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A New System for Publishing and
Archiving Volcano Hazard Information
Statements using the Common Alerting Protocol (CAP)
Dina Y. Venezky and Seth Snedigar
USGS VHT and AVO ADGGS
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The Volcano Hazards Program is responsible for monitoring all US
volcanoes and issuing timely forecasts of
volcanic hazard
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Volcano Hazards Program comprises 5
Volcano Observatories and other major partners
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LVO - Long Valley, California
• Caldera formed ~760,000 ka• Most recent eruption ~250 yrs ago• > 3 M visitors / year• Several deaths this year due to CO2
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YVO - Yellowstone, WY
• Three caldera forming eruptions (2.1 Ma,1.3 Ma, 0.64 Ma)
• Most recent eruption ~ 70 ka • < 3 M visitors / year• Active hydrothermal system
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CVO - Cascades, Pacific Northwest
• Monitors the Cascades
• Mount St. Helens activity since 2004
• Mt. Rainier has > 1 M visitors / year and 3 M people live nearby
Currentlyerupting
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HVO - Hawaii
• Kilauea: erupting since 1983• Mauna Loa: last erupted in 1984,
– Increased signs of unrest since 2002
• > 1 M visitors / year
Currentlyerupting
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AVO - Alaska
• Monitors > 20 volcanoes• Volcano accessibility challenges• Ash is dangerous to aviation
– 1989 KLM 747 lost power– Regained power after descending out of
cloud
• > 4 M airplane passengers / year
Currentlyerupting
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We monitor volcanoes remotely
Earthquake Occurs on Little
Sitkin
Received on Amchitka
Downlink in Palmer
Processing and Automatic Analysis
Scientific Analysis
43
2
1
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We record an event…
Now what?
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Small remote earthquake information is logged
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More populated centers release daily updates
One small earthquake (M=0.8) in the Long Valley caldera region since the last update on May 1.
Long Valley Daily Update issued 10:57:32 AM on May 2, 2006 - Color Code GREEN
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Less populated areas release updates for elevated activity
Augustine volcano has entered a period of repetitive explosive eruptions.
• Timing of eruptive events• Hazards (example, lahar)• Height of ash cloud• Ash fall area
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Multiple stakeholders determine response
Media
FAANWS
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Update frequency differs among observatories
• LVO - daily• AVO - daily (elevated color
code) weekly (monitored)
• YVO - monthly• HVO - daily (Kilauea)
weekly (Mauna Loa)
• CVO - daily (MSH)
• CNMI - weekly (Anatahan)
As needed for new events
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CAP is an XML based universal format
• Common Alerting Protocol (CAP) created for exchanging response information
• RSS Feed
• Bridges communication gap among agencies at all levels
• One message disseminated over multiple warning systems
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CAP language created for generic disaster scenarios
• Urgency - Immediate, Expected, Future, Past, Unknown
• Severity - Extreme, Severe, Moderate, Minor, Unknown
• Certainty - (Observed) Very Likely, Likely, Possible, Unlikely, Unknown
We need to fit volcanic events into CAP language
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We created a customizable and flexible system
• Simple form• Observatories have
customized front page• Data pulled from MySQL
tables using PHP• Observatory name
triggers scripts on all common pages
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Event vocabulary developed to supplement CAP information
How do you translate non standard event descriptions into standard keywords?
Event: Seismicity, Deformation, Thermal, Gas Emission, Volcanic Activity
Dim glow?
Vog?
No mention?
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One form multiple outputs
• Inserts into archive• Sends to DMIS• Sends email• Creates RSS feed• Posts on websites
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Subscribe to our RSS feeds
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Challenges
• Different volcanoes– Types– Accessibility– Densities of
networks
• Different audiences– Airlines (FAA / NWS)– Land developers /
Skiers
• Limited resources
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Our new system creates and archives alerts
• Used by program• Refining code, use, and
process• Revising websites to
supplement information