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ICT-FACILITATED
ACCESS TO INFORMATION
INNOVATIONS
IN
BANGLADESH & INDIA
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SCOPE & LIMITATIONS
The Right to Information (RTI) is the legally enforced entitlement of citizens to claim information from public authorities through a written application process.
7 innovative ICT practices : 5 from India and 2 from Bangladesh – that are aimed at advancing access to information for transparency and accountability in governance towards the goal of improved democratic practices and public service delivery.
User Analysis – sample size, time constraints, availabilityNonuser Analysis – targeting a control groupBiases – field restrictions/constraints
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RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
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Assessing ‘Access’
Government to Citizen (G2C)
Third Sector/Hybrid to Citizen
(32C)
Citizen to Citizen (C2C)
Assessing ‘Information’
Use/Level
Type
Form
Assessing ‘Innovation’
Innovative/Unique
Appropriate Technology
Sustainable
Replicable
Impactful
APPROACH
Action-Oriented, Participatory & Applied
SECONDARY RESEARCH
•Scholarly government reports, working papers, and case studies
•Respected media sources
•ICT research and organizational websites
•Right to Information (RTI) research and related knowledge portals
PRIMARY RESEARCH
Focus Group Discussions (FGDs)
Observation of Use
Interviews
Surveys
FRAMEWORK FOR IDENTIFICATION & ANALYSIS
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JAANKARIBihar, India
Launched in 2007, Jaankari aims to support the creation of an efficient and effective Right to Information Act through a statewidecall center cum integrated web portal .
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ANALYZING DESIGN & OUTCOMES
Technology• Web-based platform
Bilingual input and displayReal-time application trackingOnline feedback mechanism
Access• Inclusiveness
Catering to remote, illiterate, disadvantaged and female sections of the population
Impact• High user satisfaction
Substantial number of first time users Repeat usage
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RECOMMENDATIONS
• Leveraging mobile usage
• Decentralizing the Jaankari model Establishing local level offices to increase usage from all
districts
• Augmenting the financial model Diffusing the choice of service provider Moving to a toll free number Employing a sustainable revenue model
• Using Jaankari to enhance PIO capacity
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DAISY FOR ALLChittagong, Bangladesh
Features
•Launched in 2005
•YPSA- DAISY Consortium
• Areas of Operation- 3 Chittagong subdistricts and Chittagong Hill Tracts
• Hybrid model – G2C, 32C
• Digital Talking Books -audible reading materials for print-disabled persons
•Talking Dramas on social/legal issues in story format
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TECHNOLOGIES & INFORMATION
Open Source
software
Digital talking books
Talking Dramas
National Content
Repository
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RECOMMENDATIONS
• User access
• Preference of technologies
• Utilization of information for real impact
Monitoring and Evaluation
• Matching user needs and preferences with technologies and information
Feedback and Continual Interaction
• Strengthening existing partnerships, building new partnerships
Capitalizing on High Potential Scope
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CITIZENS’ VOICESFeatures
• Launched in May 2011
• C2C model
• Web portal to facilitate engagement between service providers and citizens
• Citizen journalists facilitate submission of reports – photo, video, written
•Pilot areas: Rajshahi, Barishaland Panchagarh
• To ensure citizens’ welfare by improving public service delivery
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ICT & GOOD GOVERNANCE
27%
18%
55%
What have you learned from your engagement?
Technology How to submit reports, use flipcams etc.
GovernanceTransparency/accountability, public service delivery etc.
JournalismHow to write reports, media relations etc.
18%
55%
27%
Why do you participate in Citizens' Voices?
Citizens should have a voice
Helps to make service provision transparent and providers accountable
Will encourage the government to ensure basic services are delivered to all citizens
TECHNOLOGIES•Use of open source-Ushahidi, Frontline SMS, Wordpressand AVRO
•Multiple mediums of technologies for content submission
•Graphical display of reports on platform
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EXPLORING GAPS
RTI RTSCitizens’ Voices
0
2
4
6
8
10
Verification of reports
Engagement of Service Providers
Building awareness amongst citizens
Technology-relatedNo
. of
Cit
ize
n J
ou
rnal
ists
Area that can be improved upon
What needs to be improved the most?
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SMS-BASED MONITORING SYSTEMBihar, India
Launched in 2009, the SMS-based monitoring system aims to facilitate daily monitoring of development schemes at the local level and its transfer to the State level by leveraging cheap mobile technology.
