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A215 Lab
Urinary: Gross Structures & Histology
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• Renal Capsule • Fibrous covering of kidney
• Renal Cortex • Outer region, BUT, has inward projections into the medulla called renal columns (columns are extensions of the cortex) • Appears “granular” because contains the glomeruli
• Renal Medulla • Consists of renal pyramids
• Darkly stained upside down triangles • Each pyramid drains into a minor calyx
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Nephron • Contains:
– Renal Corpuscles – Proximal Convoluted
Tubules (PCT’s) - w/ microvillus border
– Nephron Loop (Loop of Henle)
– Distal Convoluted Tubules (DCT’s) • macula densa
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Kidney • Composed of over one million
nephrons (filtering systems) located in the cortex. – Cortex – contains renal corpuscles, the
components of the nephron where filtration of blood STARTS • Renal corpuscle = glomerulus + glomerular
capsule + capsular space – Medulla - inner region lacking renal
corpuscles
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• Renal Corpuscle – glomerulus – glomerular capsule – Capsular space
glomerulus!
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PCT vs. DCT • Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT)
– Simple cuboidal WITH MICROVILLI! • Microvilli create “fuzzy” lumen
– Outnumber DCT’s 7:1 (most tubules you see will be proximal
• Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT) – Simple cuboidal NO MICROVILLI!
• Has CLEAR lumen
– Nuclei appear to bulge into lumen
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PCT!
PCT!
PCT!PCT!
macula densa within DCT!
DCT!
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Macula Densa • Specific feature within Distal
Convoluted Tubule (DCT) that contacts the glomerular wall (and an associated afferent arteriole)
• Plate of darkly stained, closely packed cuboidal cells in DCT wall
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Kidney Blood Flow • Arteries
– Renal Arteries – (Segmental arteries) – Interlobar Arteries – Arcuate Arteries – Interlobular Arteries – Afferent arterioles – Glomerulus – Efferent arterioles
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Kidney Blood Flow cont. • Capillaries
– Peritubular Capill. or Vasa Recta • Veins
– Interlobular veins – Arcuate veins – Interlobar veins – Renal Veins
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• Transitional Epithelium lined • ureters
– 2 layers of smooth muscle in muscularis • urinary bladder
– 3 layers of smooth muscle in muscularis
Transport and Storage
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Lumen!
Adventitia
Epithelium
Muscularis!
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Adrenal Gland • Located superiorly to kidneys and
surrounded by a mass of adipose tissue
• 2 Regions – Cortex (outer layer) – Medulla (inner layer)
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Cortex!
Medulla!
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Label all boxes with P or D (for PCT or DCT)!