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Generator Circuit-Breaker Systems
ABB Switzerland LtdHigh Voltage Products
PTHG-V / Marta Lacorte
Business Development LAM
High Current Systems
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Layout without
Generator Circuit-Breaker
Layout with
Generator Circuit-Breaker
G
GCB
G
Generator Circuit-Breaker? What are we talking about?
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� Simplified operation
� Improved generator protection
� Improved main and unit transformers protection
� Increased power plant availability
� Decreased costs (case dependent)
Advantages of Generator Circuit-Breakers
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-Advantages of Generator Circuit-Breakers
� GCB � clear and logical plant arrangement
� generator starting-up or shutting-down
� only GCB operates
� switching operations number reduction
� power plant and the high-voltage grid operation responsibilities � clearly defined
Simplified Operation
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-Advantages of Generator Circuit-Breakers
� generator, main and unit transformers differential protection zones � maximum selectivity
� Generator-fed short-circuit currents � four cycles interrupted
Generator, main and unit Transformers Improved Protection
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-Advantages of Generator Circuit-Breakers
� simplified operation
� clearly defined operational responsibilities
� reduced operational errors
� more reliable generator synchronisation
Increased Power Plant Availability
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-Advantages of Generator Circuit-Breakers
� rapid and selective clearing clearance of all types of faults
� avoid expensive secondary damage
� avoid long down repair times� main or unit transformer tank bursting
� generator damper winding thermal destruction
� turbine-generator mechanical destruction
Increased Power Plant Availability
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-Advantages of Generator Circuit-Breakers
� associated items of switchgear integration into GCB enclosure
� simpler and more economic power plant layouts
� simpler and more economic erection and commissioning
� elimination of station transformer and associated high-voltage and medium-voltage switchgear
� increased power plant average availability
� 0.3…0.5 %
� increased operating hours
� higher power plant operator profit
Decreased costs (case dependent)
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-Requirements for Generator Circuit-Breakers
� GCB requirements � transmission and distribution CB requirements
� GCB high technical requirements
� Rated current
� Short-circuit currents (system-source and generator-source)
� Fault currents due to out-of-phase conditions
� Fault currents asymmetry, delayed current zeros
� Recovery Voltages rate-of-rise
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Generator circuit-breakers installed between generator and step-up transformer are not within the scope of this standard
Standards IEC 62271-100 / 2001 (former IEC 56)
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Standards
� IEEE C37-013
1. Scope
This standard applies to all ac high-voltage generator circuit breakers rated on a symmetrical current basis that are installed between the generator and the transformer terminals. Pumped storage installations are considered a special application, and their requirements are not completely covered by this standard.
NOTE — Since no other national or international standard on generator circuit breakers exists, this standard is used worldwide.
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ABB Generator Circuit Breakers worldwide
DB 1954-1993
DR 1969-1998
HEK 1984-1999
HGI 1992-
HEC 3-6 1995-
HGC 1998-
HEC 7/8 2000-
HECS 2003- HECPS 3/5S 2005-
Our business card is nearly 5‘500 units installed and operating worldwide
Airblast GCB > 1900 unitsSF6 GCB > 3450 units
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ABB Switzerland Ltd, High Current Systems
� Design and Manufacturing in Zurich-Oerlikon, Switzerland
� Approx. 100 Employees� Deliveries in 2006: 352 GCB‘s� Market share world-wide: >70%
� January 2007: received orders for almost 3600 GCB‘s in SF6 technology (since 1985)
� Worldwide more than 3000 ABB GCB‘s (SF6) are already in operation
>70%
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GCB PORTFOLIO 2006
6300A 8000A 10500A 13000A 18000A 23000A 24000A 28000A (57000A)
210kA
160kA
140kA130kA
100kA
80kA
63kA50kA
HGI 2
HGI 3
HECS-100 (HECPS-3S / HECS-100R)
HECS-130 (HECPS-5S / HECS-130R)
HEC 7S HEC 7 HEC 8
Rated Current [A]
Short Circuit Current [kA]
HECS- 80
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GCB type: HECS (SF6)
Development of Generator Circuit-Breaker
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Generator Circuit-Breaker System Type HECS
Generator Circuit-Breaker
Series Disconnector
Capacitors
Starting Disconnector for SFC
Manuell Short-Circuit Connection
Earthing Switches
Current Transformers
Potential Transformers
Surge Arrestor
Motorized Short-Circuit Connection
G
1
2
3T
3G
9MO
6G
6T
5
4
8
8
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
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Generator Circuit-Breaker System Type HECSView into one pole of Circuit-breaker type HECS-130L
Surge arrester
Current transformer
Voltage transformer
Series Disconnector
Interrupting chamber
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Interruption Chamber and Disconnector
of the circuit-breaker type HECS-100L
Interrupting chamber
Series DisconnectorView through the inspection windowsof HECS to assure that the disconnectswitch is in the open position.
