Download - “A New Industrial Age”
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“A NEW INDUSTRIAL
AGE”Chapter 12
A New Industrial
Age
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I.) WHY SPREAD TO AMERICA?
A. Industrial boom due to several factors:1. abundant natural resources2. govt. supported business3. urban population = cheap labor4. rise in population = market for new products
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II.) NEW INNOVATIONSInventor Invention DateJames Watt Reliable/Modern Steam Engine 1775Eli Whitney Cotton Gin 1793Robert Fulton Steamboat 1807Samuel Morse Telegraph 1836Elias HoweIssac Singer
Sewing MachineImproves/Markets Sewing Machine
18441851
Henry Bessemer Process for Mass Production of Steel
1855
Alexander Graham Bell
Telephone 1876
Thomas Alva Edison Phonograph & Light Bulb 1877/1879And the most important………
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III.) THE RAILROADSA. Govt. makes huge land grants & federal loans to railroad companies
Outcome: 1. opened new markets for economy2. growth of new towns & cities3. widespread abuse of power by railroads
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WHO BUILT THE RAILROADS?
Chinese Workers African-American Workers
Irish WorkersCivil War Vet Workers
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B. Transcontinental Railroad: Union Pacific & Central Pacific connect east to west on May 10, 1869
Promontory Point, UtahMay 10, 1869
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B. Time Zones: Earths surface divided into 24 time zones to help all railroads share common time 1. United States divided into 4 time zone
-Eastern, Central, Mountain, & Pacific
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IV.) RAILROAD ABUSES & REFORMSA. Abuses by the Railroad:
-misuse of govt. land grants-price controls-shipping charges
E. Credit Mobilier: a1864 corruption scheme which Union Pacific stockholders formed a construction company to skim off railroad profits for themselves
Outcome: - Union Pacific officials pocket 23 million
- Kickbacks to govt. officials - Republican Party tarnished
Then…..
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B. Granger Laws: laws protecting the farmers
& regulating the railroadsExample: set maximum rate for
shipping goods!!Outcome: Munn v. Illinois(1877)
(upheld the state’s right to regulate the railroads)
C. Interstate Commerce Act: govt. has the right to
supervise railroad activities
- created a 5 member commission to oversee
(ICC)