun to part wet to mesic
Aralia cordata udo Asia giant herb shoots part shade mesic
Arundinaria gigantea river caneNorth America* bamboo shoots sun to part mesic
Asclepias syriaca, A. speciosa
showy & common milkweed North America herb
shoots, ¾S[IVFYHW��young leaves, pods sun dry to mesic
Asparagus officinalis asparagus Eurasia herb shoots sun mesic
Asphodeline luteayellow asphodel Eurasia herb tubers sun mesic
Beta vulgaris maritima sea beet Eurasia* herb greens sun mesic
Bunias orientalis Turkish rocket Eurasia* herbgreens, broccolis sun to part dry to mesic
Camassia cusicki camasswestern North America herb bulbs sun wet to mesic must be cooked
Camassia leichtlinii camasswestern North America herb bulbs sun wet to mesic must be cooked
Camassia quamash camasswestern North America herb bulbs sun wet to mesic must be cooked
Camassia scillioides camasseastern North America herb bulbs sun wet to mesic must be cooked
Cedrella sinensisfragrant spring tree Asia tree greens sun mesic
A Global Inventory of Perennial Vegetables 5
COLD TEMPERATE continued
Latin Name Common Name
Origin Form Edible Parts
Sun & Shade
Moisture Notes
Centranthus ruber red valerian Eurasia herb greens sun to part dry to mesic
Chenopodium bonus-henricusgood King Henry Eurasia herb
greens, shoots, broccolis sun to part mesic
Cicorium intybus chicory Eurasia* herb greens sun to part mesic
Crambe cordifolia colewort Eurasia herbgreens, broccolis sun dry to mesic
Crambe maritima sea kale Eurasia herb
greens, broccolis, roots sun dry to mesic
Dioscorea japonica jinenjo Asia vine tubers sun mesic must be cooked
Dioscorea opposita Chinese yam Asia* vine tubers sun mesic must be cooked
Diplotaxis muralis, D. tenuifolia sylvetta arugula Mediterranean* shrub, herb greens sun to part dry to mesic
Hablitzia tamnoidesCaucasian spinach Eurasia vine greens, shoots part shade dry to mesic
Helianthus maximilianiMaximilan WYR¾S[IV North America giant herb shoots, seeds sun dry to mesic
Helianthus tuberosus sunchokeeastern North America giant herb tubers sun mesic
Hemerocallis spp. daylily Asia herb¾S[IVFYHW��¾S[IVW sun to part mesic
Laportea canadensis wood nettleeastern North America herb greens part to shade mesic stings, must be cooked
Lemna spp. duckweed worldwide** microherb greens sun ¾SEXMRK�EUYEXMG
Levisticum officinale lovage Eurasia herbgreens, shoots, leafstalks sun to part mesic
Lomatium spp. biscuit root North America herb tubers sun dry to mesic
Lycium chinense leaf goji Asia shrub greens, fruits sun to part mesic spiny
Malva moschatagumbo leaf mallow Eurasia herb greens sun to part mesic
Matteuccia struthiopteris ostrich fernEurasia, North America fern shoots part to shade wet to mesic must be cooked
Morus alba mulberry Asia* tree greens, fruit sun to part dry to mesic must be cooked
Nasturtium officinale watercress Eurasia** giant herb leaves sunIQIVKIRX�¾SEXMRK�EUYEXMG�XS�[IX
A Global Inventory of Perennial Vegetables 6
COLD TEMPERATE continued
Latin Name Common Name
Origin Form Edible Parts
Sun & Shade
Moisture Notes
Nelumbo lutea American lotusNorth America** giant herb tubers, seeds sun
deep emergent EUYEXMG
Nelumbo nucifera Chinese lotus Eurasia** giant herb tubers, seeds sundeep emergent EUYEXMG
Oenanthe javanica water celeryNew Guinea, Asia** herb greens sun to part
IQIVKIRX�¾SEXMRK�EUYEXMG�XS�[IX
Oxyria digynamountain sorrel
Eurasia, North America herb greens sun to part mesic
Perideridia gairdneri yampah North America herb tubers sun wet to mesic
Petasites japonicus fuki Asia* giant herb leafstalks part to shade wet to mesic
Phyllostachys spp.running bamboo Asia* bamboo shoots sun to part mesic
Physalis heterophyllaclammy ground cherry North America herb fruits sun mesic
Physalis longifolialongleaf ground cherry North America herb fruits sun mesic
Physalis pruinosa ground cherry North America herb fruits sun mesic
Phytolacca americana pokeweedNorth America* giant herb
young shoots, cooked in three water changes sun to part mesic
Polygonatum commutatumgiant Solomon’s seal
Eastern North America herb shoots, tubers sun to part mesic
Rheum australeHimalayan rhubarb Eurasia herb leafstalks sun mesic leaves and roots toxic
Rheum palmatum turkey rhubarb Eurasia herb leafstalks sun mesic leaves and roots toxic
Rheum × cultorum rhubarb Eurasia herb leafstalks sun mesic leaves and roots toxic
Rhus typhinastaghorn sumac North America shrub shoots sun mesic
Rumex acetosa French sorrel Eurasia herb greens sun to part mesic
Rumex acetosella sheep sorrel Eurasia herb greens sun to part mesic
Rumex scutatusbuckler-leaf sorrel Eurasia herb greens sun to part mesic
A Global Inventory of Perennial Vegetables 7
COLD TEMPERATE continued
Latin Name Common Name
Origin Form Edible Parts
Sun & Shade
Moisture Notes
Sagittaria latifolia arrowheadNorth America** herb tubers, shoots sun
deep emergent EUYEXMG
Sasa kurilensisrunning bamboo Asia* bamboo shoots sun to part mesic
Scorzonera hispanica scorzonera Eurasia herbleaves, roots, broccolis sun mesic
Semiarundinaria fastuosarunning bamboo Asia* bamboo shoots sun to part mesic
Sium sisarum skirret Asia herb tubers sun to part wet to mesic
Stachys sieboldii
Chinese artichoke, crosnes Asia herb tubers sun wet to mesic
Taraxacum officinale dandelion Eurasia herb greens sun mesic
Tetragonia tetragonioidesNew Zealand spinach Australia herb greens sun dry to mesic
Tilia spp.linden, lime, basswood
Eurasia, North America tree greens sun to shade mesic
Typha spp. cattail worldwide** grasslike
shoots, root shoots, root starch, ¾S[IVFYHW��pollen sun
shallow emergent EUYEXMG�XS�[IX
Urtica dioica stinging nettleEurasia, North America herb greens sun to part mesic stings
Wolffia spp. water meal worldwide** microherb greens sun ¾SEXMRK�EUYEXMG
A Global Inventory of Perennial Vegetables 8
COOL MARITIME: From San Francisco north to Vancouver and the Alaska panhandle is a narrow, highly populated coastal region. This region corresponds with USDA Zones 8–9, and Sunset Zones 5 and 17. Much of Britain is similar, as are some mild southern hemisphere regions including New Zealand.
