A Synthetic Approach A Synthetic Approach to Dissolving Coronary to Dissolving Coronary
PlaquePlaqueBy: Humberto Fernandez
Heart DiseaseHeart DiseaseBlocked arteries are the leading cause of death in the U.S.
Takes away your artery's ability to intake oxygen-rich blood.
Can lead to...Coronary Artery Disease, Blood Clots, or even worse Heart Attacks
Compromised mostly of cholesterol and forms through Atherosclerosis.
Early Stages of Early Stages of AtherosclerosisAtherosclerosis
A syndrome that affects arterial blood vessels and leads to an inflammatory response
Brought upon by LDL as they don't clear macrophages/cholesterol from the arteries because they become oxidized by free radicals.
These free radicals go on to damage LDL receptors which are necessary for cholesterol management
How the Body How the Body RespondsResponds
Sends macrophages and T-Lymphocytes to absorb the oxidized LDL.
This forms specialized foam cells which attack the endothelium of the artery lumen.
These newly created foam cells finally grow and rupture.
What happens after What happens after the foam cells the foam cells
rupture?rupture?Athermanous plaque forms, with platelets following.
This then encourages the migration and proliferation of smooth muscle cells.
Once ruptured, harmful cholesterol is deposited in the artery walls.
Formation of Fatty Formation of Fatty DepositsDeposits
Attracted smooth muscle cells form a fibrous cap between the fatty deposits and artery lining.
Capped fatty deposits are now the plaque that forms in arteries.
Effects of PlaqueEffects of Plaque
Aneurysms
Thrombus
Problem with All Problem with All These RamificationsThese Ramifications
This cardiovascular illness often produces no symptoms
Thrombus can lead to the death of an artery in 5 minutes
Atherosclerosis is a body-wide process
A heart attack or stroke can occur if blood flow is obstructed
How can we fix this How can we fix this problem?problem?
Central reason this whole process occurs is the inability of specific receptors (LDL receptors) to effectively bind to and control cholesterol levels.
By improving such proteins and creating effective proteins that compete with the absorption of cholesterol, we can stop the formation of plaque
Cholesterol's Role in Cholesterol's Role in AtherosclerosisAtherosclerosis
Two types: LDL and HDL
When the cardiovascular system is deregulated in the case of plaque buildup, many LDL molecules appear in the blood without receptors on the peripheral tissue.
Having a large number of these molecules leads to a high risk of atherosclerosis and a malfunction of our body's cholesterol levels.
Two types of plaque are comprised mostly of cholesterol
Fallacy of Cholesterol Fallacy of Cholesterol in Bodyin Body
A lot of people believe cholesterol in your blood is the same cholesterol in the food you eat...but this isn't true.
Instead, our body has natural mechanisms to stop increasing cholesterol levels and actually breaks down the cholesterol in the food we eat.
If your body then needs cholesterol it resembles the pieces as the cholesterol is recycled throughout the body.
Determining if ones Determining if ones arteries are blockedarteries are blockedStress Test
Coronary Angiography
DesignDesign
LDL/HDL Cholesterol Is Present Around Macrophage
Operon is Induced and Every Promoter Sequence is Turned on
0 0
1 1
Truth Table Truth Table
Current TreatmentCurrent Treatment
Statins and their negative effects
Safety of this Design Safety of this Design
Human clinical trials have been conducted on the effect of pterostilbene.
The liver receptors LXRα and LXRβ have been tested with knockout mice.
Phytosterol esters have also generally been recognized as safe (GRAS) status in the US.
Important to Still Live Important to Still Live a Healthy Lifea Healthy Life