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Earthing Switch - HECS
Earthing switch
In CLOSED position
Semaphore and keylocking
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Hydro-Mechanical Spring Drive – HMB 4.5
Schematic diagram of the hydraulicspring operating mechanism
View of a hydraulic spring operating mechanism
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Current Transformer / Voltage Transformer
Current transformer
According to IEC 60044-1or IEEE C57.13
Voltage transformer
According to IEC 60044-2or IEEE C57.13
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ABB GCB advantages
Dimensions ���� GCB ABB smaller in width and smaller length ���� less transportation cots and more flexibility for installation
transport units ���� GCB totally mounted in the factory, the three phases and the control cubicle mounted in the structure. Shorter commissioning time, less assembling on site, less assembling mistake,higher availability
mechanic-hydraulic drive ���� thousands of units installed in the world, approved equipment, without failures
maintenance � 20 years or 20’000 mechanical operations, until reach one of these limits only supervision services are necessary, without take the GCB out of service
arc extinction method � self blast extinction, assuring performance in the currents interruption of high amplitude as well as of small current
type tests ���� performed according to GCB standard IEEE C37.013 and in independentlaboratory – KEMA
� out-of-phase type test performed with 180°of phases disagreement
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World
South America
019
8
0
0
0 43 10
18
50
148
1928
South America
GCB Type "D":South America
GCB Type "D":South America
DR 36 sc 1750 San Agaton 2
DR 36 t 0500 Planta Centro Unidad 5 1
DR 36 t 0500 Planta Centro Unidad 4 1
DR 36 t 0500 Planta Centro Unidad 1 + 2
2
DR 36 t 0500 Planta Centro Unidad 3 1
DRT24.125 Macagua 2 4
DRT24.125 Macagua 2 2
DRT24.125 Macagua 2 4
DRT24.125 Macagua 2 2
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GCB SF6 Type"H":South America
GCB SF6 Type"H":South America
World
South America
1115
12
6
8
5 13 3
0
27
103
3203
HECS-100M Pedro Camejo 2
HEK 4 Macagua 2 5
HEK 4 Macagua 2 4
HEK 4 Macagua 2 4
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Replacement Northfield Mountain / USA
Northfield Mountain. - BeforeNorthfield Mountain - After
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Replacement Benmore HPP / New Zealand
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Retrofit TPP Berezovskaja / Belorussia Estonia
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Retrofit TPP Berezovskaja / Belorussia Estonia
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TPP Kuala Langat (250MW) / Malaysia
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elimination of station transformer and high-voltage bay
Layout without
Generator Circuit-Breaker
Layout with
Generator Circuit-Breaker
G
GCB
G
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0
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0 0 . 0 5 0 . 1 0 . 1 5 0 . 2
r e s i s t ê n c i a d o a r c oArc resistance
Arc resistance effect in GCB
Ta = Xd”/{2Πƒ(Ra)}
Ta = Xd”/{2Πƒ(Ra + Radd)}
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Interruption of Generator-Fed Fault Currents
Without Generator Circuit-Breaker (Unit Connection)
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Interruption of Generator-Fed Fault Currents
With Generator Circuit-Breaker
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Simplified Operational Procedures
Layout without generatorcircuit-breaker
Unit start-up:1) Run-up unit on station transformer (start-
up supply) and synchronise generator with high-voltage grid by means of high-voltage circuit-breaker
2) Parallel unit auxiliaries supplies3) Separate unit auxiliaries from station
transformer (start-up supply)
Unit routine shut-down:1) Parallel unit auxiliaries supplies 2) Separate unit auxiliaries from unit
transformer3) Trip high-voltage circuit-breaker and shut-
down unit on station transformer
Unit emergency shut-down:1) Trip high-voltage circuit-breaker, unit
auxiliaries are isolated 2) Automatic transfer of unit auxiliaries from
unit transformer to station transformer (approx. 4…5 cycles)
3) Shut-down unit on station transformer
Layout with generator circuit-breaker
Unit start-up:1) Run-up unit on unit transformer and
synchronise generator with high-voltage grid by means of generator circuit-breaker
Unit routine shut-down:1) Trip generator circuit-breaker and shut-
down unit on unit transformer
Unit emergency shut-down:1) Trip generator circuit-breaker and shut-
down unit on unit transformer
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Equipment Failures
Main Transformer Failures
Sequence of events:
t = 0 ms: earth fault at HV-side of transformer
t = 45 ms: 2-phase short-circuit
t = 95 ms: 3-phase short-circuit
t � 150 ms: explosion of transformer
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Equipment Failures
Short-Time Unbalanced Load Conditions
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system-source short-circuit asymmetry 74% voltage rate of rise TRV 6 kV/ms
generator-source short-circuit currentsasymmetry 130% voltage rate of rise TRT 2.2 kV/ms
Short Circuit Characteristic
G
G