Latin Name Common Name
Origin Form Edible Parts
Sun & Shade
Moisture Notes
Allium ampeloprasum perennial leek Eurasia herb whole plants sun mesic
Allium cepa aggregatummultiplier onion Eurasia herb bulbs sun mesic
Allium cepa proliferum walking onion Eurasia herb scallions sun mesic
Allium cernuumnodding wild onion Eurasia herb greens sun to part dry to mesic
Allium fistulosum Welsh onion Eurasia herb scallions sun mesic
Allium tuberosum garlic chives Asia herbgreens, ¾S[IVFYHW sun to part dry to mesic
Allium ursinum ramsons Eurasia herb whole plants part to shade wet to mesic
Apios americana groundnut North America vine tubers, beans sun to part wet to mesic
Apium prostratum filiforme wild celery Australia herb stalks sun wet to mesic
Aralia cordata udo Asia giant herb shoots part shade mesic
Asparagus officinalis asparagus Eurasia herb shoots sun mesic
Asphodeline luteayellow asphodel Eurasia herb tubers sun mesic
Atriplex halimus saltbushMediterranean, North Africa shrub greens sun dry to mesic
Berula erecta water parsnipNorth America, Eurasia** herb greens sun wet
Beta vulgaris maritima sea beet Eurasia* herb greens sun mesic
Brassica napus“Western front” Kale Eurasia herb greens sun mesic
Brassica oleracea wild cabbage Eurasia herb greens sun mesic
Brassica oleracea “Colocha” Eurasia herb greens sun mesic
Brassica oleracea alboglabra Gai Lon Eurasia herbgreens, broccolis sun mesic
Brassica oleracea botrytis
“9 Star” perennial broccoli Eurasia herb
greens, broccolis sun mesic
Brassica oleracea ramosa
branching bush kales, “Dorbentons” kale Eurasia shrub greens sun mesic
A Global Inventory of Perennial Vegetables 9
COOL MARITIME continued
Latin Name Common Name
Origin Form Edible Parts
Sun & Shade
Moisture Notes
Bunias orientalis Turkish rocket Eurasia* herbgreens, broccolis sun to part dry to mesic
Camassia cusickii camasswestern North America herb bulbs sun wet to mesic must be cooked
Camassia leichtlinii camasswestern North America herb bulbs sun wet to mesic must be cooked
Camassia quamash camasswestern North America herb bulbs sun wet to mesic must be cooked
Camassia scillioides camasseastern North America herb bulbs sun wet to mesic must be cooked
Canna edulisachira, edible canna Andes giant herb tubers, shoots sun to part wet to mesic
Cedrela sinensisfragrant spring tree Asia tree greens sun mesic
Centranthus ruber red valerian Eurasia herb greens sun to part dry to mesic
Chenopodium bonus-henricusgood King Henry Eurasia herb
greens, shoots, broccolis sun to part mesic
Cicorium intybus chicory Eurasia* herb greens sun to part mesic
Colocasia esculenta taroNew Guinea, Asia herb tubers, greens sun to part wet to mesic must be cooked
Crambe cordifolia colewort Eurasia herbgreens, broccolis sun dry to mesic
Crambe maritima sea kale Eurasia herb
greens, broccolis, roots sun dry to mesic
Cynara cardunculus cardoon Eurasia* herb leafstalks sun dry to mesic
Cynara scolymus globe artichoke Eurasia herb ¾S[IVFYHW sun dry to mesic
Dioscorea opposita Chinese yam Asia* vine tubers sun mesic must be cooked
Diplotaxis muralis, D. tenuifolia sylvetta arugula Mediterranean* shrub, herb greens sun to part dry to mesic
Hablitzia tamnoidesCaucasian spinach Eurasia vine greens, shoots part shade dry to mesic
Helianthus maximilianiMaximilan WYR¾S[IV North America giant herb shoots, seeds sun dry to mesic
Helianthus tuberosus sunchokeeastern North America giant herb tubers sun mesic
A Global Inventory of Perennial Vegetables 10
COOL MARITIME continued
Latin Name Common Name
Origin Form Edible Parts
Sun & Shade
Moisture Notes
Hemerocallis spp. daylily Asia herb¾S[IVFYHW��¾S[IVW sun to part mesic
Laportea canadensis wood nettleeastern North America herb greens part to shade mesic stings, must be cooked
Levisticum officinale lovage Eurasia herbgreens, shoots, leafstalks sun to part mesic
Lomatium spp. biscuit root North America herb tubers sun dry to mesic
Lycium chinenseleaf goji, wolfberry Asia shrub greens, fruits sun to part mesic spiny
Malva moschata
gumbo leaf mallow, muskmallow Eurasia herb greens sun to part mesic
Marsdenia australisbush banana, Austral doubah Australia* vine
pods, tubers, greens sun dry to mesic
Matteuccia struthiopteris ostrich fernEurasia, North America fern shoots part to shade wet to mesic must be cooked
Morus alba mulberry Asia* tree greens, fruit sun to part dry to mesic must be cooked
Nasturtium officinale watercress Eurasia** giant herb leaves sunIQIVKIRX�¾SEXMRK�EUYEXMG�XS�[IX
Nelumbo lutea American lotusNorth America** giant herb tubers, seeds sun
deep emergent EUYEXMG
Nelumbo nucifera Chinese lotus Eurasia** giant herb tubers, seeds sundeep emergent EUYEXMG
Oenanthe javanica water celeryNew Guinea, Asia** herb greens sun to part
IQIVKIRX�¾SEXMRK�EUYEXMG�XS�[IX
Opuntia ficus-indica, O. robusta, O. streptacantha
nopale cactus, tuna Mesoamerica* cactus pads, fruit sun dry to mesic spiny
Oxalis tuberosa oca Andes herb tubers sun mesic
Oxyria digynamountain sorrel
Eurasia, North America herb greens sun to part mesic
Perideridia gairdneri yampah North America herb tubers sun wet to mesic
Petasites japonicus fuki Asia* giant herb leafstalks part to shade wet to mesic
Phaseolus coccineus runner bean Mesoamerica vine beans, pods sun mesic
Phaseolus lunatus lima bean Mesoamerica vine beans sun dry to mesic
A Global Inventory of Perennial Vegetables 11
COOL MARITIME continued
Latin Name Common Name
Origin Form Edible Parts
Sun & Shade
Moisture Notes
Phyllostachys spp.running bamboo Asia* bamboo shoots sun to part mesic
Physalis peruviana goldenberry Andes herb fruits sun mesic
Phytolacca americana pokeweedNorth America* giant herb
young shoots, cooked in three water changes sun to part mesic
Piper auritumroot beer leaf, hoja santa Mesoamerica* shrub
greens, leafstalks sun to part mesic
Polygonatum commutatumgiant Solomon’s seal
eastern North America herb shoots, tubers sun to part mesic
Rheum australeHimalayan rhubarb Eurasia herb leafstalks sun mesic leaves and roots toxic
Rheum palmatum turkey rhubarb Eurasia herb leafstalks sun mesic leaves and roots toxic
Rheum × cultorum rhubarb Eurasia herb leafstalks sun mesic leaves and roots toxic
Rhus typhinastaghorn sumac North America shrub shoots sun mesic
Rumex acetosa French sorrel Eurasia herb greens sun to part mesic
Rumex acetosella sheep sorrel Eurasia herb greens sun to part mesic
Rumex scutatusbuckler-leaf sorrel Eurasia herb greens sun to part mesic
Sagittaria latifolia arrowheadNorth America** herb tubers, shoots sun
deep emergent EUYEXMG
Sagittaria sinensisChinese arrowhead Asia** herb tubers sun
deep emergent EUYEXMG
Sasa kurilensisrunning bamboo Asia* bamboo shoots sun to part mesic
Scorzonera hispanica scorzonera Eurasia herbleaves, roots, broccolis sun mesic
Semiarundinaria fastuosarunning bamboo Asia* bamboo shoots sun to part mesic
Sium sisarum skirret Asia herb tubers sun to part wet to mesic
Smallianthus sonchifolia yacon Andes herb tubers sun mesic
Solanum tuberosum potato Andes herb tubers sun mesic must be cooked
A Global Inventory of Perennial Vegetables 12
COOL MARITIME continued
Latin Name Common Name
Origin Form Edible Parts
Sun & Shade
Moisture Notes
Stachys sieboldiiChinese arti-choke, crosnes Asia herb tubers sun wet to mesic
Taraxacum officinale dandelion Eurasia herb greens sun mesic
Tetragonia tetragonioidesNew Zealand spinach Australia herb greens sun dry to mesic
Tilia spp.linden, lime, basswood
Eurasia, North America tree greens sun to shade mesic
Tropaeolum tuberosum“Ken Aslett” mashua Andes vine tubers, greens sun mesic
Typha spp. cattail worldwide** grasslike
shoots, root shoots, root starch, ¾S[IVFYHW��pollen sun
shallow emergent EUYEXMG�XS�[IX
Urtica dioica stinging nettleEurasia, North America herb greens sun to part mesic stings
Yucca guatemalensis izote Mesoamerica succulent ¾S[IVFYHW sun dry to mesic spiny
A Global Inventory of Perennial Vegetables 13
HOT AND HUMID: This warm band extends from east Texas through the coastal Carolinas. This region corresponds with USDA Zones 8–9 and Sunset Zones 26–28 and 31. This is not a tropical climate, though it features hot humid summers, winter temperatures drop below freezing, sometimes typical subtropical chilling, and sometimes quite a bit colder.
Latin Name Common Name
Origin Form Edible Parts
Sun & Shade
Moisture Notes
Allium ampeloprasum perennial leek Eurasia herb whole plants sun mesic
Allium cepa aggregatummultiplier onion Eurasia herb bulbs sun mesic
Allium cepa proliferum walking onion Eurasia herb scallions sun mesic
Allium cernuumnodding wild onion Eurasia herb greens sun to part dry to mesic
Allium fistulosum Welsh onion Eurasia herb scallions sun mesic
Allium tuberosum garlic chives Asia herbgreens, ¾S[IVFYHW sun to part dry to mesic
Apios americana groundnut North America vine tubers, beans sun to part wet to mesic
Arundinaria gigantea river caneNorth America* bamboo shoots sun to part mesic
Asclepias syriaca, A. speciosa
showy and common milkweed North America herb
shoots, ¾S[IVFYHW��young leaves, pods sun dry to mesic
Asparagus officinalis asparagus Eurasia herb shoots sun mesic
Bunias orientalis Turkish rocket Eurasia* herbgreens, broccolis sun to part dry to mesic
Canna edulisachira, edible canna Andes giant herb tubers, shoots sun to part wet to mesic
Cedrela sinensisfragrant spring tree Asia tree greens sun mesic
Colocasia esculenta taroNew Guinea, Asia herb tubers, greens sun to part wet to mesic must be cooked
Crambe cordifolia colewort Eurasia herbgreens, broccolis sun dry to mesic
Cynara scolymus globe artichoke Eurasia herb ¾S[IVFYHW sun dry to mesic
A Global Inventory of Perennial Vegetables 14
HOT AND HUMID continued
Latin Name Common Name
Origin Form Edible Parts
Sun & Shade
Moisture Notes
Dioscorea bulbifera air potatoAsia, Africa, Australia* vine tubers sun mesic
must be cooked, some forms toxic
Dioscorea opposita Chinese yam Asia* vine tubers sun mesic must be cooked
Diplotaxis muralis, D. tenuifolia sylvetta arugula Mediterranean* shrub, herb greens sun to part dry to mesic
Helianthus tuberosus sunchokeeastern North America giant herb tubers sun mesic
Hemerocallis spp. daylily Asia herb¾S[IVFYHW��¾S[IVW sun to part mesic
Maranta arundinacea arrowroot Amazonia herb tubers sun mesic
Moringa oleiferamoringa, drumstick tree Africa dieback tree
greens, pods, bark, tubers, seeds sun dry to mesic
Moringa stenopetalaAfrican moringa Africa dieback tree greens, pods sun dry to mesic
Morus alba mulberry Asia* tree greens, fruit sun to part dry to mesic must be cooked
Nasturtium officinale watercress Eurasia** giant herb leaves sunIQIVKIRX�¾SEXMRK�EUYEXMG�XS�[IX
Nelumbo lutea American lotusNorth America** giant herb tubers, seeds sun
deep emergent EUYEXMG
Nelumbo nucifera Chinese lotus Eurasia** giant herb tubers, seeds sundeep emergent EUYEXMG
Opuntia ficus-indica, O. robusta, O. streptacantha
nopale cactus, tuna Mesoamerica* cactus pads, fruit sun dry to mesic spiny
Phaseolus lunatus lima bean Mesoamerica vine beans sun dry to mesic
Physalis peruviana goldenberry Andes herb fruits sun mesic
Phytolacca americana pokeweedNorth America* giant herb
young shoots, cooked in three water changes sun to part mesic
A Global Inventory of Perennial Vegetables 15
HOT AND HUMID continued
Latin Name Common Name
Origin Form Edible Parts
Sun & Shade
Moisture Notes
Piper auritumroot beer leaf, hoja santa Mesoamerica* shrub
greens, leafstalks sun to part mesic
Psophocarpus tetragonobolus“Day Neutral” winged bean
New Guinea, Asia vine
beans, tubers, ¾S[IVW��greens, pods sun mesic
Sagittaria latifolia arrowheadNorth America** herb tubers, shoots sun
deep emergent EUYEXMG
Sagittaria sinensisChinese arrowhead Asia** herb tubers sun
deep emergent EUYEXMG
Sechium edule chayote Mesoamerica* vinefruit, greens, tubers sun mesic
Smallianthus sonchifolia yacon Andes herb tubers sun mesic
Typha spp. cattail worldwide** grasslike
shoots, root shoots, root starch, ¾S[IVFYHW��pollen sun
shallow emergent EUYEXMG�XS�[IX
Urtica dioica stinging nettleEurasia, North America herb greens sun to part mesic stings
A G
loba
l Inv
ento
ry o
f Per
enni
al V
eget
able
s16
AR
ID &
HO
T: T
his
regi
on c
over
s th
e lo
w a
nd m
id-e
leva
tion
dese
rts
and
hot d
ryla
nds
of T
exas
, New
Mex
ico, A
rizon
a, a
nd s
outh
wes
tern
Cal
iforn
ia. T
his
regi
on c
orre
spon
ds w
ith U
SDA
Z
ones
8–1
0 an
d Su
nset
Zon
es 1
0, 1
2, 1
3, 2
9, a
nd 3
0. T
hese
are
sub
trop
ical
des
erts
or s
omew
hat c
olde
r. La
rge
area
s of
Aus
tral
ia an
d La
tin A
mer
ica
are
in th
is cli
mat
e ty
pe.
