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Abuser in Intimate Partner Violence
The 9th NSFPStockholm, 24-
26.8.2011
Hannu Säävälä et al
Oulu University Hospital, Department of
Psychiatry
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Abuser in Intimate Partner Violence Hannu Säävälä1&2, MD, PhD, forensic
psychiatrist Riitta Hannus2, Social Worker Tuija Korhonen2, Psychologist Riitta Pohjoisvirta2, Social Worker Santtu Salonen2, Social Worker
=====
1Oulu University Hospital, Department of Psychiatry
2Oulu Mother and Child Home and Shelter
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Abuser in Intimate Partner Violence
Oulu Mother and Child Home and Shelter
Outpatient and shelter
Services for the victim, the abuser and the children
Population base appr 200 000
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Integrated framework
Theoretical socio-cultural: Gendered violence Psychiatric: Individual psychology Systemic: Family dynamics
Practical Individual work Family work Team work
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Study data
All Client-cases during 2003-5, N=447
Shelter 62%, outpatient 38% Statistical analysis, 154 variables Abuser 97% male Victim’s violence in 22% of cases
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Selection of Study Subjects
All client cases
N=447 victim identifN=431
perp identifN=425
16 cases omitted
6 cases omitted
victim partnerN=383
partner casesN=374
42 cases omitted
9 cases omitted
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Aims of the study
Is it possible to differenciate between serious and less serious violence?
What are the differences in serious and less serious violence?
Violence: Problem of the abuser or Culturally determined?
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Assessment of violence (Johnson 1995)
Intimate terrorism (IT)
Controlling Serious physical
attacks or traumatizing effect on the victim
Common coupleviolence
(CCV) Non-controlling Non-serious
physical attacks and non-traumatizing effect on the victim
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In terror the size matters
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Mental traumatization is central to seriousness of violence
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Classification of cases(% of all, N=235)
Common couple violence (CCV) 75%
Intimate terrorism (IT) 25%
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Intimate terrorism
Abuser’s violence more frequentlyIn previous relationship (N=79, p=0.032)
Lead to previous convictions (N=87, p<0.00)
From the start of the present relationship (N=157, p=0.008)
Towards children (N=146, p<0.00)
Also outside home (N=137, p<0.00)
Unilaterally (N=144, p<0.00)
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Intimate terrorismAbuser’s mental problems: More often
Dominant traits (N=168, p<0.00)Labile affective traits (N=176 p<0.00)Paranoid traits (N=157, p<0.00)Dissociative symptoms (N=123, p=0.036)No depressive traits (N=131, p=0.004)Problems with intoxicants (N=178, p=0.001)Violent also when sober (N=124, p=0.027)
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Intimate terrorism is a mental problem of the
abuserDutton 2007
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Intimate terrorism
The Attitudes of the Abuser:More often patriarchal (N=152, p=0.002)
Did not take responsibility of his/her actions (N=150, p<0.00)
Was not motivated to strive for non-violence (N=163, p<0.00)
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Intimate terrorism is a culturally determined phenomenon
Walker 1989, Archer 2006
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Problems of the Study
Standardization Reliability of classifications Missing info of clients Generalizability of results
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Conclusions of the study
IPV is not a uniform phenomenon We need integrated approaches to
tackle the problem of IPV It is possible to assess IPV
Helps to plan Safety measures Suitable working methods