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A look at our nearest
neighbor in Space!
The Moon
Free powerpoints at http://www.worldofteaching.com
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What is the Moon?
• A natural satellite
• The only satellite of the planet
Earth
• about ¼ the size of Earth
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Location, location, location!
• About 384,000 km
(240,000 miles)
from Earth
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Birth of the Moon
• “Born” 4-5 billion years ago
• Formed most likely from impact of Mars-sized object on Earth
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Movements of the Moon
• Revolution – Moon orbits
the Earth every 27-1/3
days
• The moon rises in the east
and sets in the west
• The moon rises and sets
50 minutes later each day
• Rotation – Moon turns on
its axis every 27-1/3 days
• Same side of Moon
always faces Earth
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Apogee – when the moon is farthest from Earth
Perigee – when moon is closest to Earth
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It’s Just a Phase
• Moonlight is reflected
sunlight
• Half the moon’s surface is
always reflecting light
• From Earth we see
different amounts of the
Moon’s lit surface
• The amount seen is called
a “phase”
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FULL
QUARTER
CRESCENT
GIBBOUS
FOUR MAIN SHAPES
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Waxing and Waning
• New moon
• Waxing Crescent moon
• First Quarter moon
• Waxing Gibbous moon
• Full moon
• Waning Gibbous moon
• Third Quarter moon
• Waning Crescent moon
• New moon
earth
moon orbit̀ s
earth
last (third)quarter
gibbous moon
full moon
gibbous moon
first quarter
crescent
new moon
crescent
waning Moon
waxing Moon
SUN
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Umbra – Total shadow
cast by an object.
Penumbra – partial
shadow cast by an
object.
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Lunar Eclipses
• Moon moves into
Earth’s umbra – this
shadow darkens the
Moon completely
• Can only occur at full
moon phase.
About 2-3 per year
• Last up to 4 hours but
total eclipse only lasts
minutes.
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Solar Eclipses
• Tip of Moon’s umbra falls on Earth creating shadow on part of the earth.
• Can only occur at new moon phase.
Total eclipses from one location are rare – only once every 360 years! But they happen all the time!
Solar Eclipses.m4v
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Earth
Moon
Moon Plane of earth’s orbit
Plane of lunar orbit
Why don’t we see eclipses all the time?
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Tides The daily rise and fall of the ocean surface due to
the gravitational pull of the moon and sun.
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Gravity of the Moon
• Gravity is stronger when objects are closer together.
• The moon pulls the water on the side of Earth nearest to it more than it pulls the Earth itself. This causes a bulge in the ocean on the side of Earth nearest the moon. This bulge is called the direct high tide.
• Indirect high tide is the bulge in the ocean on the side of Earth that is opposite the moon caused by Earth being pulled away from the water.
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High Tide
When the tide reaches its highest point on the shore.
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Low Tide When the tide reaches its lowest point on the shore. Low tides occur when water is
pulled away from the areas that lie between the two high tides.
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When does High Tide occur?
The moon rises 50 minutes later each day (lunar month is 27 1/3 days)
and so do the tides.
Direct and indirect high tide create 2 high tides and 2 low tides every 24
hrs. 50 min.
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Tidal Range The vertical difference between the water level at
high and low tide.
Ex. Bay of Fundy
High tide = 61ft
Low tide = 7 ft 6 in
Tidal range = ?
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Gravity of the Sun
The sun is farther away from Earth so the pull is not as strong as the moon’s.
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Spring Tides - when Earth, sun and moon line up together.
High tides will be higher and low tides lower. Happens 2 times per lunar month.
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Neap Tides - when sun, Earth and moon are at
a right angle.
High tides are lower and low tides are higher.
Happens 2 times per lunar month.
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Name this phase!
Full Moon
What time does this phase rise and set?
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Name this phase!
First Quarter
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Name this phase!
Waxing Crescent
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Name this phase!
Waning
Gibbous
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Name this
phase!
Third Quarter
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From what direction does
the moon rise?
The East
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Name this phase!
Waxing Gibbous
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Name this phase!
Waning Crescent
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What might be happening in this image?
Lunar Eclipse
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Name this phase!
Look closely!
Waxing Gibbous
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Name this phase!
Full Moon
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Name this phase!
New Moon
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Does the moon rise or set in the west?
It sets in the west.
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Name this phase!
Waning Gibbous
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Name this
phase!
Waning Crescent
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Name this phase!
Waning Gibbous
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