Lat
in N
ame
Com
mon
N
ame
Ori
gin
Form
Edi
ble
P
arts
Sun
&
Sha
deM
oist
ure
Not
es
Acac
ia h
olos
erice
a, A
. mur
ray-
ana,
A v
icto
riae
edib
le
seed
aca
cias
Aus
tral
ia*
tree
dry
bean
ssu
ndr
ysp
iny
Agav
e pa
rrey
i, A.
chr
ysan
tha,
A.
dese
rti,
A. u
tahe
nsis,
A. p
alm
eri
hard
y ag
aves
wes
tern
N
orth
Am
eric
asu
ccul
ent
hear
tssu
ndr
y to
mes
icsp
iny
Agav
e sa
lmia
na, A
. teq
uila
natr
opic
al a
gave
sM
esoa
mer
ica
succ
ulen
the
arts
sun
dry
to m
esic
spin
y
Alliu
m tu
bero
sum
garl
ic c
hive
sA
sia
herb
gree
ns,
¾S[IVFYHW
sun
to p
art
dry
to m
esic
Caja
nus
caja
npi
geon
pea
Asi
ash
rub
bean
s, p
ods
sun
dry
to m
esic
Cerc
idiu
m m
icrop
hyllu
mpa
lo v
erde
wes
tern
N
orth
Am
eric
atr
eebe
ans
sun
dry
Cnid
osco
lus
chay
aman
sach
aya
Mes
oam
eric
adi
ebac
k sh
rub
gree
ns
sun
dry
to m
esic
cyan
ide:
mus
t co
ok
Cnid
osco
lus
palm
eri
bull
nett
leM
esoa
mer
ica
herb
tube
rssu
ndr
y to
mes
icst
ings
Cylin
drop
untia
aca
ntho
carp
ach
olla
wes
tern
N
orth
Am
eric
aca
ctus
¾S[IVFYHW
sun
dry
to m
esic
extr
emel
y sp
iny
Cym
opte
ris s
pp.
gam
ote
wes
tern
N
orth
Am
eric
ahe
rbtu
bers
sun
dry
to m
esic
Mor
inga
ole
ifera
mor
inga
, dr
umst
ick
tree
Afr
ica
dieb
ack
tree
gree
ns, p
ods,
ba
rk, t
uber
s,
seed
ssu
ndr
y to
mes
ic
Mor
inga
ste
nope
tala
Afr
ican
m
orin
gaA
fric
atr
eegr
eens
, pod
ssu
ndr
y to
mes
ic
Mor
us a
lba
mul
berr
yA
sia*
tree
gree
ns, f
ruit
sun
to p
art
dry
to m
esic
mus
t be
coo
ked
Opu
ntia
ficu
s-in
dica
, O. r
obus
ta,
O. s
trep
taca
ntha
nopa
le c
actu
s,
tuna
Mes
oam
eric
a*ca
ctus
pads
, fru
itsu
ndr
y to
mes
icsp
iny
Phas
eolu
s co
ccin
eus
runn
er b
ean
Mes
oam
eric
avi
nebe
ans,
pod
ssu
nm
esic
Phas
eolu
s lu
natu
slim
a be
anM
esoa
mer
ica
vine
bean
ssu
ndr
y to
mes
ic
Phas
eolu
s po
lyant
hus
cach
e be
anM
esoa
mer
ica
vine
bean
ssu
nm
esic
Plec
tran
thus
esc
ulen
tus
Livi
ngst
one
po
tato
Afr
ica
herb
tube
rssu
ndr
y to
mes
ic
Tylo
sem
a es
cule
ntum
mar
ama
bean
Afr
ica
vine
bean
s, t
uber
sun
dry
Yucc
a gu
atem
alen
sisiz
ote
Mes
oam
eric
asu
ccul
ent
¾S[IVFYHW
sun
dry
to m
esic
spin
y
A G
loba
l Inv
ento
ry o
f Per
enni
al V
eget
able
s17
ME
DIT
ER
RA
NE
AN
: Sou
ther
n an
d ce
ntra
l Cal
iforn
ia h
as a
mild
clim
ate
wel
l sui
ted
to p
eren
nial
veg
etab
les.
This
regi
on c
orre
spon
ds w
ith U
SDA
Zon
es 8
–10
and
Suns
et Z
ones
7–
9, 1
4, 1
5, 1
6, a
nd 1
8–25
. Muc
h of
Aus
tral
ia, s
outh
ern
Sout
h A
mer
ica,
sou
tern
Afr
ica,
and
of c
ours
e th
e M
edite
rran
ean
are
simila
r.
Lat
in N
ame
Com
mon
N
ame
Ori
gin
Form
Edi
ble
P
arts
Sun
&
Sha
deM
oist
ure
Not
es
Abel
mos
chus
esc
ulen
tus
pere
nnia
l okr
aA
fric
ash
rub
pods
, see
dssu
ndr
y to
mes
ic
Acac
ia h
olos
erice
a,
A. m
urra
yana
, A v
icto
riae
edib
le
seed
aca
cias
Aus
tral
ia*
tree
dry
bean
ssu
ndr
ysp
iny
Agav
e pa
rrey
i, A.
chr
ysan
tha,
A.
