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A Public Health Unit’s involvement in the review of Environmental Impact Assessments and ongoing monitoring:
Uranium Mining Developments in Northern Saskatchewan
Dr. James IrvineMedical Health Officer
Athabasca Health AuthorityMamawetan Churchill River Health RegionKeewatin Yatthé Health Region
June 11, 2012
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2011 Northern Sask Population:
39,000
~ 70 communities
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Population Percentage as Aboriginal by Region
Source: Stats Canada (prepared by Population Health Unit, Oct 2010)
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HistoryMining since the 1950s Legacy Sites:
abandoned/orphaned sites
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Mine employeesHistorical: Mining Towns Now: Fly in / Fly out
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Underground and Open-Pit MinesMills
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Present day mines
Remote Technologies
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• June 2011, 3690 work at northern Saskatchewan uranium mines: 47% (1735) are “northerners”.
48% are of Aboriginal ancestry
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Going about assessing health impacts in proposed projects
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Environmental Assessment of Uranium mines
• Cluff Lake Inquiry - 1976• Key Lake Inquiry - 1979• Joint Federal – Provincial Panel on Uranium
Mining Development – 1990s– Cluff Lake mine (extension)– McClean Lake mine and mill– Midwest mine– McArthur River mine– Cigar Lake mine
• EIA’s for alterations, additions, expansions• New mine developments
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Generic Steps Taken in an EA
Source: Health Canada Health Impact Assessment Volume 1
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Project Description vs. Environmental Impact Statement
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The TeamSEARP
Saskatchewan Environmental Assessment Review Panel
• Agriculture • Education• Energy and Resources• Enterprise and Innovation• Environment• Finance• First Nations and Metis Relations• Health• Highways and Infrastructure• Labour Relations and Workplace
Safety• Municipal Affairs• Saskatchewan Water
Corporation• Saskatchewan Watershed
Authority• Social Services
Health Units
• MHO• PHI / EHO• Others
• Epidemiologist• Public Health
Manager• Primary Care
Manager • Acute &
Emergency Services
• Emergency Measures Coordinator
Federal Process
• Health Canada• CNSC• Others
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Approaches to Proposals and Environmental Impact Statements
Regulatory Approach
Physical health from environmental change
Integrated / Social / Environmental Health Impact Assessment
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EHIA – 10 Step Approach
Source: Fehr, Epidemiology 1999
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Physical Environment•Air•Water•Soil•Food•Traffic•Built
Socio-economic•Income / Social Status•Employment•Education•Business / economic development•Social environments•Health services•Culture
Land / Resource Use•Land us for traditional purposes•Hunting, Trapping, fishing•Tourism •Heritage resources
Construction Phase
Operation Phase
Decomissionand Post
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MONITORING:Potential Pathways To Human Health Impacts
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Air, water, soil
Animals, fish, plant foods
Worker’s health & safety
Family’s socio-economic conditions
Community’s socio-cultural-economic factors
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• Transportation
• Road / air access
• Communications
• Television
• Internet
• Social changes
• Incomes
• Education
• Background environment
• Housing, water & sewage
• Smoking
Many other factors affecting our communities
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Environmental monitoring: air, water, & sediment around mines and near
communities
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MONITORING COUNTRY FOODS
Food chain transfer
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Radionuclides and Trace Metalsin Northern Saskatchewan Country Foods
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Country food consumption surveys• Hatchet Lake First Nation
• 1998-1999• Site specific dietary information • Comprehensive, summer and winter• By age, gender• By food, body part, cooking process
• Uranium City • 2010-2012
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Mine Workers:Uranium Mine Workers Epidemiologic Study
• Old Mines • Eldorado (1932 to 1982)
• Modern mines• 1982 to 2030
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Monitoringcommunity health
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Social Health:Community Vitality Monitoring Partnership
www.cvmpp.ca
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Projects:Migration SurveyHealthy Food CostingNorthern Youth Initiatives 7 in / 7 out work schedule impact on individual, family
& community Athabasca EducationCareer Counseling Initiatives in SchoolsNorthern Recognition Socio-economic impact of uranium mining
Reports available: www.cvmpp.ca
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Community Involvement• Northern Environmental Quality Committees
• Community Consultation
• Participant Funding
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Population Health UnitAthabasca, Keewatin Yatthé & Mamawetan Churchill River Health Regions2nd Floor Lac La Ronge Indian Band OfficeBox 6000Laronge, SK S0J 1L0
Dr. James [email protected]