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USE OF TECHNOLOGYForm• Low cost technology
Mobile Internal dashboard Public website
• Use of existing and multipurpose hardware
Access• Availability of data in the public domain allows for citizen engagement
Impact• Enhancement of ‘responsible’ reporting of scheme progress• Mitigation of corruption
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RECOMMENDATIONS
• Motivating compliance in reporting Identifying gaps and providing appropriate training Encouraging blockwise competition
• Addressing data issues Linking village to block level reporting Building rich data through qualitative support -Incorporating citizens’ feedback Engaging social organizations to use public data
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
District
SMS Compliance RateNovember 2009- April 2011
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ICT ECOSYSTEM FOR MGNREGSRajasthan, India
E-enable MGNREGS to strengthen public accountability
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ANALYZING TECHNOLOGIES & IMPACT
Innovative features
Touchscreen computers
Text-to-speech feature
Biometric & GPS attendance
Impact
Access to accurate information about the Scheme
Empowerment of beneficiaries – especially women
0 50 100
Info Kiosk
Biometric Attendance System
Community Radio
SMS Job Card Retrieval System
No. of respondents
Useless Somewhat useless Semi useful
Useful Extremely useful
User Perceptions of Program Components
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RECOMMENDATIONS
Enhancing portability for inclusivenessUse of a handheld device to offer information to remote
locations
Include text-to-speech feature for mobile-based solutions
Ensuring long-term sustainability Integrate banking component for direct deposit into
individual accounts
Research nonusage for understanding awareness and preferences
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GEOINFORMATICS FOR FOREST RIGHTSMaharashtra, India
Spatial technologies are used for the effective implementation of the Government of India, Forest Rights Act, 2006.
Satellite images of an ineligible claim case
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CREATING ACCESS TO INFORMATION
Geoinformatics is facilitating information flow at two levels:
• between various levels of government(G2G)
• between government and citizens(G2C)
Key benefits:• Easy to use and cost effective
technologies
• Increases transparency
• Community inclusion and empowerment
• Long term value
1.6 lakh cases have been measured by GPS and a total of 1.05 lakh cases have been decided in favor of the claimants.
0
20
40
60
80
Disagree Neither agree nor disagree
Agree Strongly agree
Has technology expedited the forest rights' claim process?
0102030405060
Disagree Neither agree nor disagree
Agree Strongly agree
Is geoinformatics better than the plane table survey method?
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EXPLOITING OPPORTUNITIES
Targeted approach towards awareness generation amongst end-users by:
Utilizing the potential of local actors
Holding ‘on-the-spot’ demonstrations.
Experience based technological improvements over time by:
Modifying aspects of GPS machines based on feedback
Expanding accessibility of website by using text-to-speech technology
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I PAID A BRIBEIndia
Reforms
Demand Side
Supply Side
Information
Bribe Data
Citizens
Citizens/Government
“Uncover the Market Price of Corruption”
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INFORMATION DISSEMINATION
Web Portal
Bribe data collected
Info-graphics presents real time data
Online Information
Concentration of corruption
FAQs
Advice column
Published Reports
Janamahiti report
Citizens’ advisory
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RECOMMENDATIONS
More inclusive technology
Take advantage of high teledensity
Interactive Voice Response System
Multi-lingual interface
Forming coalition of actors
Network across the country – NGOs, Groups of Citizens, Political leaders
Create pressure for institutional reforms
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COMPARATIVE ANALYSISLearning Across Countries
Citizens’ Voices as a ‘Jaankari-like’ platform
I Paid A Bribe & Citizens’ Voices on crowdsourcing platforms
Use of Spatial technologies– ICT Ecosystem for MGNREGA, Citizens’ Voices & Geoinformatics for Forest Rights
Use of Text-to-speech – DAISY for ALL, ICT Ecosystem for MGNREGA
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CONCLUSIONS
CROSS CUTTING ANALYSISLearning Across Innovations
1. THE MODEL OF ACCESSCHOOSING THE RIGHT PLATFORM
AWARENESS FOR ACTION-ORIENTED USAGE
2. INFORMATION TYPE AND USERICH, UNBIASED AND CREDIBLE
MULTI-STAKEHOLDER ACCESS
TRANSFORMING INFORMATION INTO ACTION
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CROSS CUTTING ANALYSIS (CONT.)
Learning Across Innovations
3. MODE OF TECHNOLOGYAPPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY CHOICEOFFERING MULTIPLE MEDIUMS MATCHING USER NEEDS OPEN SOURCE VS. PROPRIETARY
4. SUSTAINABILITY AND IMPACTCLOSING THE LOOP – ‘LAST MILE CONNECTIVITY’INSTITUTIONALIZATION
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THANK YOU
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