dese
rti,
A. u
tahe
nsis,
A. p
alm
eri
hard
y ag
aves
wes
tern
N
orth
Am
eric
asu
ccul
ent
hear
tssu
ndr
y to
mes
icsp
iny
Agav
e sa
lmia
na, A
. teq
uila
natr
opic
al a
gave
sM
esoa
mer
ica
succ
ulen
the
arts
sun
dry
to m
esic
spin
y
Alliu
m a
mpe
lopr
asum
pere
nnia
l lee
kEu
rasi
ahe
rbw
hole
pla
nts
sun
mes
ic
Alliu
m c
epa
aggr
egat
umm
ulti
plie
r
onio
nEu
rasi
ahe
rbbu
lbs
sun
mes
ic
Alliu
m c
epa
prol
iferu
mw
alki
ng o
nion
Eura
sia
herb
scal
lions
sun
mes
ic
Alliu
m fi
stul
osum
Wel
sh o
nion
Eura
sia
herb
scal
lions
sun
mes
ic
Alliu
m tu
bero
sum
garl
ic c
hive
sA
sia
herb
gree
ns,
¾S[IVFYHW
sun
to p
art
dry
to m
esic
Apiu
m p
rost
ratu
m fi
lifor
me
wild
cel
ery
Aus
tral
iahe
rbst
alks
sun
wet
to
mes
ic
Apon
oget
on d
istac
hios
wat
er
haw
thor
nA
fric
a**
herb
¾S[IVFYHW��
gree
nssu
nIQ
IVKIRX�¾SEXMRK�
EUYEXMG
Aral
ia c
orda
taud
oA
sia
gian
t he
rbsh
oots
part
sha
dem
esic
Aspa
ragu
s of
ficin
alis
aspa
ragu
sEu
rasi
ahe
rbsh
oots
sun
mes
ic
Asph
odel
ine
lute
aye
llow
as
phod
elEu
rasi
ahe
rbtu
bers
sun
mes
ic
Atrip
lex
halim
ussa
ltbu
shM
edit
erra
nean
, N
orth
Afr
ica
shru
bgr
eens
sun
dry
to m
esic
Beru
la e
rect
aw
ater
par
snip
Nor
th A
mer
ica,
Eu
rasi
a**
herb
gree
nssu
nw
et
Beta
vul
garis
mar
itim
ase
a be
etEu
rasi
a*he
rbgr
eens
sun
mes
ic
Bras
sica
napu
s“W
este
rn
Fron
t” k
ale
Eura
sia
herb
gree
nssu
nm
esic
Bras
sica
oler
acea
wild
cab
bage
Eura
sia
herb
gree
nssu
nm
esic
Bras
sica
oler
acea
“Col
ocha
”Eu
rasi
ahe
rbgr
eens
sun
mes
ic
Bras
sica
oler
acea
alb
ogla
bra
Gai
Lon
Eura
sia
herb
gree
ns,
broc
colis
sun
mes
ic
A G
loba
l Inv
ento
ry o
f Per
enni
al V
eget
able
s18
ME
DIT
ER
RA
NE
AN
cont
inue
d
Lat
in N
ame
Com
mon
N
ame
Ori
gin
Form
Edi
ble
P
arts
Sun
&
Sha
deM
oist
ure
Not
es
Bras
sica
oler
acea
bot
rytis
“9 S
tar”
per
en-
nial
bro
ccol
iEu
rasi
ahe
rbgr
eens
, br
occo
lissu
nm
esic
Bras
sica
oler
acea
ram
osa
bran
chin
g bu
sh k
ales
, “D
orbe
nton
s”
kale
Eura
sia
shru
bgr
eens
sun
mes
ic
Buni
as o
rient
alis
Turk
ish
rock
etEu
rasi
a*he
rbgr
eens
, br
occo
lissu
n to
par
tdr
y to
mes
ic
Cam
assia
cus
ickii
cam
ass
wes
tern
N
orth
Am
eric
ahe
rbbu
lbs
sun
wet
to
mes
icm
ust
be c
ooke
d
Cam
assia
leich
tlinn
ii ca
mas
sw
este
rn
Nor
th A
mer
ica
herb
bulb
ssu
nw
et t
o m
esic
mus
t be
coo
ked
Cam
assia
qua
mas
h ca
mas
sw
este
rn
Nor
th A
mer
ica
herb
bulb
ssu
nw
et t
o m
esic
mus
t be
coo
ked
Cann
a ed
ulis
achi
ra,
edib
le c
anna
And
esgi
ant
herb
tube
rs, s
hoot
ssu
n to
par
tw
et t
o m
esic
Caric
a pe
ntag
ona
baba
coA
ndes
tree
frui
tsu
nm
esic
Cedr
ela
sinen
sisfr
agra
nt
spri
ng t
ree
Asi
atr
eegr
eens
sun
mes
ic
Cent
rant
hus
rube
rre
d va
leri
anEu
rasi
ahe
rbgr
eens
sun
to p
art
dry
to m
esic
Chen
opod
ium
bon
us-h
enric
usgo
od K
ing
Hen
ryEu
rasi
ahe
rbgr
eens
, sho
ots,
br
occo
lissu
n to
par
tm
esic
Cico
rium
inty
bus
chic
ory
Eura
sia*
herb
gree
nssu
n to
par
tm
esic
Cnid
osco
lus
chay
aman
sach
aya
Mes
oam
eric
ash
rub
gree
ns
sun
dry
to m
esic
cyan
ide:
mus
t co
ok
Colo
casia
esc
ulen
tata
roN
ew G
uine
a,
Asi
ahe
rbtu
bers
, gre
ens
sun
to p
art
wet
to
mes
icm
ust
be c
ooke
d
Cram
be c
ordi
folia
cole
wor
tEu
rasi
ahe
rbgr
eens
, br
occo
lissu
ndr
y to
mes
ic
Cram
be m
ariti
ma
sea
kale
Eura
sia
herb
gree
ns, r
oots
, br
occo
lissu
ndr
y to
mes
ic
Crot
olar
ia lo
ngiro
stra
tach
ipili
nM
esoa
mer
ica*
shru
bgr
eens
sun
mes
icm
ust
be c
ooke
d
A G
loba
l Inv
ento
ry o
f Per
enni
al V
eget
able
s19
ME
DIT
ER
RA
NE
AN
cont
inue
d
Lat
in N
ame
Com
mon
N
ame
Ori
gin
Form
Edi
ble
P
arts
Sun
&
Sha
deM
oist
ure
Not
es
Cucu
rbita
ficif
olia
½KPIEJ�KSYVH��
chila
cayo
teM
esoa
mer
ica
vine
frui
t, s
eeds
sun
mes
ic
Cylin
drop
untia
aca
ntho
carp
ach
olla
wes
tern
N
orth
Am
eric
aca
ctus
¾S[IVFYHW
sun
dry
to m
esic
extr
emel
y sp
iny
Cyna
ra c
ardu
ncul
usca
rdoo
nEu
rasi
a*he
rble
afst
alks
sun
dry
to m
esic
Cyna
ra s
colym
usgl
obe
arti
chok
eEu
rasi
ahe
rb¾S[IVFYHW
sun
dry
to m
esic
Cype
rus
escu
lent
us v
ar. s
ativu
sch
ufa
Afr
ica,
w
orld
wid
egr
assl
ike
tube
rssu
nw
et t
o m
esic
ster
ile s
trai
n of
gl
obal
wee
d
Dio
scor
ea ja
poni
cajin
enjo
Asi
avi
netu
bers
sun
mes
icm
ust
be c
ooke
d
Dio
scor
ea o
ppos
itaC
hine
se y
amA
sia*
vine
tube
rssu
nm
esic
mus
t be
coo
ked
Dio
scor
ea tr
ifida
cush
cus
h ya
mA
maz
onia
vine
tube
rssu
nm
esic
mus
t be
coo
ked
Dip
lota
xis
mur
alis,
D. t
enui
folia
sylv
etta
aru
gula
Med
iter
rane
an*
shru
b, h
erb
gree
nssu
n to
par
tdr
y to
mes
ic
Dol
ichos
labl
abla
blab
bea
nA
fric
avi
ne
bean
s, p
ods,
¾S[IVW��
gree
ns, t
uber
ssu
ndr
y to
mes
ic
Eleo
char
is du
lcis
wat
er c
hest
nut
Asi
a**
gras
slik
eco
rms
sun
shal
low
em
erge
nt
EUYEXMG�XS�[IX
Ense
te v
entr
icosu
men
set
Afr
ica
gian
t he
rbst
arch
y tr
unk,
tu
ber
sun
mes
ic
Hab
litzi
a ta
mno
ides
Cau
casi
an
spin
ach
Eura
sia
vine
gree
ns, s
hoot
spa
rt s
hade
dry
to m
esic
Hel
iant
hus
max
imilia
niM
axim
ilan
WYR¾S[
IVN
orth
Am
eric
agi
ant
herb
shoo
ts, s
eeds
sun
dry
to m
esic
Hel
iant
hus
tube
rosu
ssu
ncho
keea
ster
n
Nor
th A
mer
ica
gian
t he
rbtu
bers
sun
mes
ic
Hem
eroc
allis
spp
.da
ylily
Asi
ahe
rb¾S[IVFYHW��
¾S[IVW
sun
to p
art
mes
ic
Hib
iscus
ace
tose
llacr
anbe
rry
hi
bisc
usA
fric
ash
rub
gree
nssu
nm
esic
Ipom
oea
bata
tas
swee
t po
tato
, bo
niat
oA
maz
onia
herb
tube
rs, g
reen
ssu
n to
par
tm
esic
Levis
ticum
offi
cinal
elo
vage
Eura
sia
herb
gree
ns, s
hoot
s,
leaf
stal
kssu
n to
par
tm
esic
A G
loba
l Inv
ento
ry o
f Per
enni
al V
eget
able
s20
ME
DIT
ER
RA
NE
AN
cont
inue
d
Lat
in N
ame
Com
mon
N
ame
Ori
gin
Form
Edi
ble
P
arts
Sun
&
Sha
deM
oist
ure
Not
es
Lyciu
m c
hine
nse
leaf
goj
i,
wol
fber
ryA
sia
shru
bgr
eens
, fru
its
sun
to p
art
mes
icsp
iny
Mal
va m
osch
ata
gum
bo le
af
mal
low
, m
usk
mal
low
Eura
sia
herb
gree
nssu
n to
par
tm
esic
Mar
sden
ia a
ustr
alis
bush
ban
ana,
A
ustr
al d
ouba
hA
ustr
alia
*vi
nepo
ds, t
uber
s,
gree
nssu
ndr
y to
mes
ic
Mor
inga
ole
ifera
mor
inga
, dr
umst
ick
tree
Afr
ica
dieb
ack
tree
gree
ns, p
ods,
ba
rk, t
uber
s,
seed
ssu
ndr
y to
mes
ic
Mor
inga
ste
nope
tala
Afr
ican
m
orin
gaA
fric
adi
ebac
k tr
eegr
eens
, pod
ssu
ndr
y to
mes
ic
Mor
us a
lba
mul
berr
yA
sia*
tree
gree
ns, f
ruit
sun
to p
art
dry
to m
esic
mus
t be
coo
ked
Nas
turt
ium
offi
cinal
ew
ater
cres
sEu
rasi
a**
gian
t he
rble
aves
sun
IQIVKIRX�¾SEXMRK�
EUYEXMG�XS�[IX
Nel
umbo
lute
aA
mer
ican
lotu
sN
orth
A
mer
ica*
*gi
ant
herb
tube
rs, s
eeds
sun
deep
em
erge
nt
EUYEXMG
Nel
umbo
nuc
ifera
Chi
nese
lotu
sEu
rasi
a**
gian
t he
rbtu
bers
, see
dssu
nde
ep e
mer
gent
EUYEXMG
Oen
anth
e ja
vani
caw
ater
cel
ery
