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A successful Mandarin Learner: Anna
江芷羚 Stacy 9631309
趙珈妤 Arial 9631303
林尚宬 Victor 9631307
蔡宜芳 Wicia 9631333
鄒蕙筠 Whitney 9631335
謝毓涵 Yuko 9631381
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Stacy: Who & Why Data Collection Learning Conditions Characteristics Learning ProcedureArial: Motivation Attitudes Personalities Learner Beliefs
Outline
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Outline
Victor: Strategies Connectionism Krashen’s Affective Filter (Anna’s classmates)Wicia: Difficulties Interactionism Interaction hypothesis
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Whitney: The Positive& Negative Effects of Using L1 to L2 Behaviorism
Yuko: Environment Krashen’s Affective Filter (Anna herself) Tolerance of Ambiguity
Outline
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Who & Why
Stacy 9631309
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Name: Anna
Education Background:
• University of Canberra, Australia
• Monash University, Australia
Major: Psychology
Stayed in Taiwan for 1 year
Who
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Why we choose her?
• Arial’s friend
• The efficient ways of learning
Mandarin
• Interested in languages
• Heritage
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Data Collection Methods
• Face to face interview
• E-mail interview
• Picture-taking
• Recording
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Learning Conditions
• University of Canberra, Australia
(six months)
• National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan
(one year)
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Characteristics
Open-minded
Extroverted
Easygoing
Optimistic
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Learning Procedure
At the beginning
After six moths to one year
Now
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At the beginning- The instruction she received
(visualized instruction)
- Emphasis
(more on speaking and listening)
- Never give up
(personalities and motivation)
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After six months to one year
- The pace of progressing
- Changes of learning styles or
attitude
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Now
- The part she needs to improve
more (speaking and conversation)
- use native-like words deeper
phrases
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Why does Anna want to learn Mandarin?
Arial 9631303
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Interested in languages
Studied Japanese before
Heritage (Mother is Chinese)
Motivation
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Anna’s attitude towards language learning is…
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Positive
Not afraid to make mistakes
Willing to communicate with others
Attitude
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Extroverted
Risk-taking
Personality
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Meet a group of friends
Reading
Learner Beliefs
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Strategy
Victor 9631307
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Learning Strategy Read articles (i+1) Go to class (activity) Conversation (practice in a mock
situation) Be in that environment
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Memorizing strategy Making a little story to memorize
characters
Using contexts to remember the meanings
Repetition (pronunciation)
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How to keep motivated
Remember why you learn the language
Imagine you can speak the language fluently
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Connectionism frequency with which learners
encounter specific linguistic features in the input and the frequency with which features occur together
She prefers to associate words with contexts (remember efficiently)
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Interaction hypothesis Modification is needed.
Conversational adjustments can aid comprehension in the L2.
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The affective filter hypothesis
“Affect” refers to such things as motives, needs, attitudes, etc.
Most of her classmates dropped the class because the tones are difficult.
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Difficulties
Wicia 9631333
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Difficulties
Q: What sounds in Mandarin do you have difficulties with? A: Sound: phonetic alphabetEx: 吃魚→ She can’t speak correctly.
(CPH)Her own tip: speak quickly and sound can be better four tones → 水餃 睡覺
ㄔ ㄘ ㄖ…
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Questions
Q: In English sentences, people put a / an /
the in front of one subject. Do you find it
difficult to use the proper one in Mandarin?
A: 一根木頭 一條手帕… “ 個” is easier to be used
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Questions
Q: What is the most difficult thing for you
when you’re having a Mandarin conversation? A: She can’t understand quickly what
the native speakers said.
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Interaction
In Australia: The opportunity of speaking in Mandarin
is less. (only in Chinese class) In Taiwan: She exposed herself to native
environment. Ex: Hanging out to the Taiwanese friends
Going to the traditional market
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Interactionism hypothesis
1. SLA takes place through conversational interaction.
2. Modified interaction is a necessary mechanism.
3. Having an opportunity to interact with other speakers.
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Anna’s examples Communicate with Taiwanese
friends Simplify the linguistic forms,
elaborate what they want to express, slow speech rate, use gesture
Has the opportunities which speed up the language development
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The similarities and differences between the L1
and the L2
Whitney 9631335
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L1(English) VS. L2 (Chinese)
Positive effect: Word order go see a movie ( 去看電影 )
Negative effect: Word order I went to see a movie
with my boyfriend last Saturday. ( 我去看電影和我的男生朋友晚 的星期六 )
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Behaviorism
Whitney 9631335
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Behaviorism
Imitation Practice Reinforcement Habit Formation
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Behaviorism Imitation 1. Listening
2. Reading
3. Speaking
4. Writing
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Listening
Contexts in the textbook Classroom Chinese
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Listening
Classroom Chinese - 打開 + N. ( 打開書本 ) - 這是什麼 ?
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Listening
Contexts in the textbook Classroom Chinese Clapping hands, walking around the classroom and speaking Chinese out loud to learn the tones and
rhythm. Changing the third tone
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Listening
Change the third tone - If 2 syllables in succession use the third tone, the first syllable changes to the second tone and the second syllable keeps the third tone. 你好 ㄋㄧˊ ㄏㄠˇ
- If more than 2 syllables of third tone are in succession, the tone changes according to the context. 我很好 ㄨㄛˇ ㄏㄣˊ ㄏㄠˇ
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Reading
The articles in the textbook The book of her kindergarten
student The QA lists and possible answers
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Writing
Write each Chinese character at least 30 times per day.
The strokes of each character
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Speaking
Practice the frequently asking questions.
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Speaking
Practice the frequently asking questions.
Q: What do you like to eat? ( 你喜歡吃什麼 ?)
A: I like to eat _________. ( 我喜歡吃 __ 。 )
apples 蘋果 cakes 蛋糕 ham 火腿 tofu 豆腐 rice 飯 noodles 麵
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Speaking
Practice the frequently asking questions.
KTV
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Practice
School (NCKU) Cram school (the place where she
works at) Traditional Market Anywhere when she gets a chance Chinese Proficiency Tests
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ReinforcementPositive & Negative feedback
Positive feedback Her friends and co-workers give her
compliments
Negative feedback Clerks at MacDonald’s run away and
think she is speaking English to them.
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Habit Formation
Chat about different topics (school life, politics, etc.) with Taiwanese people.
Be a bilingual teacher in the classroom without the native Chinese teacher’s help.
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Environment
Yuko 9631381
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Mandarin Class
Differences In Australia In Taiwan
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Mandarin Ability
Improvement Listening Speaking Reading Writing
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Difficulties (In Taiwan)
粗 飯!
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Analysis
Krashen’s affective filter hypothesis Tolerance of ambiguity
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Suggestion Aggressive motivation Don’t be afraid of communicating
with the local people Practice makes perfect Learning languages in different ways Create a language learning
environment as possible as you can