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Accelerated World HistoryOctober 20, 2015
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Warm Up – October 20, 2015
•Write three facts you want to know about Africa.
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Agenda
• Unit 3 Pretest• Intro to Africa• Guided Readings for Unit 3
• Reminders: • Check the website for updates and new guided
readings.
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Essential Question
•Why do we know so little about Africa?
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Characteristics of Africa
• Sub-Saharan people were polytheistic:• Practiced animism,
a religion in whichspirits exist in nature &play a role in daily life
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The Bantu Migration
Over the course of 4,000 years, Bantu peoples of central
Africa migrated south in search of farmland
These Bantu migrations helped spread new farming & ironworking techniques
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Bantu Languages
Many modern-day African languages can be traced back to the Bantu
All these words mean “people” in the given language
Mod Lang Word Mod Lang Word Mod Lang Word
Duala bato Mongo Banto Rwanda abantu
Fang bot Bushong Baat Shona Vanhu
Tio baaru Luba bantu Herero abandhu
Kongo bantu
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What factors shaped the culture of East Africa?
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East Africa
• The societies of East African participated in the Indian Ocean trade network & were shaped by cultural diffusion:• The kingdom of
Aksum trade withPersia, India, Arabia, & Rome; Aksum became a Christian kingdom
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Aksum Church
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East Africa• Arab merchants introduced Islam to East African trade cities• The mix of
African & Arab cultures led to a new Swahili language
• Towns had mosques & were ruled by a Muslim sultan
• But many people kept their traditional religious beliefs
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What factors shaped the culture of West Africa?
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West Africa
•West Africa was were shaped by the trans-Saharan trade network:• West Africans had
large deposits of gold, and traded it for salt
• The gold-salt trade connected North & West Africa
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West Africa
• The gold-salt trade increased cultural diffusion with Muslim merchants:• Islam was
introduced in West Africa & slowly gained converts
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West Africa
• The gold-salt trade led to wealth & empires in West Africa• By 800, Ghana
became an empire by taxing merchants, building a large army, & conquering surrounding people
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Ghana Gold!
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West Africa
• Eventually Ghana was overthrown by Muslims & the Mali empire emerged• Mali’s King Sundiata took
over the Ghana kingdom & trade cities in West Africa
• Sundiata created an efficient gov’t, promoted farming, & controlled trade
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West Africa
• The most important Mali king was Mansa Musa:• He built a 100,000
man army to keep control over Mali
• He divided Mali into provinces ruled by appointed governors
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Mansa MusaMansa Musa was a devout Muslim & went on
a hajj to Mecca in 1324
Mansa Musa passed out gold nuggets to the people he met along the way
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This is a European map of Africa. Very little was known about Africa below the Sahara, but Mansa Musa is on the map. Based on his image on the map, what did Europeans know about Mansa Musa?
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West Africa•When he returned from Mecca, Mansa Musa built mosques throughout Mali, including Timbuktu• This trade city
established a university and became a center for learning.
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Timbuktu
Djenne MosqueUniversity
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West Africa• After Mansa Musa, Mali declined & was replaced by Songhai • Kings gained control
of trade cities along the gold-salt routes
• Songhai grew into the largest of the West African empires
• Its fall in 1591 ended a 1,000 year era of empires in
West Africa
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Conclusions• African societies were transformed by two powerful forces:• Trade with
outsiders • Introduction
of Islam