New
Gui
nea,
A
sia*
*he
rbgr
eens
sun
to p
art
IQIVKIRX�¾SEXMRK�
EUYEXMG�XS�[IX
Opu
ntia
ficu
s-in
dica
, O. r
obus
ta,
O. s
trep
taca
ntha
nopa
le c
actu
s,
tuna
Mes
oam
eric
a*ca
ctus
pads
, fru
itsu
ndr
y to
mes
icsp
iny
Oxa
lis tu
bero
saoc
aA
ndes
herb
tube
rssu
nm
esic
Oxy
ria d
igyn
am
ount
ain
so
rrel
Eura
sia,
N
orth
Am
eric
ahe
rbgr
eens
sun
to p
art
mes
ic
Perid
erid
ia g
aird
neri
yam
pah
Nor
th A
mer
ica
herb
tube
rssu
nw
et t
o m
esic
Peta
sites
japo
nicu
sfu
kiA
sia*
gian
t he
rble
afst
alks
part
to
shad
ew
et t
o m
esic
Phas
eolu
s co
ccin
eus
runn
er b
ean
Mes
oam
eric
avi
nebe
ans,
pod
ssu
nm
esic
Phas
eolu
s lu
natu
slim
a be
anM
esoa
mer
ica
vine
bean
ssu
ndr
y to
mes
ic
Phas
eolu
s po
lyant
hus
cach
e be
anM
esoa
mer
ica
vine
bean
ssu
nm
esic
Phyll
osta
chys
spp
.ru
nnin
g
bam
boo
Asi
a*ba
mbo
osh
oots
sun
to p
art
mes
ic
A G
loba
l Inv
ento
ry o
f Per
enni
al V
eget
able
s21
ME
DIT
ER
RA
NE
AN
cont
inue
d
Lat
in N
ame
Com
mon
N
ame
Ori
gin
Form
Edi
ble
P
arts
Sun
&
Sha
deM
oist
ure
Not
es
Phys
alis
peru
viana
gold
enbe
rry
And
eshe
rbfr
uits
sun
mes
ic
Phys
alis
prui
nosa
grou
nd c
herr
yN
orth
Am
eric
ahe
rbfr
uits
sun
mes
ic
Pipe
r aur
itum
root
bee
r le
af,
hoja
san
taM
esoa
mer
ica*
shru
bgr
eens
, le
afst
alks
sun
to p
art
mes
ic
Plec
tran
thus
esc
ulen
tus
Livi
ngst
one
po
tato
Afr
ica
herb
tube
rssu
ndr
y to
mes
ic
Psop
hoca
rpus
tetr
agon
obol
us“D
ay N
eutr
al”
win
ged
bean
New
Gui
nea,
A
sia
vine
bean
s,
tube
rs,
¾S[IVW��
gree
ns, p
ods
sun
m
esic
Rheu
m a
ustr
ale
Him
alay
an
rhub
arb
Eura
sia
herb
leaf
stal
kssu
nm
esic
leav
es a
nd r
oots
tox
ic
Rheu
m p
alm
atum
turk
ey r
huba
rbEu
rasi
ahe
rble
afst
alks
sun
mes
icle
aves
and
roo
ts t
oxic
Rheu
m ×
cul
toru
mrh
ubar
bEu
rasi
ahe
rble
afst
alks
sun
mes
icle
aves
and
roo
ts t
oxic
Rum
ex a
ceto
saFr
ench
sor
rel
Eura
sia
herb
gree
ns
sun
to p
art
mes
ic
Rum
ex a
ceto
sella
shee
p so
rrel
Eura
sia
herb
gree
nssu
n to
par
tm
esic
Rum
ex s
cuta
tus
buck
ler-
leaf
so
rrel
Eura
sia
herb
gree
nssu
n to
par
tm
esic
Scor
zone
ra h
ispan
icasc
orzo
nera
Eura
sia
herb
leav
es, r
oots
, br
occo
lissu
nm
esic
Sium
sisa
rum
skir
ret
Asi
ahe
rbtu
bers
sun
to p
art
wet
to
mes
ic
Smal
liant
hus
sonc
hifo
liaya
con
And
eshe
rbtu
bers
sun
mes
ic
Sola
num
mur
icatu
mpe
pino
mel
onA
ndes
herb
frui
tssu
nm
esic
Sola
num
tube
rosu
mpo
tato
And
eshe
rbtu
bers
sun
mes
icm
ust
be c
ooke
d
Solo
nost
emon
rotu
ndifo
lius
haus
a po
tato
Afr
ica
herb
tube
rssu
nm
esic
Stac
hys
siebo
ldii
Chi
nese
art
i-ch
oke,
cro
snes
Asi
ahe
rbtu
bers
sun
wet
to
mes
ic
Tara
xacu
m o
fficin
ale
dand
elio
nEu
rasi
ahe
rbgr
eens
sun
mes
ic
Tetr
agon
ia te
trag
onio
ides
New
Zea
land
sp
inac
hA
ustr
alia
herb
gree
nssu
ndr
y to
mes
ic
Tilia
spp
.lin
den,
lim
e,
bass
woo
dEu
rasi
a,
Nor
th A
mer
ica
tree
gree
nssu
n to
sha
dem
esic
A G
loba
l Inv
ento
ry o
f Per
enni
al V
eget
able
s22
ME
DIT
ER
RA
NE
AN
cont
inue
d
Lat
in N
ame
Com
mon
N
ame
Ori
gin
Form
Edi
ble
P
arts
Sun
&
Sha
deM
oist
ure
Not
es
Trop
aeol
um tu
bero
sum
mas
hua
And
esvi
netu
bers
, gre
ens
sun
mes
ic
Typh
a sp
p.ca
ttai
lw
orld
wid
e**
gras
slik
e
shoo
ts, r
oot
shoo
ts, r
oot
WXEVGL��¾S[
IV-
buds
, pol
len
sun
shal
low
em
erge
nt
EUYEXMG�XS�[IX
Ullu
cus
tube
rosu
sul
luco
And
esvi
netu
ber,
gree
nssu
nm
esic
Urt
ica d
ioica
stin
ging
net
tle
Eura
sia,
N
orth
Am
eric
ahe
rbgr
eens
sun
to p
art
mes
icst
ings
Yucc
a gu
atem
alen
sisiz
ote
Mes
oam
eric
asu
ccul
ent
¾S[IVFYHW
sun
dry
to m
esic
spin
y
A G
loba
l Inv
ento
ry o
f Per
enni
al V
eget
able
s23
LOW
LA
ND
HU
MID
/MO
NSO
ON
TR
OP
ICS
: Low
land
Haw
aii a
nd s
outh
Flo
rida
are
prop
er t
ropi
cal c
limat
es, c
ompl
etel
y fr
ee o
f fro
st a
ll ye
ar. T
his
regi
on c
orre
-sp
onds
with
USD
A Z
ones
10–
12 a
nd S
unse
t Zon
e 25
. Thi
s cl
imat
e ty
pe c
ould
cov
er m
onso
on a
nd h
umid
trop
ical
low
land
s th
roug
hout
the
wor
ld.
Lat
in N
ame
Com
mon
N
ame
Ori
gin
Form
Edi
ble
P
arts
Sun
&
Sha
deM
oist
ure
Not
es
Abel
mos
chus
esc
ulen
tus
pere
nnia
l okr
aA
fric
ash
rub
pods
, see
dssu
ndr
y to
mes
ic
Abel
mos
chus
man
ihot
edib
le h
ibis
cus
New
Gui
nea
shru
ble
aves
sun
mes
ic
Adan
soni
a di
gita
taba
obab
Afr
ica
tree
leav
es, f
ruit
, se
eds
sun
dry
to m
esic
Agav
e sa
lmia
na, A
. teq
uila
natr
opic
al a
gave
sM
esoa
mer
ica
succ
ulen
the
arts
sun
dry
to m
esic
spin
y
Alliu
m fi
stul
osum
Wel
sh o
nion
Eura
sia
herb
scal
lions
sun
mes
ic
Alliu
m tu
bero
sum
garl
ic c
hive
sA
sia
herb
gree
ns,
¾S[IVFYHW
sun
to p
art
dry
to m
esic
Aloc
asia
mac
rhor
rhiz
osgi
ant
taro
New
Gui
nea,
A
ustr
alia
, Asi
a,
4EGM½G
gian
t he
rbst
arch
y tr
unk,
le
aves
sun
wet
to
mes
icm
ust
be c
ooke
d
Alte
rnan
ther
a sis
soo
siss
oo s
pina
chA
maz
onia
herb
gree
nspa
rt s
hade
mes
ic
Apon
oget
on d
istac
hyos
wat
er h
aw-
thor
nA
fric
a**
herb
¾S[IVFYHW��
gree
nssu
nIQ
IVKIRX�¾SEXMRK�
EUYEXMG
Apon
oget
on m
adag
asca
rens
isw
ater
yam
Afr
ica*
*he
rbtu
bers
sun
WYFQ
IVKIH�EUYEXMG
Arto
carp
us a
ltilis
brea
dfru
itN
ew G
uine
a,
Asi
atr
eefr
uit,
nut
ssu
nm
esic
Arto
carp
us h
eter
ophy
llus
jakf
ruit
Asi
atr
ee
youn
g fr
uit
as
veg,
frui
t, n
uts,
gr
eens
sun
mes
ic
Bam
busa
spp
.cl
umpi
ng
bam
boo
Asi
aba
mbo
osh
oots
sun
to p
art
mes
ic
Base
lla a
lba
Mal
abar
sp
inac
hA
sia
vine
gree
nssu
nm
esic
Caja
nus
caja
npi
geon
pea
Asi
ash
rub
bean
s, p
ods
sun
dry
to m
esic
Cann
a ed
ulis
achi
ra,
edib
le c
anna
And
esgi
ant
herb
tube
rs, s
hoot
ssu
n to
par
tw
et t
o m
esic
Caric
a pa
paya
papa
yaM
esoa
mer
ica
tree
frui
tsu
nm
esic
Cera
topt
eris
thal
ictr
oide
sw
ater
hor
nfer
nA
sia*
*fe
rngr
eens
sun
to s
hade
WYFQ
IVKIH�EUYEXMG�
to w
et
Cham
aedo
ra te
pejilo
tete
pije
lote
Mes
oam
eric
apa
lm¾S[IVFYHW
part
to
shad
em
esic
Cnid
osco
lus
chay
aman
sach
aya
Mes
oam
eric
ash
rub
gree
ns
sun
dry
to m
esic
cyan
ide:
mus
t co
ok
Cnid
osco
lus
palm
eri
bull
nett
leM
esoa
mer
ica
herb
tube
rssu
ndr
y to
mes
icst
ings
A G
loba
l Inv
ento
ry o
f Per
enni
al V
eget
able
s24
LOW
LA
ND
HU
MID
/MO
NSO
ON
TR
OP
ICS
cont
inue
d
Lat
in N
ame
Com
mon
N
ame
Ori
gin
Form
Edi
ble
P
arts
Sun
&
Sha
deM
oist
ure
Not
es
Cnid
osco
lus
stim
ulos
ussp
urge
net
tle
east
ern
N
orth
Am
eric
ahe
rbtu
bers
sun
dry
to m
esic
stin
gs
Cocc
inia
gra
ndis
ivy
gour
d,
pere
nnia
l cu
cum
ber
Afr
ica,
Asi
a*vi
negr
eens
, fru
itsu
nm
esic
Colo
casia
esc
ulen
tata
roN
ew G
uine
a,
Asi
ahe
rbtu
bers
, gre
ens
sun
to p
art
wet
to
mes
icm
ust
be c
ooke
d
Cylin
drop
untia
aca
ntho
carp
ach
olla
wes
tern
N
orth
Am
eric
aca
ctus
¾S[IVFYHW
sun
dry
to m
esic
extr
emel
y sp
iny
Den
droc
alam
us s
pp.
clum
ping
ba
mbo
oA
sia
bam
boo
shoo
tssu
n to
par
tm
esic
Dio
scor
ea a
lata
whi
te y
amA
sia
vine
tube
rssu
nm
esic
mus
t be
coo
ked
Dio
scor
ea b
ulbi
fera
air
pota
toA
sia,
Afr
ica,
A
ustr
alia
*vi
netu
bers
sun
mes
icm
ust
be c
ooke
d,
som
e fo
rms
toxi
c
Dio
scor
ea e
scul
enta
Asi
atic
less
er
yam
Asi
avi
netu
bers
sun
mes
icm
ust
be c
ooke
d
Dio
scor
ea tr
ifida
cush
cus
h ya
mA
maz
onia
vine
tube
rssu
nm
esic
mus
t be
coo
ked
Dol
ichos
labl
abla
blab
bea
nA
fric
avi
ne
bean
s, p
ods,
¾S[IVW��
gree
ns, t
uber
ssu
ndr
y to
mes
ic
Eleo
char
is du
lcis
wat
er c
hest
nut
Asi
a**
gras
slik
eco
rms
sun
shal
low
em
erge
nt
EUYEXMG�XS�[IX
Eury
ale
fero
xgo
rgon
pla
ntA
sia*
*gi
ant
herb
sun
deep
em
erge
nt
¾SEXMRK�EUYEXMG
Gig
anto
chlo
a sp
p.cl
umpi
ng
bam
boo
Asi
aba
mbo
osh
oots
sun
to p
art
mes
ic
Gne
tum
afri
canu
mEr
u,
%JVMGER�NSMRX½V
Afr
ica
vine
gree
nspa
rt t
o sh
ade
mes
ic
Gne
tum
gne
mon
NSMRX½V
Asi
atr
eegr
eens
, nut
spa
rt t
o sh
ade
mes
ic
Gyn
ura
crep
ioid
esO
kina
wa
sp
inac
hA
sia
herb
gree
nssu
n to
par
tm
esic
Hib
iscus
ace
tose
llacr
anbe
rry
hi
bisc
usA
fric
ash
rub
gree
nssu
nm
esic
Ipom
oea
aqua
tica
wat
er s
pina
chA
sia*
*he
rbgr
eens
sun
IQIVKIRX�¾SEXMRK�
EUYEXMG�XS�[IX
A G
loba
l Inv
ento
ry o
f Per
enni
al V
eget
able
s25
LOW
LA
ND
HU
MID
/MO
NSO
ON
TR
OP
ICS
cont
inue
d
Lat
in N
ame
Com
mon
N
ame
Ori
gin
Form
Edi
ble
P
arts
Sun
&
Sha
deM
oist
ure
Not
es
Ipom
oea
bata
tas
swee
t po
tato
, bo
niat
oA
maz
onia
herb
tube
rs, g
reen
ssu
n to
par
tm
esic
Lem
na s
pp.
duck
wee
dw
orld
wid
e**
mic
rohe
rbgr
eens
sun
¾SEXMRK�EUYEXMG
Leuc
aena
esc
ulen
tagu
aje
Mes
oam
eric
atr
eefr
esh
bean
ssu
ndr
y to
mes
ic
Man
ihot
esc
ulen
taca
ssav
a,
yuca
, man
ioc
Am
azon
iash
rub
sun
dry
to m
esic
WSQI�JSVQ
W�VIUYMVI�
pr
oces
sing
to
re
mov
e cy
anid
e
Mar
anta
aru
ndin
acea
arro
wro
otA
maz
onia
herb
tube
rssu
nm
esic
Mom
ordi
ca c
hara
ntia
bitt
er g
ourd
Asi
avi
nefr
uit
sun
mes
ic
Mor
inga
ole
ifera
mor
inga
, dr
umst
ick
tree
Afr
ica
tree
gree
ns, p
ods,
ba
rk, t
uber
s,
seed
ssu
ndr
y to
mes
ic
Mor
inga
ste
nope
tala
Afr
ican
m
orin
gaA
fric
atr
eegr
eens
, pod
ssu
ndr
y to
mes
ic
Mor
us a
lba
mul
berr
yA
sia*
tree
gree
ns, f
ruit
sun
to p
art
dry
to m
esic
mus
t be
coo
ked
Mus
a ×
par
adisi
caba
nana
, pl
anta
inN
ew G
uine
a,
Asi
agi
ant
herb
frui
ts,
¾S[IVFYH
sun
wet
to
mes
ic
Nas
turt
ium
offi
cinal
ew
ater
cres
sEu
rasi
a**
gian
t he
rble
aves
sun
IQIVKIRX�¾SEXMRK�
EUYEXMG�XS�[IX
Nas
tus
elat
uscl
umpi
ng
bam
boo
Asi
aba
mbo
osh
oots
sun
to p
art
mes
ic
Nel
umbo
nuc
ifera
Chi
nese
lotu
sEu
rasi
a**
gian
t he
rbtu
bers
, see
dssu
nde
ep e
mer
gent
EUYEXMG
Opu
ntia
ficu
s-in
dica
, O. r
obus
ta,
O. s
trep
taca
ntha
nopa
le c
actu
s,
tuna
Mes
oam
eric
a*ca
ctus
pads
, fru
itsu
ndr
y to
mes
icsp
iny
Phas
eolu
s lu
natu
slim
a be
anM
esoa
mer
ica
vine
bean
ssu
ndr
y to
mes
ic
Pipe
r aur
itum
root
bee
r le
af,
hoja
san
taM
esoa
mer
ica*
shru
bgr
eens
, le
afst
alks
sun
to p
art
mes
ic
Plec
tran
thus
esc
ulen
tus
Livi
ngst
one
po
tato
Afr
ica
herb
tube
rssu
ndr
y to
mes
ic
Psop
hoca
rpus
tetr
agon
obol
us“D
ay N
eutr
al”
win
ged
bean
New
Gui
nea,
A
sia
vine
bean
s,
XYFIVW��¾S[
-er
s, g
reen
s,
pods
sun
m
esic
A G
loba
l Inv
ento
ry o
f Per
enni
al V
eget
able
s26
LOW
LA
ND
HU
MID
/MO
NSO
ON
TR
OP
ICS
cont
inue
d
Lat
in N
ame
Com
mon
N
ame
Ori
gin
Form
Edi
ble
P
arts
Sun
&
Sha
deM
oist
ure
Not
es
Sagi
ttaria
sin
ensis
Chi
nese
ar
row
head
Asi
a**
herb
tube
rs
sun
deep
em
erge
nt
EUYEXMG
Saur
opus
and
rogy
nous
katu
kA
sia
shru
bgr
eens
part
to
shad
em
esic
Sech
ium
edu
lech
ayot
eM
esoa
mer
ica*
vine
frui
t, g
reen
s,
tube
rssu
nm
esic
Sesb
ania
gra
ndifl
ora
hum
min
gbir
d tr
eeA
sia
*tr
ee¾S[IVW
sun
dry
to m
esic
Seta
ria p
alm
ifolia
high
land
s pi
tpit
New
Gui
nea
gras
s sh
oots
sun
mes
ic
Sola
num
mel
onge
naeg
gpla
ntA
sia,
Afr
ica
shru
bfr
uits
su
nm
esic
Solo
nost
emon
rotu
ndifo
lius
haus
a po
tato
Afr
ica
herb
tube
rssu
nm
esic
mus
t be
coo
ked
Sphe
nost
ylis
sten
ocar
paA
fric
an
yam
bean
Afr
ica
vine
tube
rs, b
eans
, po
dssu
ndr
y to
mes
ic
Telfa
iria
occid
enta
lis¾YXIH�KSYVH
Afr
ica*
vine
gree
ns, n
uts
sun
mes
ic
Trich
ostig
ma
octa
ndru
mH
aiti
an
bask
et v
ine
Mes
oam
eric
a,
Am
azon
ia,
Flor
ida,
C
arib
bean
shru
b, v
ine
gree
nssu
n to
sha
dem
esic
Trig
loch
in s
pp.
Aus
tral
ian
ar
row
gras
sA
ustr
alia
**gr
assl
ike
tube
rssu
nsh
allo
w e
mer
gent
EUYEXMG
Wol
ffia
spp.
wat
er m
eal
wor
ldw
ide*
*m
icro
herb
gree
nssu
n¾SEXMRK�EUYEXMG
Xan
thos
oma
bras
iliens
ebe
lem
be,
taio
baA
maz
onia
herb
gree
nssu
n to
par
tw
et t
o m
esic
Xan
thos
oma
sagg
itifo
lium
coco
yam
Am
azon
iahe
rbtu
bers
sun
wet
to
mes
icm
ust
be c
ooke
d
Xan
thos
oma
viola
ceum
viol
et-s
tem
ta
roA
maz
onia
herb
gree
nssu
nw
et t
o m
esic
mus
t be
coo
ked
Yucc
a gu
atem
alen
sisiz
ote
Mes
oam
eric
asu
ccul
ent
¾S[IVFYHW
sun
dry
to m
esic
mus
t be
coo
ked
A G
loba
l Inv
ento
ry o
f Per
enni
al V
eget
able
s27
LOW
LA
ND
AR
ID T
RO
PIC
S: P
rope
r lo
wla
nd a
rid t
ropi
cs a
re a
bsen
t fr
om t
he U
nite
d St
ates
and
Can
ada
but
an im
port
ant
clim
ate
type
wor
ldw
ide
in A
sia, A
fric
a, L
atin
A
mer
ica,
and
par
ts o
f Aus
tral
ia.
Lat
in N
ame
Com
mon
N
ame
Ori
gin
Form
Edi
ble
P
arts
Sun
&
Sha
deM
oist
ure
Not
es
Abel
mos
chus
esc
ulen
tus
pere
nnia
l okr
aA
fric
ash
rub
pods
, see
dssu
ndr
y to
mes
ic
Acac
ia h
olos
erice
a,
A. m
urra
yana
, A v
icto
riae
edib
le s
eed
acac
ias
Aus
tral
ia*
tree
dry
bean
ssu
ndr
ysp
iny
Adan
soni
a di
gita
taba
obab
Afr
ica
tree
leav
es, f
ruit
, se
eds
sun
dry
to m
esic
Agav
e sa
lmia
na, A
. teq
uila
natr
opic
al a
gave
sM
esoa
mer
ica
succ
ulen
the
arts
sun
dry
to m
esic
spin
y
Alliu
m tu
bero
sum
garl
ic c
hive
sA
sia
herb
gree
ns,
¾S[IVFYHW
sun
to p
art
dry
to m
esic
Caja
nus
caja
npi
geon
pea
Asi
ash
rub
bean
s, p
ods
sun
dry
to m
esic
Cerc
idiu
m m
icrop
hyllu
mpa
lo v
erde
wes
tern
N
orth
Am
eric
atr
eebe
ans
sun
dry
Cnid
osco
lus
chay
aman
sach
aya
Mes
oam
eric
ash
rub
gree
ns
sun
dry
to m
esic
cyan
ide:
mus
t co
ok
Cnid
osco
lus
palm
eri
bull
nett
leM
esoa
mer
ica
herb
tube
rssu
ndr
y to
mes
icst
ings
Cnid
osco
lus
stim
ulos
ussp
urge
net
tle
east
ern
N
orth
Am
eric
ahe
rbtu
bers
sun
dry
to m
esic
stin
gs
Cylin
drop
untia
aca
ntho
carp
ach
olla
wes
tern
N
orth
Am
eric
aca
ctus
¾S[IVFYHW
sun
dry
to m
esic
extr
emel
y sp
iny
Dol
ichos
labl
abla
blab
bea
nA
fric
avi
ne
bean
s, p
ods,
¾S[IVW��
gree
ns, t
uber
ssu
ndr
y to
mes
ic
Leuc
aena
esc
ulen
tagu
aje
Mes
oam
eric
atr
eefr
esh
bean
ssu
ndr
y to
mes
ic
Man
ihot
esc
ulen
taca
ssav
a, y
uca,
m
anio
cA
maz
onia
shru
bsu
ndr
y to
mes
ic
WSQI�JSVQ
W�VIUYMVI�
pr
oces
sing
to
re
mov
e cy
anid
e
Mor
inga
ole
ifera
mor
inga
, dr
umst
ick
tree
Afr
ica
tree
gree
ns, p
ods,
ba
rk, t
uber
s,
seed
ssu
ndr
y to
mes
ic
Mor
inga
ste
nope
tala
Afr
ican
m
orin
gaA
fric
atr
eegr
eens
, pod
ssu
ndr
y to
mes
ic
Mor
us a
lba
mul
berr
yA
sia*
tree
gree
ns, f
ruit
sun
to p
art
dry
to m
esic
mus
t be
coo
ked
Opu
ntia
ficu
s-in
dica
, O. r
obus
ta,
O. s
trep
taca
ntha
nopa
le c
actu
s,
tuna
Mes
oam
eric
a*ca
ctus
pads
, fru
itsu
ndr
y to
mes
icsp
iny
A G
loba
l Inv
ento
ry o
f Per
enni
al V
eget
able
s28
LOW
LA
ND
AR
ID T
RO
PIC
S co
ntin
ued
Lat
in N
ame
Com
mon
N
ame
Ori
gin
Form
Edi
ble
P
arts
Sun
&
Sha
deM
oist
ure
Not
es
Phas
eolu
s lu
natu
slim
a be
anM
esoa
mer
ica
vine
bean
ssu
ndr
y to
mes
ic
Plec
tran
thus
esc
ulen
tus
Livi
ngst
one
po
tato
Afr
ica
herb
tube
rssu
ndr
y to
mes
ic
Sesb
ania
gra
ndifl
ora
hum
min
gbir
d tr
eeA
sia
*tr
ee¾S[IVW
sun
dry
to m
esic
Sphe
nost
ylis
sten
ocar
paA
fric
an
yam
bean
Afr
ica
vine
tube
rs, b
eans
, po
dssu
ndr
y to
mes
ic
Tylo
sem
a es
cule
ntum
mar
ama
bean
Afr
ica
vine
bean
s, t
uber
sun
dry
Yucc
a gu
atem
alen
sisiz
ote
Mes
oam
eric
asu
ccul
ent
¾S[IVFYHW
sun
dry
to m
esic
spin
y
A G
loba
l Inv
ento
ry o
f Per
enni
al V
eget
able
s29
HIG
HL
AN
D H
UM
ID/M
ON
SOO
N T
RO
PIC
S: W
ithin
the
Uni
ted
Stat
es a
nd C
anad
a, t
his
regi
on o
ccur
s on
ly in
Haw
aii a
lthou
gh w
orld
wid
e it
is an
impo
rtan
t cl
imat
e ty
pe. M
y de
finiti
on is
any
thin
g ov
er 1
,500
met
ers
elev
atio
n, in
clud
ing
Afr
ican
, Lat
in A
mer
ican
, New
Gui
nean
, and
Asia
n hi
ghla
nds
with
suf
ficie
nt m
oist
ure.
Lat
in N
ame
Com
mon
N
ame
Ori
gin
Form
Edi
ble
P
arts
Sun
&
Sha
deM
oist
ure
Not
es
Alliu
m fi
stul
osum
Wel
sh o
nion
Eura
sia
herb
scal
lions
sun
mes
ic
Alliu
m tu
bero
sum
garl
ic c
hive
sA
sia
herb
gree
ns,
¾S[IVFYHW
sun
to p
art
dry
to m
esic
Aloc
asia
mac
rhor
rhiz
osgi
ant
taro
New
Gui
nea,
A
ustr
alia
, Asi
a,
4EGM½G
gian
t he
rbst
arch
y tr
unk,
le
aves
sun
wet
to
mes
icm
ust
be c
ooke
d
Arra
cacia
xan
thor
hiza
arra
cach
aA
ndes
herb
tube
rssu
nm
esic
Bam
busa
spp
.cl
umpi
ng
bam
boo
Asi
aba
mbo
osh
oots
sun
to p
art
mes
ic
Bras
sica
oler
acea
“Col
ocha
”Eu
rasi
ahe
rbgr
eens
sun
mes
ic
Bras
sica
oler
acea
ace
phal
a“T
ree
Col
lard
s”Eu
rasi
ash
rub
gree
nssu
nm
esic
Caja
nus
caja
npi
geon
pea
Asi
ash
rub
bean
s, p
ods
sun
dry
to m
esic
Cann
a ed
ulis
achi
ra,
edib
le c
anna
And
esgi
ant
herb
tube
rs, s
hoot
ssu
n to
par
tw
et t
o m
esic
Caric
a pe
ntal
oba
baba
coA
ndes
tree
frui
tsu
nm
esic
Cham
aedo
ra te
pije
lote
tepi
jelo
teM
esoa
mer
ica
palm
¾S[IVFYHW
part
to
shad
em
esic
Cnid
osco
lus
chay
aman
sach
aya
Mes
oam
eric
ash
rub
gree
ns
sun
dry
to m
esic
cyan
ide:
mus
t co
ok
Cocc
inia
gra
ndis
ivy
gour
d,
pere
nnia
l cu
cum
ber
Afr
ica,
Asi
a*vi
negr
eens
, fru
itsu
nm
esic
Colo
casia
esc
ulen
tata
roN
ew G
uine
a,
Asi
ahe
rbtu
bers
, gre
ens
sun
to p
art
wet
to
mes
icm
ust
be c
ooke
d
Crot
olar
ia lo
ngiro
stra
tach
ipili
nM
esoa
mer
ica*
shru
bgr
eens
sun
mes
icm
ust
be c
ooke
d
Cucu
rbita
ficif
olia
½KPIEJ�KSYVH��
chila
cayo
teM
esoa
mer
ica
vine
frui
t, s
eeds
sun
mes
ic
Cylin
drop
untia
aca
ntho
carp
ach
olla
wes
tern
N
orth
Am
eric
aca
ctus
¾S[IVFYHW
sun
dry
to m
esic
extr
emel
y sp
iny
Dio
scor
ea a
lata
whi
te y
amA
sia
vine
tube
rssu
nm
esic
mus
t be
coo
ked
Dio
scor
ea b
ulbi
fera
air
pota
toA
sia,
Afr
ica,
A
ustr
alia
*vi
netu
bers
sun
mes
icm
ust
be c
ooke
d,
som
e fo
rms
toxi
c
Dol
ichos
labl
abla
blab
bea
nA
fric
avi
ne
bean
s, p
ods,
¾S[IVW��
gree
ns, t
uber
ssu
ndr
y to
mes
ic
A G
loba
l Inv
ento
ry o
f Per
enni
al V
eget
able
s30
HIG
HL
AN
D H
UM
ID/M
ON
SOO
N T
RO
PIC
S co
ntin
ued
Lat
in N
ame
Com
mon
N
ame
Ori
gin
Form
Edi
ble
P
arts
Sun
&
Sha
deM
oist
ure
Not
es
Eleo
char
is du
lcis
wat
er c
hest
nut
Asi
a**
gras
slik
eco
rms
sun
shal
low
em
erge
nt
EUYEXMG�XS�[IX
Ense
te v
entr
icosu
men
set
Afr
ica
gian
t he
rbst
arch
y tr
unk,
tu
ber
sun
mes
ic
Eryt
hrin
a ed
ulis
chac
hafr
uto
And
estr
eebe
ans
sun
mes
icm
ust
be c
ooke
d
Hel
iant
hus
tube
rosu
ssu
ncho
keEa
ster
n N
orth
A
mer
ica
gian
t he
rbtu
bers
sun
mes
ic
Hib
iscus
ace
tose
llacr
anbe
rry
hi
bisc
usA
fric
ash
rub
gree
nssu
nm
esic
Ipom
oea
bata
tas
swee
t po
tato
, bo
niat
oA
maz
onia
herb
tube
rs, g
reen
ssu
n to
par
tm
esic
Lyciu
m c
hine
nse
leaf
goj
i w
olfb
erry
Asi
ash
rub
gree
ns, f
ruit
ssu
n to
par
tm
esic
spin
y
Man
ihot
esc
ulen
taca
ssav
a, y
uca,
m
anio
cA
maz
onia
shru
bsu
ndr
y to
mes
ic
WSQI�JSVQ
W�VIUYMVI�
pr
oces
sing
to
re
mov
e cy
anid
e
Mar
anta
aru
ndin
acea
arro
wro
otA
maz
onia
herb
tube
rssu
nm
esic
Mor
inga
ste
nope
tala
Afr
ican
m
orin
gaA
fric
atr
eegr
eens
, pod
ssu
ndr
y to
mes
ic
Mor
us a
lba
mul
berr
yA
sia*
tree
gree
ns, f
ruit
sun
to p
art
dry
to m
esic
mus
t be
coo
ked
Mus
a ×
par
adisi
caba
nana
, pl
anta
inN
ew G
uine
a,
Asi
agi
ant
herb
frui
ts,
¾S[IVFYH
sun
wet
to
mes
ic
Nas
turt
ium
offi
cinal
ew
ater
cres
sEu
rasi
a**
gian
t he
rble
aves
sun
IQIVKIRX�¾SEXMRK�
EUYEXMG�XS�[IX
Nel
umbo
nuc
ifera
Chi
nese
lotu
sEu
rasi
a**
gian
t he
rbtu
bers
, see
dssu
nde
ep e
mer
gent
EUYEXMG
Oen
anth
e ja
vani
caw
ater
cel
ery
New
Gui
nea,
A
sia*
*he
rbgr
eens
sun
to p
art
IQIVKIRX�¾SEXMRK�
EUYEXMG�XS�[IX
Opu
ntia
ficu
s-in
dica
, O. r
obus
ta,
O. s
trep
taca
ntha
nopa
le c
actu
s,
tuna
Mes
oam
eric
a*ca
ctus
pads
, fru
itsu
ndr
y to
mes
icsp
iny
Oxa
lis tu
bero
saoc
aA
ndes
herb
tube
rssu
nm
esic
Phas
eolu
s co
ccin
eus
runn
er b
ean
Mes
oam
eric
avi
nebe
ans,
pod
ssu
nm
esic
A G
loba
l Inv
ento
ry o
f Per
enni
al V
eget
able
s31
HIG
HL
AN
D H
UM
ID/M
ON
SOO
N T
RO
PIC
S co
ntin
ued
Lat
in N
ame
Com
mon
N
ame
Ori
gin
Form
Edi
ble
P
arts
Sun
&
Sha
deM
oist
ure
Not
es
Phas
eolu
s lu
natu
slim
a be
anM
esoa
mer
ica
vine
bean
ssu
ndr
y to
mes
ic
Phys
alis
peru
viana
gold
enbe
rry
And
eshe
rbfr
uits
sun
mes
ic
Pipe
r aur
itum
root
bee
r le
af,
hoja
san
taM
esoa
mer
ica*
shru
bgr
eens
, le
afst
alks
sun
to p
art
mes
ic
Psop
hoca
rpus
tetr
agon
obol
us“D
ay N
eutr
al”
win
ged
bean
New
Gui
nea,
A
sia
vine
bean
s,
tube
rs,
¾S[IVW��
gree
ns, p
ods
sun
m
esic
Rung
ia k
loss
iiru
ngia
New
Gui
nea
herb
gree
nssu
nm
esic
Sech
ium
edu
lech
ayot
eM
esoa
mer
ica*
vine
frui
t, g
reen
s,
tube
rssu
nm
esic
Smal
liant
hus
sonc
hifo
liaya
con
And
eshe
rbtu
bers
sun
mes
ic
Sola
num
mel
onge
naeg
gpla
ntA
sia,
Afr
ica
shru
bfr
uits
su
nm
esic
mus
t be
coo
ked
Sola
num
tube
rosu
mpo
tato
And
eshe
rbtu
bers
sun
mes
icm
ust
be c
ooke
d
Sphe
nost
ylis
sten
ocar
paA
fric
an
yam
bean
Afr
ica
vine
tube
rs, b
eans
, po
dssu
ndr
y to
mes
ic
Telfa
iria
occid
enta
lis¾YXIH�KSYVH
Afr
ica*
vine
gree
ns, n
uts
sun
mes
ic
Trop
aeol
um tu
bero
sum
“Ken
Asl
ett”
m
ashu
aA
ndes
vine
tube
rs, g
reen
ssu
nm
esic
Ullu
cus
tube
rosu
sul
luco
And
esvi
netu
ber,
gree
nssu
nm
esic
Xan
thos
oma
sagg
itifo
lium
coco
yam
Am
azon
iahe
rbtu
bers
sun
wet
to
mes
icm
ust
be c
ooke
d
Yucc
a gu
atem
alen
sisiz
ote
Mes
oam
eric
asu
ccul
ent
¾S[IVFYHW
sun
dry
to m
esic
spin
y
A G
loba
l Inv
ento
ry o
f Per
enni
al V
eget
able
s32
HIG
HL
AN
D A
RID
TR
OP
ICS
: Arid
hig
hlan
d ov
er 1
,500
met
ers
elev
atio
n, fr
om E
thio
pia
to th
e M
exic
an a
ltipl
ano
and
beyo
nd.
Lat
in N
ame
Com
mon
N
ame
Ori
gin
Form
Edi
ble
P
arts
Sun
&
Sha
deM
oist
ure
Not
es
Alliu
m tu
bero
sum
garl
ic c
hive
sA
sia
herb
gree
ns,
¾S[IVFYHW
sun
to p
art
dry
to m
esic
Caja
nus
caja
npi
geon
pea
Asi
ash
rub
bean
s, p
ods
sun
dry
to m
esic
Cnid
osco
lus
chay
aman
sach
aya
Mes
oam
eric
ash
rub
gree
ns
sun
dry
to m
esic
cyan
ide:
mus
t co
ok
Cylin
drop
untia
aca
ntho
carp
ach
olla
wes
tern
N
orth
Am
eric
aca
ctus
¾S[IVFYHW
sun
dry
to m
esic
extr
emel
y sp
iny
Dol
ichos
labl
abla
blab
bea
nA
fric
avi
ne
bean
s, p
ods,
¾S[IVW��
gree
ns, t
uber
ssu
ndr
y to
mes
ic
Man
ihot
esc
ulen
taca
ssav
a, y
uca,
m
anio
cA
maz
onia
shru
bsu
ndr
y to
mes
ic
WSQI�JSVQ
W�VIUYMVI�
pr
oces
sing
to
re
mov
e cy
anid
e
Mor
inga
ste
nope
tala
Afr
ican
mor
-in
gaA
fric
atr
eegr
eens
, pod
ssu
ndr
y to
mes
ic
Mor
us a
lba
mul
berr
yA
sia*
tree
gree
ns, f
ruit
sun
to p
art
dry
to m
esic
mus
t be
coo
ked
Opu
ntia
ficu
s-in
dica
, O. r
obus
ta,
O. s
trep
taca
ntha
nopa
le c
actu
s,
tuna
Mes
oam
eric
a*ca
ctus
pads
, fru
itsu
ndr
y to
mes
icsp
iny
Phas
eolu
s lu
natu
slim
a be
anM
esoa
mer
ica
vine
bean
ssu
ndr
y to
mes
ic
Sphe
nost
ylis
sten
ocar
paA
fric
an
yam
bean
Afr
ica
vine
tube
rs, b
eans
, po
dssu
ndr
y to
mes
ic
Yucc
a gu
atem
alen
sisiz
ote
Mes
oam
eric
asu
ccul
ent
¾S[IVFYHW
sun
dry
to m
esic
spin
y